Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infections and fever are frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis. Study on bacteremia in cirrhotic patients has not been reported in Japan. In a 16 year period from 1979 to 1994, we collected 39 cases with 40 episodes and 44 microorganisms of bacteremia for this study. The incidence of bacteremia in cirrhotic hospital admissions was 4.8% (39/808). Gram negative bacteria were the predominant microorganisms of bacteremia (66%, 29/44). Among them, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio sp. were the three most commonly detected microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia has not been detected. Laboratory data of cirrhotic patients showed that positive blood culture patients had significantly lower serum albumin, prothrombin time and hepaplastin test than negative patients. Focal infection could be diagnosed in only 45% (20/44). The mortality rate was 28% (11/39), but the bacteremia related death (by septic shock) were only 2 cases. The other causes of death were hepatic failure in 9 cases. In conclusion, bacteremia is a important complication of liver cirrhosis. Blood culture is necessary in cirrhotic patients with fever.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical study on bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis]. 869 93

We report a case of synchronous gas gangrene and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with liver cirrhosis. The patient was a 52-year-old man who was being followed for decompensated liver cirrhosis. He experienced sudden onset lower abdominal pain with distension and pain in the left leg. A bullous lesion, with crepitation, later appeared in the thigh and showed air-bubbles on X-ray. Eschericia coli was cultured from ascites and the bullous lesions; there was associated gas gangrene. The patient died of bacteremia with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy 26 h after admission, despite receiving intensive care. We discuss the route of bacteria causing the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and simultaneous gas gangrene.
 ...
PMID:Liver cirrhosis with synchronous gas gangrene and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to E. coli. 908 80

Two isolates of serum-susceptible Campylobacter coli were recovered in a 7-day interval from blood from a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis whose peritoneal-caval (Denver's) shunt malfunctioned. Identical random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints, cellular fatty acid chromatograms, and antibiograms of the two isolates indicate that C. coli has the ability to cause catheter-related bacteremia following its colonization of the catheter.
 ...
PMID:Indwelling device-related bacteremia caused by serum-susceptible Campylobacter coli. 923 Apr 11

Leclercia adecarboxylata has been rarely isolated from environmental and clinical specimens. On review of the world literature, we found two reports of L. adecarboxylata infection: one report described a patient with hepatic cirrhosis, and the other described a child dependent on total parenteral nutrition. L. adecarboxylata was isolated from five infected patients who were evaluated at our institution. Three patients had lower-extremity wound infections in which L. adecarboxylata was part of a mixed microbial growth. One patient had pneumonia due to multiple bacteria, including L. adecarboxylata, which were isolated from sputum. L. adecarboxylata was isolated from the blood of one patient with neutropenia and from the blood of the two patients reported in the literature. All patients except one had fever and leukocytosis. L. adecarboxylata isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested. L. adecarboxylata is most frequently isolated as part of a mixed microbial growth. Its role in these infections is not clear. However, the organism caused bacteremia in three patients.
 ...
PMID:Leclercia adecarboxylata infections: case report and review. 1134 May 46

To understand group B streptococcal infections other than peripartum events in adults and to provide a regional antimicrobial therapy guide, we conducted a retrospective analysis of invasive diseases caused by group B streptococcus (GBS) in 33 nonpregnant adults treated in a medical center in southern Taiwan, from January 1993 to July 1994. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the agar dilution method. The incidence of the disease was 1.6 per 1,000 nonpregnant adult admissions, and the mean age of patients was 58 years (range 17-86 years). Primary bacteremia (13) and soft-tissue infections (11) were the most common manifestations. Nearly all the patients had underlying disease(s) and/or condition(s); the three most common were diabetes mellitus (13), malignancy (5), and liver cirrhosis (5). There were eight nosocomial infections and six patients died. Of 32 GBS strains tested, 27 were susceptible to penicillin G and the rest were intermediately susceptible. All strains were uniformly susceptible to cephalothin, cefotaxime, ofloxacin, and vancomycin; two strains were susceptible to gentamicin and nearly half were intermediately susceptible. Our findings imply a requirement for higher doses of penicillin or combination with an aminoglycoside for treatment of GBS infection. First-generation cephalosporins may be an alternative for the treatment of GBS infections in Taiwan.
 ...
PMID:Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive group B streptococcal infections in nonpregnant adults in Taiwan. 929 Feb 73

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites who developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Campylobacter fetus is described herein. This organism has been increasingly associated with bacteremia and localized infections in patients with cirrhosis and other immunocompromised states, but spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has been rarely reported. We review Campylobacter fetus infections and their relationship to development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and we emphasize that prolonged antimicrobial therapy is required.
 ...
PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from Campylobacter fetus]. 930 14

Klebsiella infection has been considered to be an uncommon cause of meningitis. To determine its incidence and clinical features, we reviewed the microbiologic records of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures and the medical records of patients with bacterial meningitis admitted between 1981 and 1995. Klebsiella meningitis was diagnosed in 79 patients with 83 episodes. All patients had klebsiella isolated from CSF and/or blood and typical symptoms and signs of acute bacterial meningitis. Of these, 74 were over 16 years of age and 2 of the 5 children were infants. There was an increased prevalence rate of klebsiella meningitis after 1986. Of the 83 episodes, only 9 occurred between 1981 and 1986, accounting for 7.8% of 115 cases with CSF and/or blood culture-proven acute bacterial meningitis, whereas in 1987-95, there were 74 episodes accounting for 17.7% of 419 bacteriologically proven cases. K. pneumoniae accounted for 69 episodes, K. oxytoca, 11 episodes and K. ozaenae, 3 episodes. Male gender, diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis were commonly associated with K. pneumoniae meningitis. Neurosurgical procedures were frequently associated with K. oxytoca meningitis. All three patients with K. ozaenae meningitis had a primary disease of the nasopharyngeal pathway. The mortality rate due to K. pneumoniae was 48.5%, K. oxytoca, 10% and K. ozaenae, 0%. In patients with K. pneumoniae meningitis, poor prognostic factors included age over 60 years, diabetes mellitus, bacteremia and severe neurological deficits on the first day of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Klebsiella meningitis in Taiwan: an overview. 936 11

From 1979 to 1996, 58 patients (mean age, 39.4 years) were treated for bacteremia due to Campylobacter species at the Hospitals Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona, Spain. Bacteremia was considered to be hospital acquired in 30% of these patients. Almost all the patients (93%) had underlying conditions; liver cirrhosis was the most frequent (34% of patients), and neoplasia, immunosuppressive therapy, and human immunodeficiency virus disease were also common. Of the 58 Campylobacter strains isolated, 81% were C. jejuni, 10% were Campylobacter species, 7% were C. fetus, and one (2%) was C. coli. Resistance rates were: cephalothin, 82%; co-trimoxazole, 79%; quinolones, 54%; ampicillin, 20%; amoxicillin/clavulanate, 4%; erythromycin, 7%; gentamicin, 0; and tetracyclines, 0. Even though the majority of patients were immunocompromised, mortality was low (10.5%), and only one patient relapsed. Because of the high level of resistance to the quinolones in Campylobacter species, these drugs should not be used as empirical treatment, at least in Spain. Although the macrolides remain the antibiotics of choice, amoxicillin/clavulanate may be an effective alternative therapy.
 ...
PMID:Bacteremia due to Campylobacter species: clinical findings and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. 943 89

We performed a 5-year retrospective study to evaluate the effect of long-term administration of norfloxacin on the epidemiology of severe hospital-acquired infections in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Sixty-seven episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and 60 episodes of bacteremia occurred in, respectively, 46 patients (group 1a) and 52 patients (group 1b) who did not receive norfloxacin, while 23 and 17 episodes occurred in 21 patients (group 2a) and 17 patients (group 2b) during or within 10 days after long-term administration of norfloxacin. Enterobacteriaceae were more prevalent in groups 1a and 1b than in the other two groups (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively); conversely, staphylococci were more prevalent in groups 2a and 2b (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). The rate of staphylococcal resistance to methicillin was 53.6% in groups 1a and 1b and 77.3% in groups 2a and 2b. We conclude that long-term norfloxacin administration to cirrhotic patients reduces the risk of gram-negative infections but increases the risk of severe hospital-acquired staphylococcal infections and of high-level resistance to antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of severe hospital-acquired infections in patients with liver cirrhosis: effect of long-term administration of norfloxacin. 959 25

Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus rarely causes celluitis associated with bacteremia in debilitated hosts. We have identified this infection in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in one with liver cirrhosis. All three patients had eaten raw beef, liver, or improperly cooked pork before the manifestations of the illness. C. fetus subspecies fetus was recovered from blood and feces from the three patients. This organism was also isolated from a subcutaneous aspirate of the cellulitis lesion in one patient. DNA macrorestriction endonuclease profiles analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis differed for the isolates from the three patients but were identical for the blood and fecal isolates or the aspirate and fecal isolates from each patient. These findings suggest that cellulitis associated with bacteremia arises from ingestion of C. fetus subspecies fetus organisms and that clinicians and microbiologists should be aware of this infection in debilitated hosts.
 ...
PMID:Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus cellulitis associated with bacteremia in debilitated hosts. 970 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>