Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exocrine pancreatic function was determined by oral administration of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (peptic-PABA-test) in 120 controls, 74 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 35 patients with acute pancreatitis 2--6 weeks after recovery, 201 patients with a variety of gastro-intestinal diseases and in 10 patients with anorexia nervosa. In the control group, 70% +/- 18% of the oral administered dose of PABA was found within 6 hours in the urine. In contrast the group of chronic pancreatic patients excreted only 40% +/- 13% over the same period. "False negative" PABA excretion was found in 11 (9%) of the 120 persons with no pancreas disease. "False positive" PABA excretion was found in 13 (17,5%) of the 74 patients with chronic pancreatitis. The test was not influenced by age or sex. After stomach resection or cholecystectomy and in patients with ulcus duodeni, chronic hepatitis, functional diarrhea, Crohn's disease, colitis ulcerosa and acute pancreatitis 2--6 weeks after recovery the peptide-PABA-test was not distored. Diminished PABA excretion was encountered in some patients with toxic liver disease, inflammatory disease of the small intensine like M. Whipple, celiac disease and unspecific enteritis and in a few patients with cholelithiasis. Low PABA excretion was found in early all patients with partial small intestinal resection, terminal liver cirrhosis or liver metastasis with ascites and in all patients with anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:[The specificity of peptide-PABA-test (author's transl)]. 31 33

Thyroid explorations were made in 57 patients complaining of serious illnesses in order to identify "low T3 syndrome". All these patients were clinically euthyroid as assessed by normal values of T4 concentration, RT3U ratio and FT4I. However, all the patients included in this study had significantly low serum T3 (42 +/- 29 ng/100 ml) and FT3I (0,44 +/- 0,30). Low T3 syndrome was particularly frequently seen in patients with cancer (8/10), hepatic cirrhosis (5/6), renal failure (6/7), old age (5/8) and in serious systemic diseases (6/12). Nevertheless, at adverse with other authors, we have observed less frequently the low T3 syndrome in anorexia nervosa (4/6) as well as during fasting (1/8). In 31 out of 35 patients with low or normal low T3 concentrations, the serum TSH values observed were within the normal limits in 28 cases. The etiologies of isolated decreased T3, mainly the deviation of peripheral conversion of T4 to reverse T3, are discussed. Normal metabolic state and normal TSH concentration encountered in the low T3 syndrome are equally commented.
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PMID:[Low triiodothyronine syndrome in non thyroidal diseases. Distribution and serum TSH concentration studies (author's transl)]. 73 16

The sequence identity of growth hormone-binding protein (GH-BP) with the extracellular domain of GH receptors raised the possibility that circulating GH-BP might affect the binding of human GH (hGH) to its receptors, and thus, its biological effects. To test this hypothesis, we tested the effects of sera with low GH-BP levels (obtained from prepubertal children, girls with anorexia nervosa [AN], and patients with hepatic cirrhosis), normal control sera, and sera with high GH-BP levels (obtained from obese patients) on hGH binding to its receptors. GH-BP activity in patients' sera was measured by incubation with [125I]hGH and the separation of bound hGH from free hGH with dextran-coated charcoal. The effect of GH-BP was studied by preincubation of patients' sera with increasing concentrations of hGH, followed by incubation with [125I]hGH and a rabbit liver membrane preparation known to be rich in GH receptors, and finally by measuring hGH bound to the receptors. In this study, we report on the ability of GH-BP to reduce the inhibitory capacity (IC50) of hGH on [125I]hGH binding to GH receptors. The concentration of GH-BP in serum is positively correlated with the IC50 of hGH incubated with different sera on [125I]hGH binding to its receptors (n = 21; r = .886, P less than .001). In the presence of high serum GH-BP levels, such as those observed in obesity (20.13% +/- 0.71%/0.05 mL serum), the IC50 values were significantly higher than those obtained with sera containing GH-BP levels lower than those measured in human control subjects, such as from prepubertal children, AN patients, and cirrhotic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of human growth hormone (GH)-binding protein in human serum on GH binding to rabbit liver membranes. 161 92

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) levels in human plasma were measured in physiological and pathological conditions by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with biosynthetic IGF-II. This RIA was specific for IGF-II and cross-reactivity with IGF-I was 1%. The sensitivity was 15 pg/tube with 50% displacement at 50 pg/tube. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for IGF-II were 6.3 and 9.3%, respectively. The plasma IGF-II levels in normal adults, patients with hypopituitarism and patients with active acromegaly were 589.6 +/- 15.8, 800.9 +/- 45.6 and 330.3 +/- 24.3 ng/ml, respectively. After human growth hormone (hGH) treatment in hypopituitarism, IGF-II slightly increased, but not significantly. After adenomectomy in patients with acromegaly, IGF-II significantly decreased. These data indicate that IGF-II concentrations in plasma were partially GH dependent. This GH dependency was less than that of IGF-I. IGF-II was low in patients with anorexia nervosa and with liver cirrhosis and high in patients with renal failure. In two cases with extrapancreatic tumor-associated hypoglycemia, plasma IGF-II was increased to 1123.8 and 843.5 ng/ml, and returned to normal after tumor resection. These data showed that IGF-II was partly dependent on GH and nutritional conditions and that IGF-II was the most likely cause of some cases of hypoglycemia with extrapancreatic tumor. This specific and sensitive RIA of IGF-II would be useful in evaluating its physiological and pathological role in plasma and tissue.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). 208 2

The change in the levels of free thyroid hormones and the pathophysiology of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis of patients with nonthyroidal illness (NTI) have not been clearly elucidated so far. Therefore, it was thought of interest to investigate this problem by determining free thyroid hormones and TSH in serum and the response of TSH to TRH in these patients. The subjects employed in this study were 71 cases with hemodialysis, 40 cases with diabetes mellitus, 24 cases with liver cirrhosis, 12 cases with various cancers, 10 cases with anorexia nervosa and 110 normal subjects as controls. The serum total protein, albumin, free T4, free T3, TSH and other parameters of thyroid function were determined, and the TRH test was performed on about 10 patients of each group. Serum TSH was not only determined by a conventional assay system, but with a highly sensitive method, and the data were compared with one another. It was found that the serum free T3 levels were significantly low in all the groups investigated, but the serum free T4 levels were significantly low only in the groups with hemodialysis, decompensated liver cirrhosis, cancers and anorexia nervosa. No significant lowering of serum free T4 was observed in the patients with diabetes mellitus, acute hepatitis and compensated liver cirrhosis. However, serum TSH levels tended to be higher in all the groups studied, though they were not significant. The response of TSH to TRH was low or delayed in about 20-50% of patients with hemodialysis, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, cancers and anorexia nervosa. It was observed that the serum rT3 concentration was significantly high in the patients with diabetes mellitus and anorexia nervosa but significantly low in the patients on hemodialysis. In the rest of the groups, there were found many cases who showed high levels of serum rT3 although they were not statistically significant. These results indicate that low concentrations of serum free T3 observed in the majority of the patients with severe NTI were, at least in part, due to the decrease in the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 and the lowered sensitivity of the anterior pituitary to thyroid hormones and TRH.
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PMID:[Serum free thyroid hormones and response of TSH to TRH in nonthyroidal illnesses]. 310 Mar 46

A case of a 20-yr-old female with possible "alcoholic hepatitis" and a mixed micro/macronodular cirrhosis occurring in association with overt bulimia and a history of anorexia nervosa, but without any objective evidence of either alcoholism or alcohol abuse, is reported. The possible factors that may have contributed, either alone or in combination, to produce this unusual occurrence are discussed.
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PMID:The possible occurrence of "alcoholic hepatitis" in a patient with bulimia in the absence of diagnosable alcoholism. 365 53

Thyroid hormone serum concentrations were measured in clinically apparently euthyroid patients suffering from diseases that have symptoms in common with thyroid dysfunction. The diseases investigated were: anorexia nervosa (n = 13), myocardial infarction (n = 13) cirrhosis of the liver (n = 19), terminal renal insufficiency (n = 30) and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 14). In each group, the patients were divided into groups according to the degree of their disease. A relative decrease in 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (TT3) serum levels is the most pronounced effect of all the non-thyroidal ailments investigated. Individual observations show that total and free thyroxine levels can also be lowered by some acute illnesses. Moreover, the extent of the decrease in TT3 serum levels depends significantly on the severity of the non-thyroidal illness. This phenomenon was observed in all ailments investigated. Based on our findings it is concluded that the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction may be extremely difficult in many non-thyroidal illnesses. This study should help the clinician to evaluate laboratory hormone data correctly in respect to the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in patients with non-thyroidal illnesses.
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PMID:[The effect of nonthyroidal diseases on the serum hormone level of the thyroid gland function regulation cycle]. 661 91

Three cortisol fractions, protein-unbound (U-F), transcortin-bound (Tr-F) and albumin-bound cortisol (Al-F) were measured in patients with dysproteinemia by a newly devised isocolloidosmolar equilibrium dialysis method. Total cortisol (Total-F) concentrations in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), anorexia nervosa (AN) and cachexia due to cancer (CA) were higher than in normal subjects, and those in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and multiple myeloma (MM) remained within the normal range. In all groups of patients, the U-F concentration, which is believed to be the sole active fraction of cortisol, showed significantly higher values than in the normal subjects. We, therefore attempted to find which of the two binding proteins contributes to the elevated U-F concentrations. Concentrations of each cortisol fraction are greatly changed by alterations in the Total-F concentration. We therefore compared the Tr-F against Total-F and Al-F, and U-F against Total-E of patients with those of normal subjects. It was found that decreased transcortin-binding and not albumin-binding in the patients with cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and myeloma contributed to an increase in the U-F concentration. Although decreased binding of albumin due to hypoalbuminemia was found in LC, NS, MM, CA and AN, it had relatively little effect on cortisol distribution in the serum.
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PMID:The serum concentrations of unbound, transcortin bound and albumin bound cortisol in patients with dysproteinemia. 718 82

In man, the assay of insulin receptors is performed on circulating monocytes or erythrocytes. In physiology, insulin binding decreases with age; it is lower in women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or during administration of oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives; it exhibits diurnal variation; it increases after physical training; it depends on the diet, being inversely correlated with its carbohydrate content; finally, rapid variations in binding affinity are observed after glucose ingestion or after breakfast. In pathology, obese people are resistant to the effects of insulin and they have decreased numbers of receptors on blood cells; short-term fasting induces an increase in the binding affinity, while a long term hypocaloric diet leads to an increase in receptor numbers. Similarly non-insulin-dependent, maturity onset diabetics, even without overweight, have low numbers of binding sites, which are increased by diet or after treatment by sulfonylureas. In the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans, there is a decrease in hormone binding, which is either primary (Type A) or is secondary to the effects of circulating antibodies to the insulin receptor (Type B). In acromegaly, insulinomas, liver cirrhosis and acute viral diseases the binding of insulin is decreased. On the contrary, variable results have been reported in cases of lipoatrophic diabetes, leprechaunism, uremia and glucocorticoid administration. Finally, an increase in insulin receptors has been observed in anorexia nervosa and in insulino-penic diabetes.
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PMID:[The insulin receptors of the blood cells and their study in disease states in man (author's transl)]. 734 Jun 95

Discrepancies between GH measurements and growth rate of children have complicated diagnosis in a variety of clinical conditions. The competition of GH-BP with the GH-receptor towards GH-receptor binding can have a role in these discrepancies. A mathematical model was developed for appraising the availability of GH for receptor binding from measurements of serum GH by RIA and serum GH binding protein (BP) by a binding assay. Eighteen patients with high GH-BP (obesity), normal GH-BP (normal control) or low GH-BP (children, anorexia nervosa or cirrhosis of the liver) were the subjects of this study. Sera of patients with high, normal or low GH-BP levels were analyzed for their competition with [125I]hGH binding to rabbit liver membranes. Serum GH was measured by a commercial polyclonal RIA. Serum GH-BP was measured by a binding assay with dextran-coated charcoal separation. Receptor availability for GH was assessed by displacing of [125I]hGH from rabbit liver membranes. The decline in receptor availability for each hGH value, caused by GH-BP competition with the receptor, was calculated by subtraction of the percent displacement in the absence of GH-BP from the percent displacement in the presence of a given GH-BP value. The results were analyzed statistically to give a series of polynomes. These enabled the calculation of an activity factor for serum RIA GH levels, that should predict the receptor availability of each GH level, according to the concomitant GH-BP level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A mathematical model for appraisal of the impact of GH binding protein on GH receptor binding. 819 83


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