Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic are widely dispersed in the environment. Adults are primarily exposed to these contaminants in the workplace. Children may be exposed to toxic metals from numerous sources, including contaminated air, water, soil and food. The chronic toxic effects of lead include anemia, neuropathy, chronic renal disease and reproductive impairment. Lead is a carcinogen in three animal species. Cadmium causes emphysema, chronic renal disease, cancer of the prostate and possibly of the lung. Inorganic mercury causes gingivitis, stomatitis, neurologic impairment and nephrosis, while organic mercurials cause sensory neuropathy, ataxia, dysarthria and blindness. Arsenic causes dermatitis, skin cancer, sensory neuropathy, cirrhosis, angiosarcoma of the liver, lung cancer and possibly lymphatic cancer.
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PMID:Occupational and community exposures to toxic metals: lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. 716 33

The red-cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentration is determined in 60 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, in 33 with iron deficiency anaemia and in 86 healthy subjects. In all cases, the erythrocyte volume fraction and the haemoglobin concentration are simultaneously measured, while the cirrhotic patients undergo, at the same time, analyses of the arterial pH, pO2 and pCO2 and of the levels of inorganic phosphate, bicarbonate and lactate in their venous blood. In the 60 cirrhotic patients the red-cell DPG concentration (7.40 +/- 1.23 mmol/l) is significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in the 86 control subjects (4.58 +/- 0.59 mmol/l) and the 33 patients with iron deficiency anaemia (5.86 +/- 1.06 mmol/l), although the level of anaemia in the latter is greater (P less than 0.001) than in the patients with liver cirrhosis. The DPG concentration found in the cirrhotic patients was far higher (P less than 0.001) than the theoretical value attributable to them by virtue of their grade of anaemia (5.21 +/- 0.95 mmol/l), which value is deduced mathematically from the equation of the regression line between haemoglobin and DPG normal in patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Anaemia, hypoxaemia and acid-base disturbances are disorders frequently associated with cirrhosis of the liver. In the present study we deduce that alkalosis, and therefore the plasma pH level, is the most important factor causing the increased DPG concentration in patients with liver cirrhosis for any level of haemoglobin, with respect to other subjects with anaemia.
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PMID:Relationship of red-cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate with anaemia, hypoxaemia and acid-base status in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. 716 27

One hundred and twenty-five children with chronic liver disease were seen in Pune in 13 months. Fifty-nine of them, aged 8-39 months, had Indian childhood cirrhosis histologically diagnosed. Their characteristics included an insidious onset of symptoms, a geographical clustering of cases in rural areas north-east of Pune, a high rate of parental consanguinity and affected siblings, and a very high hepatic copper concentration (790-6654 micrograms/g dry weight). Only 8 survived for 6 months, adverse prognostic features being jaundice, ascites, enlargement of the gall bladder, and severe anaemia at presentation. Clinical differentiation from other liver disorders in the same age group was clear in advanced cases but unreliable in earlier cases. Four asymptomatic siblings with hepatomegaly had a benign course. The need for non-invasive methods to diagnose early cases in the community is demonstrated. The other major diagnostic categories were: unresolved hepatitis (12); chronic active hepatitis (7); cryptogenic cirrhosis (6); neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia (8).
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PMID:Liver disease in India. 718 21

Clinical and laboratory observations were made on 220 chronic alcoholics, regularly taking at least 150 g of alcohol daily. Haematological data concerning white blood cells, platelets and red cells counts, mean corpuscolar volume, hemoglobin and serum iron in these patients were compared with control values obtained from 150 healthy teetotal subjects. Hematological changes in chronic alcoholics were correlated with histological liver damages in transcutaneous needle-biopsies. No statistical differences were evident for white cells and platelets counts and for serum iron content; however, in chronic alcoholics, serum iron content showed a great dispersion around the mean. Mean corpuscolar volume (MCV) was significantly increased (P less than 0,001) in chronic alcoholics (even in those with a normal liver biopsy) but there was no significant difference in the degree and the incidence of macrocytosis between patients showing normal liver appearances or fatty changes only, and those showing more severe damage, i.e, acute alcoholic hepatitis (with or without steatosis), central hyaline-sclerosing necrosis and or hepatofibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. No significant difference was seen between male and female alcoholics. Macrocytosis may be considered as an early marker for alcoholism but it does not correlate with the type of histological liver damage. Hemoglobin levels were significantly reduced in chronic alcoholics (P less than 0,01): the degree and incidence of anemia were more severe in those patients with advanced liver diseases and in female alcoholics. There is no statistically significant correlation between macrocytosis and anemia.
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PMID:[Macrocytosis and anemia in chronic alcoholism. Correlation with the results of hepatic needle biopsy]. 724 21

There are 40 patients with Wilson's disease diagnosed in Albania; 24 were males and 16 females with an average age 18.8 +/- 8.47 years. The incidence rate was 1:75.000 and prevalence rate 1:148.000. According to clinical data, the Kayser-Fleischer ring was found in 75% of the cases, the neurologic in 60% and mental disturbances in 27.5%. The liver was damaged in all the cases of acute and chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. In 35% signs of hypersplenism were seen. Comparing these data with a control group of 60 alcoholic or viral cirrhosis with hypersplenism, it was found that hypersplenism is encountered in younger ages (p < 0.0001). The platelets were lower in WD than in the control group (p < 0.05), but leucocytes were lower in the control group (p < 0.001). Portal hypertension was found in 42.5% of the cases. Six of these (35.3%) were complicated by gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In two twins the disease was accompanied with another congenital anomaly: genu valgum bilateralis. Two other patients had hypertrophy of the parotis gland, six patients had signs of acute haemolysis, accompanied by nonspherocytic anemia, Coombs negative.
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PMID:Wilson's disease in Albania. 747 17

The cases of two patients with liver cirrhosis HCV-related, admitted in our Department in consequence of the development of ascites, anemia and clinical deterioration, are reported. Both patients had all major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and anamnestic and physical findings suggesting this diagnosis; nevertheless, the alpha-1-fetoprotein serum levels and the ultrasonographic findings were not diagnostic for primary hepatic neoplasm. Explorative paracentesis was diagnostic, demonstrating the presence of hemoperitoneum (the hematocrit ratio in the ascitic fluid was 12 and 10, respectively). Magnetic resonance revealed extensive diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma on both cases. Hemoperitoneum, in patients with liver cirrhosis, in face of non diagnostic levels of alpha-1-fetoprotein and ultrasonographic findings, can be indicative of the spontaneous rupture of a diffuse type of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Hemoperitoneum supporting difficult diagnosis of diffuse hepatocarcinoma in liver cirrhosis]. 751 61

It has been suggested that acquired abnormalities of the red cell membrane due to various injuries [azidothymidine (AZT) therapy, immunoglobulin coating of red cells, differentiation abnormalities of erythroid precursors] contribute to the onset of anaemia in HIV-infected patients. In vitro proteolysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins is regarded as a molecular marker of membrane damage induced in vivo by different agents. We therefore investigated in vitro proteolysis of ghosts derived from red blood cells of 30 HIV-infected patients. Considered collectively, there was no significant increase in in vitro proteolysis in ghosts from anaemic HIV patients. However, a significantly higher degree of in vitro self-digestion of RBC membrane proteins was evident in HIV-infected patients with spleen enlargement, but not in splenomegalic patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. Neither AZT therapy nor the presence of a positive direct antiglobulin test seemed to be directly associated with increased in vitro protein breakdown. The results seem to suggest damage of the red cell membrane in HIV infection, induced by injuries on red cells during their prolonged retention inside an enlarged spleen, while it seems unlikely that AZT therapy or immunoglobulin coating of red cells play major roles in red cell damage.
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PMID:In vitro proteolysis of the red cell membrane in patients with HIV infection. 754 74

Chronic anemia is frequently observed in patients affected by cirrhosis. To investigate the possible role of erythropoietin (Epo) in the pathogenesis of anemia in cirrhosis, we measured the immunoreactive Epo levels and the respective hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in 48 anemic and nonanemic cirrhotic patients and in a control group of healthy subjects and patients with iron-deficiency anemia. Epo concentrations were determined in serum using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. The regression curve between Epo values and Hb concentrations showed a significant inverse exponential trend both in cirrhotic patients (r = -.55; P < .0001) and controls (r = -.92; P < .0001). In a semilogarithmic plot, the line slope obtained in cirrhotic patients was significantly lower (P < .005) than that of controls, suggesting a blunt Epo response to anemia in cirrhosis. Moreover, covariance analysis showed that the Epo levels for a given degree of anemia were further reduced in the patients with a more severe disease, suggesting a close relation between cirrhosis and the mechanisms involved in the derangement of the Epo feedback system. Finally, the Epo concentrations measured in the cirrhotic patients without anemia did not significantly differ from Epo values obtained in healthy subjects. An impaired Epo response may play a role in maintaining low Hb concentrations in cirrhotic patients with anemia. However, the evidence of a residual Epo response to anemia in cirrhosis and the presence of normal basal Epo levels in nonanemic cirrhotic patients do not support an inadequate Epo secretion as one of the primary causes of anemia in cirrhosis.
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PMID:Reduced serum levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin in patients with cirrhosis and chronic anemia. 755 62

Rhinocerebral phycomycosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection with ubiquitous fungi of the class Phycomycetes, starting in the nose and extending to the paranasal sinuses and then intracranially. The condition is often characterized by poor prognosis because of occlusion of the internal carotid artery. This disease is commonly associated with predispositions such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, which is the most common, immunosuppressive states and metabolic bankruptcy including leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, malnutrition, uremic or diarrheal acidosis, severe burns, anemia, carcinoma, radiotherapy, liver cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, tuberculosis, septicemia, long-term medication of steroid, antibiotics and antimetabolite, drug addiction, cytotoxic drug administration and AIDS. Cases with unknown predisposition, however, have been infrequently reported in the literature. The authors report a case of rhinocerebral phycomycosis in which concurrence of Candida species instead of the above-mentioned common predispositions was considered a potential predisposition. To our knowledge, only 1 report in which Candida species are referred to as a potential predisposition for this disease has been previously issued. A 85-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on March 2, 1994 because of generalized convulsion. He had received a total extirpation of an ascending colon cancer in July 1993. On admission, physical inspection showed no abnormalities and neurological examination revealed obtunded consciousness without other abnormalities. He had no diabetes mellitus. Hematological and blood chemistry values were normal except for CA19-9 of 45 U/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of rhinocerebral phycomycosis]. 760 36

Among 68 liver transplant recipients, 190 hemodynamic studies were performed to evaluate the role of sepsis, anemia, acute graft rejection, and persistent portosystemic shunts. The hemodynamic outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in stable patients was also determined. Patients with sepsis showed a significant increase in cardiac index (5.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.7 L/min m2) and hepatic venous pressure gradient (6.3 +/- 2.9 vs. 3.3 +/- 2.1 mm Hg), compared with patients without sepsis. Cardiac index was higher in patients with, than in patients without, anemia (4.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.6 L/min m2). The hepatic venous pressure gradient was higher in patients with than in patients without acute graft rejection (5.1 +/- 2.9 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.2 mm Hg). Among patients with acute rejection, the hepatic venous pressure gradient was higher in patients with severe rejection than in those with moderate or mild rejection (7.2 +/- 3.3 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.9 mm Hg). In the postoperative period, in patients undergoing transplantation for acute liver failure, the hepatic blood flow was normal and significantly lower than in patients receiving transplant for cirrhosis (1.15 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.96 +/- 0.71 L/min). In patients undergoing transplantation for cirrhosis, cardiac index, azygos, and hepatic blood flows significantly decreased after 1 year compared with the first 6 postoperative months. Multivariate analysis showed that sepsis, anemia, and time after OLT were independent variables influencing cardiac index. Sepsis, time after OLT, and the existence of portosystemic shunts were independent variables influencing hepatic blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hemodynamics after orthotopic liver transplantation: study of associated factors and long-term effects. 763 13


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