Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a consecutive autopsy series of 95 males, parenchymal hyperplastic nodules of clear cells occurred in 11.6% and liver cell dysplasia (LCD) in 7.4%. These two possible preneoplastic lesions never occurred together. Of the men, 50.5% had been alcoholics or had drunk more than an average of 80 g of alcohol daily, and 65.3% had been smokers, as established by interviewing a family member or a close friend of the deceased. Hyperplastic nodules of clear cells were found in association with liver cirrhosis (p less than 0.005), liver enlargement (p less than 0.025), and heavy alcohol consumption (p less than 0.05), and tended (n.s.) to be associated with smoking. The largest nodules of clear cells were found in nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in a male who had used testosterone. In another case focal nodular hyperplasia coexisted. Hyperplastic nodules showed no association with the occurrence of cavernous hemangioma or benign bile duct tumors. Males with hyperplastic nodules of clear cells were significantly (p less than 0.01) younger (average 49.3 years) than those with LCD (average 61.1 years). Males with LCD were slightly (p less than 0.05) older, tended to have a small-sized liver, but were otherwise comparable with males without precursor lesions. The present results indicate that both hyperplastic nodules and liver cell dysplasia are common findings in male autopsy series comprising alcoholics and smokers. Hyperplastic nodules were associated with some of the predisposing factors of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Preneoplastic lesions of human liver. 357 Jan 37

Mortality and morbidity from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was studied in 5404 Finnish males aged 35-64 years who had been hospitalised for alcohol-related disease in 1972 without any admissions for IHD during that same period. By record-linkage, morbidity and mortality were followed up to the end of 1975. The mortality of patients with alcohol-related diseases was compared to 1120 patients with acute appendicitis by calculating indirectly age-standardised mortality ratios (SMR). The mortality and morbidity of 5963 patients with acute myocardial infarction or angina pectoris was also studied. The following SMRs for IHD mortality, non-fatal-IHD-hospitalisation and for mortality from all causes respectively, were found: acute myocardial infarction 11.6, 7.2 and 7.2; alcohol intoxication 6.0, 4.5 and 4.5; angina pectoris 5.2, 10.5 and 3.4; liver cirrhosis 2.2, 2.5 and 11.8; alcoholism 1.9, 1.9 and 3.6; pancreatitis 1.8, 1.2 and 4.4; alcohol psychosis 1.7, 2.5 and 4.2. IHD mortality and morbidity appeared to be more prevalent in patients hospitalised with alcohol intoxication than in patients with other alcohol-related diseases. This suggests that rapid drinking predisposes both to serious intoxication and to fatal disturbances of cardiac rhythm.
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PMID:Alcohol-related diseases associated with ischaemic heart disease: a three-year follow-up of middle-aged male hospital patients. 376 98

In Sweden sales of alcohol dropped 17% from 1976 to 1982. Similarly, comparison of data from 1979 and 1982 shows that the mortality from cirrhosis of the liver declined appreciably, by 28% in men and 29% in women. During 1979-82 mortality from pancreatitis also declined noticeably, by 30% in men and 36% in women. By contrast, no decrease occurred in mortality from alcoholic psychosis, alcoholism, or alcohol intoxication. The decrease in mortality from cirrhosis of the liver and pancreatitis is probably explained by a decrease in the consumption of alcohol among an important subgroup of high consumers of alcohol. The lack of a decrease in mortality from alcoholic psychosis, alcoholism, and alcohol intoxication may be because such diagnoses are often made in socially deteriorated, more dependent alcoholic subjects who have not been able to reduce their consumption.
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PMID:Has mortality related to alcohol decreased in Sweden? 392 7

The entire middle-aged male urban population of a Swedish city, as defined by a census in November 1969, was assessed for any mental hospital hospitalization during a 3-year period (1978-1980), as well as for any general hospital hospitalization during a 10-year period (1970-1979) within the catchment area. Inpatients of the mental hospital population belonging to the cohort and put in the categories 'Psychiatric alcoholic spectrum' and 'Severe depression' were studied for diagnoses of physical illness during any general hospital hospitalization. The psychiatric alcoholic spectrum was associated positively with infections, injuries, alcohol intoxication, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, arthritis/rheumatic diseases and duodenal peptic ulcer; and negatively with malignant neoplasms, myocardial infarction, gallstone disease and urolithiasis. Severe depression was associated positively with infections, myocardial infarction, asthma and alcohol intoxication. A nosologic taxonomy, aimed at explaining the epidemiological associations recorded, is suggested.
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PMID:Physical illness in severe depressives and psychiatric alcoholics in Gothenburg, Sweden. 621 51

Mortality and quality of survival after portacaval anastomosis in cirrhotic patients are such that the validity of the operation was investigated during a retrospective study of 242 cases, operation being for hemorrhage and involving emergency or delayed surgery. Operative mortality was higher in emergency cases, but was improved by stricter selection criteria, particularly of pathological features. Cause of death from secondary factors varied during the two years following anastomosis, with perhaps a high frequency of hepatic failure. Recurrence of hemorrhage was a serious complication often related to hepatic insufficiency, while the onset of combined jaundice-edema-ascites (1 out of 4 patients) was frequently the result of continued alcohol abuse. Portacaval encephalopathy (24,4%) did not worsen the vital prognosis, and was severe in only 3 cases. Alcohol intoxication was very frequent in minor forms. Edema of the lower limbs (34,4% of cases), a frequent complication, appeared to result mainly from hemodynamic causes. A return to work was not possible in 20% of patients, but in only 12% was this due to the anastomosis. Portacaval anastomosis would not, therefore, appear to alter survival of patients from complications of cirrhosis. It suppresses the hemorrhagic risk, however, and the course of the disease is then related only to the cirrhosis and to its stability if abstinence is maintained.
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PMID:[Is portacaval anastomosis still valid treatment for portal hypertension in alcoholic cirrhotic patients?]. 633 96

The major theoretical approaches that have provided competing explanations for the distribution and nature of alcohol problems are reviewed and assessed. The sociocultural model and studies are briefly discussed with major emphasis given to the particular studies that have focused on different conceptions and dimensions of availability. Attempts to integrate the sociocultural model and the distribution of consumption model are also reviewed. A recent integrated model finds specific relationships between physical availability or the different types of outlets, with social area characteristics of different populations, and some four different alcohol problems, including cirrhosis, public drunk arrests, and misdemeanor and felony drunk driving arrests. Specific social area characteristics representing social class, minority status, and other structural features such as unemployment and women's labor force participation become implicated in alcohol problems independently of the effects of differing levels of availability. Additional related research on licensing and enforcement practices, beliefs, and attitudes of ABC personnel are also reviewed in relation to the general issue of availability. Other recent research on social and psychological dimensions of availability are also reviewed. Cross-sectional time series modeling is suggested as a technique for determining causal processes.
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PMID:The role of alcohol availability in alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. 639 May 54

Per capita consumption of alcohol rose steadily in the U.K. from 1970 to 1979, but fell by 11% between 1979 and 1982. This fall in consumption was followed by a 19% fall in first admissions for alcohol dependence, a 16% fall in drunkenness convictions, a 7% fall in drinking and driving convictions and a 4% fall in cirrhosis mortality. Between 1970 and 1982 there were highly significant (P less than 0.01) correlations between per capita consumption and convictions for drunkenness and drinking and driving, first admissions to hospital for alcohol dependence, and mortality from cirrhosis, pancreatitis and cancer of the oesophagus. These findings add weight to the argument that per capita consumption is the crucial variable determining the magnitude of the burden imposed on the community by the harmful effects of excessive drinking.
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PMID:The beneficial consequences of the United Kingdom's declining per capita consumption of alcohol in 1979-82. 653 63

In a prospective study of more than 10000 Yugoslav men it was found that consumption of alcoholic beverages was inversely related to non-sudden death from coronary heart disease (CHD) and positively related to death from trauma. The consequence was an apparently U-shaped relation between alcohol consumption and death, the lowest mortality being among moderate drinkers. Excess mortality from trauma was evident only among men under 55 and only for those who reported at entry to the study that they had been drunk during the preceding week. Alcohol consumption as reported at entry was unrelated to subsequent mortality from liver cirrhosis or any form of cancer. An enlarged liver, however, was associated with higher death rates for liver cirrhosis. This raises the possibility that some of the men were heavy drinkers preceding their entry to the study but were no longer drinking heavily at the time of entry. Enlarged liver, however, was also related to hypertension and to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and thus was not a specific indicator of alcohol abuse in this population. Recent drunkenness but not frequency of drinking was related to death from trauma and liver cirrhosis and to sudden CHD death. In short, both the pattern of drinking and the usual level of alcohol consumption appear to be related to mortality in this population.
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PMID:Drinking habits and death. The Yugoslavia cardiovascular disease study. 687 7

The traditional alcoholic beverages drunk by many South African blacks are prepared in iron drums, and, as a result, iron overload is common in this population. The typical pattern of iron distribution in such persons with severe iron overload is one in which the major deposits are in hepatocytes and the reticuloendothelial system. However, when cirrhosis is present, significant epithelial deposits are found in a number of organs. In the present study, the synovium of the knee joint was examined in 41 black subjects and synovial iron deposits, when present, were correlated with those in other organs. Significant amounts of iron in the synovial-lining cells were not found in any subject in whom the hepatic iron concentration was less than 1% dry weight. Heavy deposits, which were found in six of 19 subjects with concentrations above this figure, only occurred in those exhibiting cirrhosis and significant levels of histological iron in a number of epithelial tissues. Insofar as iron uptake is concerned, these findings suggest that there are cells within the synovium that have the functional characteristics of epithelial cells.
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PMID:Synovial iron deposits in black subjects with iron overload. 689 21

The purpose of this analysis was to study the proportion of deaths in the forensic autopsy service that occur in the absence of any witnesses and what is the incidence of the witnessed sudden and unexpected natural deaths. The material comprised all 799 adult males (25--64 years) autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine University of Helsinki in 1976. In 350 (43.8%) cases the deceased was found dead. Of these unwitnessed deaths 205 were due to various non-natural causes whereas 125 were due to diseases. The incidence of unwitnessed natural death in the province of Uusimaa from which the autopsies came was 45.1 and that of witnessed instant (death within 10 minutes) natural death 33.2 per 100 000 of the respective male population, corresponding to 6.2% and 4.5% of all natural deaths of males in this age group. Cardiovascular and especially ischaemic heart diseases comprised the major proportion of all unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths, whereas pneumonia was the leading category in the remaining cases. Quite often (17.4%) chronic alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver or moderate alcohol intoxication were recorded as contributing factors to the unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths from cardiovascular and other diseases.
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PMID:Sudden and unexpected natural deaths of adult males. An analysis of 799 forensic autopsies in 1976. 720 23


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