Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of various compounds which modulated the intracellular signal transduction on the induction of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by recombinant human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) were investigated using K562, chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Class I or class II MHC antigens were not expressed in untreated K562 cells and rIFN-gamma (600 units/ml) weakly induced class I antigens on the cells. Among the compounds tested, verapamil but not the calcium ionophore A23187 enhanced the rIFN-gamma-induced class I antigen expression at both the surface molecule and mRNA levels and enhancement by verapamil occurred in a dose-dependent manner at non-toxic concentrations examined (approximately 50 microM). Verapamil alone had no inducible effect on MHC antigen expression. Deprivation of Ca2+ in culture medium by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) could not cause an enhancement of class I antigen induction by rIFN-gamma. Simultaneous exposure of K562 cells to rIFN-gamma (600 units/ml) and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF; 1000 units/ml) in combination with verapamil (50 microM) resulted in a further increase of class I antigens in the cells. The expressions of c-myc oncogene in K562 cells were not changed when the cells were treated with rIFN-gamma (600 units/ml) or verapamil (50 microM), either alone or in combination. These results indicate that verapamil synergistically interacts with rIFN-gamma on the class I antigen induction in K562 cells irrespective of c-myc gene expression and that class I antigen induction in this cell line may not be relevant to calcium influx triggered by IFN-gamma.
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PMID:Effect of verapamil on the class I major histocompatibility complex antigen expression in K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells treated with recombinant human interferon-gamma. 151 24

In vitro data suggest a synergistic antiproliferative effect of different cytokines. In four clinical studies chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients were treated with interferon (IFN)-alpha alone or IFN-alpha combined with either low-dose IFN-gamma or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The best response was achieved in previously untreated patients with good prognostic factors and highest tolerable IFN dose for maintenance treatment. Breakpoint localization within the major breakpoint cluster region did not correlate with response to IFN. In a randomized study of IFN-alpha versus IFN-alpha combined with IFN-gamma, no differences in response rates were observed. Patients with primary or secondary resistance to these treatment modalities received a combination therapy with IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha. In these patients, a decrease in leukocyte counts was noted, but no cytogenetic improvement occurred.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia with different cytokines. 155 80

We have previously shown that maturing neoplastic cells from patients with stable phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (SP CML) constitutively produce granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and are also receptive for this molecule. G-CSF functions as an endogenous growth factor in SP CML, and thus is responsible for divisions in maturing leukemic cells leading to an expansion of the compartment of mature cells. In the investigations to be reported below, the effects of various hematopoietic inhibitor molecules on the expression of the G-CSF gene by SP CML bone marrow cells enriched for promyelocytes/myelocytes were examined at the mRNA and protein level. We show that exposure of SP CML bone marrow promyelocytes/myelocytes to recombinant human (rh) interferon (IFN)-gamma but not to rh IFN-alpha, rh tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and rh lymphotoxin (LT) leads to downregulation of G-CSF expression and interruption of the G-CSF-mediated endogenous growth stimulation. The action of G-CSF takes place at the posttranscriptional level and involves an acceleration of decay of steady-state levels of G-CSF transcripts in the malignant cell population.
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PMID:Gamma-interferon interrupts growth stimulation in chronic myelogenous leukemia established by endogenous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 170 Feb 39

Recent in vitro studies indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal elements, residing in close proximity to hematopoietic cell populations, elaborate a network of cytokines that are, at least partially, responsible for modulating the growth and maturation of the latter compartment. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a molecule with both positive and negative regulatory activities, has been implicated in murine embryogenesis and hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that cultured normal human bone marrow stromal cells constitutively express LIF message. Further, exposure of these cells to other hematopoietic modulators including interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (but not interferon-alpha [IFN alpha]) increases the level of LIF RNA. Interestingly, cultured stromal cells derived from three of four patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia showed enhanced LIF expression. These observations suggest that LIF may participate, either alone or through interaction with other cytokines, in the bone marrow microenvironment-mediated influence on both normal and malignant hematopoietic processes.
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PMID:Constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor RNA by human bone marrow stromal cells and modulation by IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta. 170 8

We investigated the effect of recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) on the in vitro growth of human leukemia cells in liquid culture and 3H-thymidine incorporation and found inhibitory effects on the growth of leukemic cells from patients with Ph1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph1 ALL) and three Ph1 ALL cell lines. However, no inhibitory effects were seen in Ph1-positive leukemic cell lines derived from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis and various types of Ph1-negative leukemia cells, including B-lineage leukemia cells. In a flow cytometry assay of IL-4 receptor (IL-4R), all three Ph1-positive ALL cell lines showed the presence of IL-4R on their cell surfaces, and the IL-4-dependent inhibition on the growth of Ph1-positive ALL cells was abrogated by the addition of either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against rhIL-4. Other cytokines, including IL-2, IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), granulocyte-CSF, and IL-6, showed no inhibitory effects on the growth of Ph1-ALL cells, but tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon (IFN)-alpha, -beta, and -gamma displayed slight inhibitory effects in a high concentration. The growth inhibition induced by rhIL-4 in the Ph1-positive ALL cells was not abrogated by the addition of antibodies against either IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha. Furthermore, these cells showed no significant production of IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma or TNF-alpha after exposure to rhIL-4, thus indicating that the growth inhibition of Ph1-positive ALL cells by rhIL-4 is not associated with IL-4-stimulating production of these factors. rhIL-4 caused significant inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity in these Ph1-positive ALL cells, similar to Herbimycin A, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase that inhibited the tyrosine kinase activity in these cells. Our finding suggests that the clinical evaluation of rhIL-4 may offer promising therapeutic possibilities for patients with Ph1-positive ALL.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of interleukin-4 on the in vitro growth of Ph1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. 188 23

Previous studies have revealed a consistent defect in the cycling behavior of primitive neoplastic progenitor cells in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This is manifested both in vivo and in long-term cultures of CML cells as an increased rate of turnover amongst Ph1-positive progenitor cell types whose counterparts in normal individuals are mainly quiescent. To determine whether this deregulated proliferative activity of primitive Ph1-positive cells might be explained by a perturbation in the production of growth factors that regulate the turnover of primitive normal cells, the possibility of either autocrine or paracrine mechanisms of Ph1-positive cell stimulation was investigated. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA extracted from various CML blood cell populations showed no evidence of increased expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-3, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) compared with analogous normal peripheral blood cell populations in which transcripts for most of these growth factors are not detectable. A similar analysis of RNA extracted from the adherent layer of 4-week-old long-term cultures established from CML marrow (in which the Ph1-positive cells typically disappear) or from CML blood seeded onto normal marrow adherent layers (in which Ph1-positive cells typically persist) also revealed no difference in growth factor production compared with analogous cultures established with exclusively normal cells. For some of the growth factors studied, the assessment of bioactivity detectable in the medium confirmed the RNA data. There was also no evidence of a decreased production of putative inhibitors of primitive hematopoietic cells, i.e. transforming growth factor-beta and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha by CML versus normal cells or cultures. These results do not support the existence of BCR-ABL induced autocrine or paracrine mechanisms in CML and suggest that constitutive activation of events normally dependent on growth factor receptor stimulation is more likely to underlie the lack of proliferation control exhibited by primitive Ph1-positive cells.
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PMID:Lack of evidence for abnormal autocrine or paracrine mechanisms underlying the uncontrolled proliferation of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia progenitor cells. 196 Oct 20

Study of growth factor RNA levels in the stromal cells derived from the adherent layer of long-term bone marrow culture demonstrated constitutive expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These cells did not express granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL) 1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-3, and IL-6. However, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression could be induced by recombinant human IL-1 beta; while IL-6 could be induced by both IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. No differences could be detected between adherent layers established from normal and benign phase Ph1 chronic myelogenous leukemia bone marrow. The uninduced expression of TGF-beta 1, a potent hematopoietic cell growth inhibitor, suggests that stromal cells play an inherent role in regulating the proliferation of adjacent bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. However, a defect in stromal TGF-beta 1 production cannot account for the profoundly expanded myeloid compartment in chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. In contrast to the constitutive expression of TGF-beta 1 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, hematopoietic growth factors are only expressed following a proper stimulation.
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PMID:Constitutive and induced expression of growth factors in normal and chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia Ph1 bone marrow stroma. 220 22

Lymphokines represent a new group of substances that have engendered increasing interest in the context of cancer therapy. They are products of the lymphoid system that can now be produced in pure form as a consequence of advances in gene cloning technology. alpha-Interferon has been tested in clinical trials for several years, and has been found effective in the treatment of patients with hairy cell leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS) and renal cell cancer. Interleukin-2 has shown impressive antitumor activity in patients with melanoma or renal cell cancer, particularly in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells, although at very high doses with correspondingly severe toxicity. The clinical testing of tumor necrosis factor is in an early stage. The introduction of this class of agents has opened new perspectives for cancer therapy.
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PMID:[Interferons, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor. New approaches to cancer therapy]. 243 34

Only the recent production of large amounts of highly purified recombinant interferons has made it possible to elucidate precisely the in vitro and in vivo effect of alpha- and gamma-interferon. Interferon-alpha has significantly widened the treatment modalities for some rare tumors such as hairy cell leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Although treatment results in solid tumors are disappointing, tumor regression greater than 50% is achieved in 15-25% of patients with hypernephroma or melanoma, cancers highly resistant to cytotoxic drugs. The solid tumors must be treated with high doses of interferon-alpha which causes severe side effects. Interferon-induced toxicity can be reduced by continuous subcutaneous infusion. Interferon-alpha is also used for the treatment of viral diseases such as chronic hepatitis-B, as well as for patients with AIDS and Kaposi sarcoma. Other virus infections such as herpes simplex and condylomata acuminata represent the few established indications for treatment with interferon-beta. Interferon-gamma has distinct immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, although the clinical significance of this potential has not yet been established. Thus far the treatment results in tumor patients have been poor. The future will show if the combination of interferons with other biological response modifiers, such as tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-2, or with cytotoxic drugs, brings further progress in cancer treatment.
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PMID:[Possibilities and limits of the use of interferons in the clinic]. 247 77

Most Hodgkin's mononuclear cells and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells are characterized by the expression of the antigen CD30, but not of T or B cell markers. A few H-RS cells, however, may express a limited number of T or B cell markers. Whether this expression is sufficient to allow the conclusion that H-RS cells are derived from T and/or B cells has been debated vigorously. The present study examined whether CD30 and aberrant T and B cell markers are expressed in cell lines that are well documented as being derived from the granulocyte/monocyte/histiocyte lineage. These cells included HL-60, KG-1, ML-1, THP-1, and U-937. Four other cell lines derived from patients with leukemias/lymphomas of monocytic or granulocytic origins also were studied. These cells included BV173, CML-Brown, CTV-2, and SU-DHL-1. If aberrant expression is detected, by analogy one may expect that rare T or B cell marker expression may occur in H-RS cells, because abundant evidence has indicated that H-RS cells may be related to cells in histiocyte lineage. In all nine of the cell lines studied, it was confirmed that numerous monocyte/granulocyte markers were expressed. The marker expression was enhanced after cells were induced to differentiate with phorbol ester (TPA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It was noted that several T and B cell markers also were expressed by these cells. Unlike the expression of monocyte/granulocyte markers, the expression of T or B cell markers was not affected, or only minimally affected, by treatment of the cells with TPA or TNF. Five of the cell lines (BV173, CML-Brown, CTV-2, SU-DHL-1, and THP-1) were shown to be CD30-positive. In CTV-2 and BV173, the expression of CD30 was greatly increased after induction with phorbol ester or TNF. Based on these studies, the following conclusions were reached: 1) The expression of aberrant B or T cell markers is not an uncommon finding in granulocyte/monocyte/histiocyte-related neoplastic cells. 2) The expression of granulocyte/monocyte markers in these cells is related to the state of cell differentiation, whereas the expression of T or B cell markers is not. 3) CD30 is not necessarily a proliferation-related antigen, and its expression is not a sole property of T or B cells, but can be present in granulocyte/monocyte/histiocyte-related cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Aberrant expression of T cell and B cell markers in myelocyte/monocyte/histiocyte-derived lymphoma and leukemia cells. Is the infrequent expression of T/B cell markers sufficient to establish a lymphoid origin for Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cells? 249 2


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