Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper summarizes data on the activity of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase which contribute to purine nucleotide degradation. The enzyme activity was studied in leukocytes of varying degree of differentiation obtained from 29 cases with chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 19 patients with acute phase of the disease and from blasts of 32 cases with CML-associated blast crisis. In CML patients, lymphocytes of leukemic clones showed various levels of activity of the enzymes. Myeloid and lymphoid blast crises proved biochemically heterogeneous. The possibility to establish the nature of blast crisis in CML on the basis of profile of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in blasts is discussed.
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PMID:[Enzymatic markers in chronic myeloleukemia and their importance for identifying a blast crisis]. 212 93

Total adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities were measured in cell samples from 13 cases of de novo acute leukemia and from three cases of chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CMLBC). These cases could be separated into lymphoid and nonlymphoid types on the basis of enzyme activity, with two misclassifications. However, PNP activity added little or no discriminatory information. Analysis for expression of the various molecular weight (mol wt) ADA isozymes, ADA1 (40 Kd) and ADA2 (110 Kd), revealed that ADA2 was expressed exclusively in nonlymphoid cells whereas ADA1 was found in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell types. Identification of ADA2 divided these leukemia cases into lymphoid and nonlymphoid types with no misclassifications (P = .0002; Fisher's exact test). Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) with a monocytic component tended to have a greater percentage of ADA2 than ANLL without a monocytic component. These studies suggest that ADA2 may be a novel biochemical marker for an immature nonlymphoid cell.
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PMID:Differential expression of adenosine deaminase isozymes in acute leukemia. 314 Sep 11

Three enzymes concerned in purine degradation, 5'nucleotidase (5'NT), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) have been measured biochemically in the bone marrow or peripheral blood blasts from 75 patients with acute leukaemia, from 18 patients with blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia and in the bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 normal donors. Characteristic patterns among the different sub-types of acute leukaemia have been detected, with high ADA, low 5'NT and PNP in Thy-ALL, high 5'NT and ADA in c-ALL, high PNP and low ADA in AML. The cells in CGL blast transformation resembled the enzymatic pattern of either AML or c-ALL respectively. However, no significant correlation was found between any pair of enzymes in any group of leukaemia, normal bone marrow or peripheral blood lymphocytes studied here.
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PMID:5'nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in acute leukaemia. 629 84

Peripheral blood or bone marrow of 24 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were characterized for their surface membrane marker profiles using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Purine metabolism enzyme activities were compared with membrane immunophenotype and cytochemical stains. CML subtypes were correlated with the expression of surface membrane antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies. On the basis of immunophenotyping we found the following characteristic marker profiles: In stable phase of CML (CML-SP)-CD15, CD11b, CDw65, CD13, in accelerated phase of CML (CML-AP)-CD15, CDw65, CD11b, CD13 and CD33, in myeloid blastic phase of CML(CML-BP-M)-CD13, CD33, HLA-DR, CD11b, CD15, CDw65, in myeloid and lymphoid (mixed) blastic phase of CML (CML-BP-M+L)-CD13, CD33, CD34, HLA-DR, CD11b, CD10 and in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)-CD14, CDw65, CD11b, CD33 and HLA-DR. Analysis of purine metabolism enzyme activities showed that there was a correlation between the values of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and various types of CML. ADA levels in CML-SP, CML-AP and CMML were comparable with those in normal cells. In CML-BP-M, which represents proliferation of less mature myeloid cells (similar to less mature AML subtypes), ADA activity increased and PNP activity decreased. ADA activity was significantly different between control group and CML-BP-M (p < 0.01), between CML-SP and CML-BP-M (p < 0.05). The values of PNP activity were the highest in stable phase of CML (125 pkat. 10(-6) cells) and the lowest (23 pkat.10(-6) cells) in CML-BP-M+L. PNP activity in the other groups corresponded to control values. High ADA/PNP ratio was found in CML-BP-M and CML-BP-M+L (0.7 and 2.0, respectively) in comparison to CML-SP (0.2). It follows from our results that ADA/PNP ratio enables to discriminate between stable and blast phases of CML (p < 0.01). The level of the cytochemical enzymes (CHAE, MPO, SBB, ANAE and 5' NT) varied and reflected the degree of cell differentiation and maturation. CHAE and MPO were characteristic enzymes for CML, ANBE for CMML and 5' NT for CML-BP-lymphoid.
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PMID:Chronic myeloid leukemia: correlation between purine metabolism enzyme activities and membrane immunophenotype. 761 76

The content of nuclear high mobility group (HMG) proteins, activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and also glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and composition were studied in leukocytes of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the phase of blast crisis (BC CML). Myeloid and lymphoid cytochemical variants of BC CML differ by biochemical parameters. It is suggested, that the content of HMG-proteins, activities of ODC and PNP, and electrophoretic patterns of GAGs could be used in diagnostics of two main variants of BC CML.
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PMID:[Certain biochemical features of leukocytes in blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia]. 970 28

Recently, the search for more effective and safer antineoplastic agents has led to synthesis and introduction into preclinical and clinical studies of a few new purine nucleoside analogues (PNA). Three of them: clofarabine (CAFdA), nelarabine, and forodesine (immucillin H, BCX-1777), despite belonging to the same group of drugs such as PNA, have shown some differences concerning their active forms, metabolic properties and mechanism of action. However, all these drugs have demonstrated promising activity in patients with relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CAFdA was approved for the therapy of relapsed or refractory ALL in the third line of treatment. It has proved promising in pediatric patients as well as in some patients who are able to proceed to allogenic hematopietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Moreover, the drug exhibits an efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML-BP) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Nelarabine is recommended for T-ALL and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) with the overall response rates ranging from 11 to 60%. However, the use of the drug is limited by potentially severe neurotoxicity. Forodesine is a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor and it has shown activity in relapsed and refractory T- and B-cells leukemias as well as in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Recently patented, a few of inventions in the field of pharmaceutical preparation of new PNA have also been published. Great hopes are currently set on the use of these drugs in the treatment of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies in adult and in pediatric patients, however ongoing studies will help to define their role in the standard therapy.
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PMID:Novel purine nucleoside analogues for hematological malignancies. 1853 55