Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase, G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D-gluconate: NADP oxidoreductase, 6PGD), hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, Hx), lactate dehydrogenase (D-lactate: NAD oxidoreductase, LDH). glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (L-aspartate: 2 oxoglutarate aminotransferase, GOT) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) were measured at 8 a.m. in leucocytes of healthy individuals and patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia and polycythaemia vera. In view of the heterogeneity of the leucocyte populations in these conditions, the enzyme activities were correlated to the number of immature cells in CML and to the percentage of lymphocytes in CLL. No differences in the enzyme activities were found between the white cells of healthy individuals, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia and polycythaemia vera. In CML the activities of all enzymes except GOT correlated directly with the number of immature cells; an inverse correlation with the number of lymphocytes was observed in CLL. GOT was the only enzyme whose activity correlated with the number of lymphocytes in the cell suspension. Furthermore, a significantly higher activity of this enzyme was found in Ficoll-isolated CLL lymphocytes as compared to normal lymphocytes.
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PMID:Blood leucocyte enzymes. II. Activities at 8-9 a.m. in cells of normal subjects, chronic lymphatic leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia patients. 105 70

Studies with G6PD and molecular probes indicate that the myeloid leukemias and the chronic myeloproliferative disorders are clonal diseases. The G6PD data indicate that chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia involve stem cells pluripotent for granulocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes and lymphocytes. Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is also a clonal disease that involves multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. However, myelofibrosis, the predominant clinical manifestation, occurs secondarily and is not a component of the abnormal clonal proliferation. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is a clonal disease, but G6PD studies suggest that there are at least two forms of this leukemia. In one type of ANL, the involved stem cells exhibit pluripotent differentiative expression. In another type of ANL, differentiative expression is largely restricted to the granulocytic pathway. The heterogeneity of ANL has both clinical and pathogenetic implications.
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PMID:Stem cell origin of human myeloid blood cell neoplasms. 170 32

Involvement of marrow fibroblasts in myeloproliferative disorders such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is controversial. We examined the blood leukocytes and bone marrow fibroblasts of four patients with Philadelphia chromosome- (Ph1) positive CML for evidence of rearrangement in the breakpoint cluster region (BCR). Fibroblasts were obtained by growing bone marrow in long-term culture, disposing of nonadherent cells, and passaging three times before final trypsinization and analysis. DNA from fibroblasts and peripheral leukocytes was digested with Bg1II, Bc1I, EcoRI, and HindIII restriction endonucleases and hybridized to both 3' and 5' BCR probes. Southern blot analysis of the DNA from the peripheral leukocytes in all four patients demonstrated rearrangement in the BCR. However, analysis of DNA from marrow fibroblasts showed only the normal BCR restriction fragments in all patients. This study demonstrates the absence of the Ph1 -associated molecular events in the fibroblasts of patients with CML. It is consistent with previous studies using G6PD isoenzymes to show polyclonality in CML fibroblasts and with most cytogenetic studies that did not show the Ph1 in these cells. In summary, we present further evidence that involvement of CML fibroblasts is a secondary event in the leukemogenic process.
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PMID:Lack of breakpoint cluster region rearrangement in marrow fibroblasts of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. 323 81

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is a clonal disorder involving neutrophil, monocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet precursors. In order to determine if the eosinophils are also involved in the leukemic clone, we purified the eosinophils from a woman heterozygous for the common electrophoretic variants of the G6PD gene. Only type B enzyme was demonstrable in the eosinophils, neutrophils, and red cells, but both A and B enzymes were found in the fibroblasts. The data provide evidence that the eosinophil is involved in the malignant clone.
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PMID:Chronic myelocytic leukemia: eosinophils involved in the malignant clone. 692 13

Red cell enzymes were assayed in a total of 67 patient including 24 patients with AML (19 relapse, 5 remission), 16 patients with ALL (10 relapse, 6 remission), 22 patients with CML and 5 patients with blastic CML. Diagnosis of leukemia was based on clinical presentation, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination (as per FAB classification). PK activity was significantly high in case of CML and blastic CML (p<0.01). Red cell HK was high in all leukemia subtypes. There was no alteration in red cell G6PD. Notably there was no PK deficiency in AML or G6PD deficiency in ALL. Activities of G6PD and PK could be correlated in cases of CML, AML, (p<0.05) and ALL (p<0.01) i.e. when there was increased activity of G6PD, PK activity also tended to be higher. HK activity showed a positive correlation with PK and G6PD activity in cases of CML (p<0.05), however in acute leukemia there was no such correlation. Alteration of enzyme activities among red cells in leukemia occurred only during relapse. At the time of remission there has been no significant alteration in any of the enzyme activities. It would therefore, appear that enzyme alterations seen in leukemia patients is due to abnormal pluripotent stem cell that has given to a leukemia cell. The fact that enzyme alterations have primarily occurred at the time of relapse would further substantiate that abnormalities of red cell enzymes may be the result of a derivation some circulating red cells from the abnormal pluripotent stem cell. With the recovery of normal stem cells function during remission, enzyme abnormalities tend to become normal.
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PMID:Erythrocyte enzyme abnormalities in leukemias. 1690 93