Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal and pathologic reticulin networks colored black by silver nitrate can be automatically quantitated by electronic image analysis. By using this technique, different parameters can be obtained, such as the average density, the surface of network meshes, the thickness of the fibers, the complexity of the reticulum, and the heterogeneity of the myelofibrosis distribution. All of these parameters were obtained in 83 osteomedullar biopsies of blood diseases (primary splenomegaly, chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythermia vera, acute leukemia, and aplastic anemia). We have shown that there is no relation between the different parameters obtained and the medullary richness, hematopoietic center, or patient survival. On the other hand, the histomorphometric parameters can be used to distinguish acute leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia myelofibrosis, while the parameters in primary splenomegaly are shown to be very heterogeneous.
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PMID:[Quantitation of myelofibrosis in blood diseases by electronic image analysis (author's transl)]. 29 Sep 75

Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) was applied to air-dried peripheral and bone marrow smears of normal subjects and leukemic patients. Specimens were fixed in buffered acetone formalin. Even in smears kept for 2 years at room temperature, the stainability of Ag-NOR was well preserved. By dipping Giemsa-stained smears in 5% trichloracetic acid and then placing them in methanol for 5 minutes, the stain was leached out. After the dye had been removed, the smears were clearly stained by a Ag-NOR staining technique. The mean number of Ag-NOR per nucleus of mature granulocytes and mononuclear cells in normal peripheral bloods was 0.59 and 1.43 respectively. The mean number of Ag-NOR per nucleus of peripheral and bone marrow leukemic cells from patients with acute leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic crisis was 2.32 and 2.66 respectively. On the other hand, the mean number of Ag-NOR per nucleus of peripheral leukemic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was 1.48. These results suggest that acute leukemia cells possess a more active proliferating potential. The Ag-NOR staining technique is very simple and might be useful for investigation of hematologic cells.
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PMID:[Application of nucleolar organizer region staining technique to air-dried blood smears]. 169 69

The activity of nucleolar organizer (NO) in megakaryocytes (MG) from 8 donors, 10 patients with immune thrombocytopenias (IT), 17 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and 14 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) was studied by silver staining. The average number of nucleoli in MG of normal donors comprised 21.8 per nucleus with a range from 16.6 to 33.7. It was significantly lower in MG of CML patients, and, on the contrary, it was higher in MG of IT patients. The average number of Ag grains per nucleus reflecting their activity in relation to ribosomal RNA synthesis was found to be the highest (127 +/- 32.1) in MG of IT patients but rather low (43.2 +/- 7.2) in CML patients as compared to those of the control (76.5 +/- 11.1) and MM patients (86.0 +/- 5.6). The differences in the functional state of MG in varying diseases as well as possibilities of using this new approach in hematology have been discussed.
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PMID:[Morpho-functional characteristics of normal and pathological human megakaryocytes studied by selective silver staining of cell nucleoli]. 170 32

A cytochemical technique with silver nitrate staining was used to study the nucleolar organizer activity in metaphase spread of bone marrow cells from 13 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 11 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 7 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and 4 normal persons. Additionally, computer-assisted image analysis was used to quantitate the amount of silver staining in interphase nuclei of bone marrow cells from 6 untreated ALL patients, 3 normal subjects and 1 bone-marrow-transplant recipient. The results obtained have indicated that the nucleolar organizer reactivity (NOR) is significantly lower in the control group than that in ALL patients. NOR activity level is significantly lower in both CML patients in chronic phase, and AML patients than in the ALL group, and is similar to that in the control group. When the data obtained for the interphase nuclei were compared with those obtained for the metaphase spread, a strong correlation was recorded between the fraction of bone-marrow metaphases stained positively with silver, the average number of silver-positive nucleolar organizer regions per metaphase, and the amount of silver staining in the interphase nuclei. Silver staining used for the detection of these disease-related differences in NOR activity can serve as a diagnostic procedure in evaluating human leukemias. The computer-assisted image analysis of bone marrow cell interphase nuclei would be useful for more accurate resolving biological and medical problems.
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PMID:[Various activities of the nucleolus organizer region in normal and leukemic bone marrow cells: semiquantitative data and computer- assisted image analysis by silver staining]. 170 34

A morphometric study was performed on trephine biopsies of bone marrow in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accompanied by myelofibrosis and in so-called primary (idiopathic) osteomyelofibrosis/-sclerosis (OMF) to evaluate distinctive features of megakaryopoiesis. The periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS) and a monoclonal antibody against glycoprotein IIIa were employed for the identification of megakaryocytes including precursor cells and Gomori's silver impregnation to determine the density of argyrophilic fibers. All patients with CML revealed a slight to moderate degree of medullary fibrosis and were compared with early hyperplastic stages of OMF showing an identical fiber count. Statistical analysis disclosed that distinctive features existed between these two subgroups. Amongst these variables were sizes of megakaryocytes and corresponding nuclei, frequency of bare nuclei, emperipolesis and numbers of isolated nuclear fragments as well as the circular deviation of cell and nuclear perimeters. Immunomorphometry also included immature elements (pro- and megakaryoblasts) of the megakaryocyte series. Consequently higher cell counts were calculable in both groups combined with smaller sizes and a more rounded aspect of nuclei. However, following immunostaining, significant differences in several megakaryocytic parameters (frequency, size, shape of nuclei) were still demonstrable between CML and OMF cases.
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PMID:Histo- and immunomorphometry of megakaryopoiesis in chronic myeloid leukemia with myelofibrosis and so-called primary (idiopathic) osteo-myelofibrosis/-sclerosis. 227 69

Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR) in bone marrow cells and/or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes were compared between six normal healthy persons as controls and 22 Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) patients, to examine if any disease associated changes occur in the expression of Ag-NOR. Although the frequency of Ag-NOR-positive cells and the number of Ag-NOR per cell were generally greater in lymphocytes than in bone marrow cells in both controls and CML patients, the Ag-stainability of these cell types in CML patients was considerably heterogeneous, compared with that found in controls. The peripheral lymphocytes of CML patients in the chronic phase, but not in the blastic phase, exhibited a significantly lowered Ag-stainability when compared with those of controls. while no such difference was observed between bone marrow cells of controls and leukemia patients in both phases of CML. In the blastic phase, however, the occurrence of Ag-NOR on the Ph of CML bone marrow cells was significantly less than expected. The present findings are discussed in relation to the existing data on the Ag-NOR expression in both normal and neoplastic cells.
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PMID:Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions in bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia patients. 242 90

To test if rRNA gene activity in the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome nucleolar organizing regions (NOR) differs from other NOR we scored silver banding patterns in leukemic cells of 32 patients (one patient was sampled twice) in the chronic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia. The average number of bands per NOR in banded cells of these patients was 0.40 +/- 0.06 for the Ph NOR, not significantly different from the 0.41 +/- 0.02 per D chromosome NOR or the 0.41 +/- 0.04 per G. Across the 33 cases, the number of different Ph NOR banded in at least one cell (23 of 33, 70%) was also closely similar to the cumulative maximum number of chromosome D NOR banded per cell (137 of 198 banded, 69%) and G NOR banded (67 of 99, 67%). We conclude that the activity of rRNA genes in Ph NOR is closely similar to that of the other nine NOR in each CGL cell. In situ hybridization of 3H-labeled complementary rRNA to NOR of two patients revealed that the mean number of Ph NOR grains fell within the range of the other NOR. Also, grain distributions across the NOR of leukemic cells closely matched those of stimulated lymphocytes. Thus, a limited sampling has shown no evidence for consistent differences or changes in the rRNA gene number of Ph NOR.
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PMID:Silver bands in chronic granulocytic leukemia. II. The Philadelphia chromosome. 243 23

A cytochemical technique that uses silver nitrate staining has been used to study the nucleolus organizer activity in bone marrow cells from 13 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 11 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 7 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and 4 healthy persons. Our results indicate that the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) activity was significantly lower in the control group than in the ALL patients. The NOR activity level was significantly lower in both the CML patients in chronic phase and the AML patients than in the ALL group and similar to the control group. These disease-related differences in NOR activity as detected by silver staining can be used as diagnostic procedure in evaluating human leukemias.
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PMID:Differential nucleolus organizer activity in normal and leukemic bone marrow. 246 25

The specificity of the basic bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) for gram-negative bacteria is attributable to its strong attraction for the negatively charged envelope LPS. The antibacterial activity of PMN homogenates or extracts toward Escherichia coli corresponds to their BPI content and is blocked by anti-BPI IgG, suggesting that BPI action is unaffected by the presence of other PMN proteins. To test if BPI is preferentially bound to E. coli when other antibacterial proteins are present, we have measured binding in buffered (pH 7.5) balanced salts solution of [125I] human BPI to E. coli J5 in the presence and absence of other human PMN granule proteins. BPI binding is saturable with an apparent K = 23 nM and 2.2 million binding sites/cell. While binding of [125I] human BPI is competitively inhibited by human or rabbit BPI, it is only weakly inhibited by myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, or cathepsin G. In contrast, myeloperoxidase binding to E. coli is strongly inhibited by BPI. Moreover, incubation of E. coli with crude extracts of PMN or CML spleen results in near quantitative binding of BPI, identified by silver staining and immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE of the washed E. coli pellet, without recognizable binding of other leukocyte proteins (greater than 98% of added total protein is recovered in supernatant). After addition of 200 mM MgCl2, approximately 80% of bound BPI is released as fully active and pure protein (as judged by SDS-PAGE and HPLC). Thus the selective and reversible binding of BPI in crude PMN extracts to target bacteria provides a one-step "affinity" purification procedure.
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PMID:Preferential binding of the neutrophil cytoplasmic granule-derived bactericidal/permeability increasing protein to target bacteria. Implications and use as a means of purification. 253 11

The activity of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in chromosomes and interphase nuclei of bone marrow (BM) cells from 21 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), including seven patients at the time of blastic crisis (BC), has been studied with silver nitrate staining. The average numbers of Ag-NOR per metaphase in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with CML and normal individuals were 7.1 +/- 0.3 and 7.4 +/- 0.1, respectively, indicating no statistical difference between them. Those in BM cells from patients with CML, as in the normal donors, were more heterogeneous compared to PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, and most of the metaphases (up to 67%) did not contain silver-stained NORs. The average number of Ag-positive NORs in BM mitoses from untreated patients in the chronic phases of CML and from those in the BC were similar (4.9 +/- 0.3 and 4.8 +/- 0.4, respectively). As for NORs of the Ph chromosome, they were Ag-positive in the majority of patients, including 9 of 14 in the chronic phase and 3 of 7 in the BC. This article contains some data in support of the authors' previous assumption regarding the correlation between BM Ag-NOR patterns and the degree of maturity of the cells tested in mitosis.
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PMID:The activity of nucleolar organizer regions of human bone marrow cells studied with silver staining. I. Chronic myelocytic leukemia. 257 28


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