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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Backscattered Electron Imaging (BEI) is a particular technique which permits to study cytochemical reactions with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The BEI data pertaining to specific enzymatic activities can be directly correlated to the surface morphology of each individual cell. Leukocytes from 5 normal individuals, 14 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL), 7 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and 3 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were studied for myeloperoxidase activity, acid phosphatase localization, silver staining of the nuclei and phagocytosis of iron carbonyl in the BEI mode of SEM. Some normal peripheral blood leukocytes which cannot be distinguished by their surface morphology alone were satisfactorily identified with the BEI technique. Leukaemic myeloid cells can be recognized in many cases because of their positive myeloperoxidase reaction, while monocytic elements can be characterized by the presence of surface ruffles, acid phosphatase activity and active phagocytosis. The usefulness of the BEI technique in identifying different blood cell types with the SEM and its possible application to the diagnosis of certain cases of leukaemia are discussed.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscope cytochemistry of normal and leukaemic leukocytes. 632 37

There is evidence that polymorphonuclear granulocytes release neutral proteinases such as elastase (E) and cathepsin G in the course of acute leukemia. These proteinases may inactivate clotting factors by unspecific degradation before they are eliminated via complex formation with endogenous inhibitors, e.g. the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). In this study it was attempted to correlate plasma levels of the E-alpha 1-PI complex with factor XIII and antithrombin III in acute leukemia. Using a newly developed, sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay the concentration of E-alpha 1-PI in patients with various types of leukemia, malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma was determined. Only patients with acute myelocytic or promyelocytic leukemia (AML, APL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia with and without blastic transformation (CML) showed moderate to high levels of E-alpha 1-PI (2- to 20-fold of normal). However, coagulation factor concentration observed in the different types of leukemia seemed to be independent of elastase liberation. Most of the AML-patients with elevated E-alpha 1-PI levels showed peroxidase positive blood cell smears.
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PMID:Plasma levels of human granulocytic elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex (E-alpha 1-PI) in leukemia. 637 1

Several conditions for the immunoperoxidase staining on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were surveyed in leukemic cells. Fixation of the slides in methanol containing 0.03% hydrogen peroxide for 30 min obliterated endogenous peroxidase completely. Pretreatment of the slides with normal goat serum diminished nonspecific staining effectively. Replacement of rabbit anti-TdT serum with non-immune rabbit IgG gave negative staining in the slides from TdT+ cases. The presence or the absence of TdT and % TdT+ cells determined by this method were in concordance with those assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) or by biochemical assay. Therefore, the immunoperoxidase staining provides an easy and dependable method to survey TdT by bright-field microscopy. The peroxidase+ small granules were detected in the nucleus of the blasts from TdT+ ALL cases. However, in two of four cases with CML in blast crisis peroxidase+ granules were distributed in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. This finding suggests that blasts of some CML cases in blast crisis have phenotypic characteristics similar to some population of TdT+ cells in thymocytes.
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PMID:Detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive leukemia cells by an immunoperoxidase staining. 637 13

Among the most striking morphological features of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL) is the occurrence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions known as Auer rods on Auer bodies. We examined immature myeloid cells from the peripheral blood of 9 human fetuses of 16-19 wk gestation for the presence of such structures. Five of these 9 samples contained cytoplasmic inclusions, which were identical to the Auer rods typically seen in blast cells from patients with ANLL. The incidence of positive cells was low (1-5 cells/10,000 cells surveyed). The inclusions were azurophilic with Wright-Giemsa staining and were cytochemically positive with peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and Sudan black staining. We observed no inclusions in identically prepared control myeloid cells from the bone marrow of 5 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission and 3 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in stable phase. Nor were they present in peripheral blood myeloid cells of 10 normal adults. Myeloid precursors in long-term bone marrow culture from 2 normal adult donors did not develop the inclusions during 24 hr of incubation with prostaglandin F2 (the abortifacient). These observations suggest that Auer rod formation is an occasional but normal phenomenon in fetal hematopoiesis.
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PMID:Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in fetal leukocytes: are Auer bodies a recapitulation of fetal morphology? 657 80

Between January 1980 and May 1981, 1966 marrow or blood samples from leukaemia patients were tested for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) using nuclear immunofluorescence. The cells were also tested with a panel of immunological markers including monoclonal antibodies. Of 869 TdT positive cases detected, 555 were diagnosed as ALL and 32 as blast crisis of CGL; 226 were provisionally diagnosed as 'acute leukaemia' and finally diagnosed as ALL partly on the basis of immunological data; 56 TdT+ cases were provisionally diagnosed as acute non-lymphocytic or myeloid leukaemia; 266 cases of AML and 177 cases of CGL in blast crisis were TdT negative. Eleven of the above 'AML' cases were anti-cALL+ as well as TdT+ and were re-diagnosed and treated successfully as cALL. The remaining 45 were anti-cALL negative and finally diagnosed and treated, at least initially, as AML. Eleven of these cases had only 5-10% TdT+ cells which could have been normal, non-myeloid cells. Twenty cases had 11-50% TdT+ cells and 14 cases had 50-100% TdT+ cells. Of these latter two groups, details on 28 patients were available for evaluation. Three cases on review had no definitive myeloid cytochemistry and were haematologically AUL with a null-ALL phenotype (TdT+ DR+ cALL-). In 14 cases there was a large overlap (greater than 75%) of the proportion of cells with myeloid cytochemistry (Sudan black, peroxidase or esterases) and TdT; individual blast cells were therefore expressing these markers concurrently. In the remaining cases, mixtures of TdT negative myeloid and TdT+ (lymphoid?) cells may have coexisted although this was not proven unequivocally. Twenty-two cases of newly diagnosed TdT+ 'AML' received induction chemotherapy for AML (DAT regime) and only six (37%) obtained a complete remission. It is concluded that TdT positive 'myeloid' leukaemias do occur, albeit infrequently (approx. 5%) and may have a relatively poor prognosis.
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PMID:Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in acute myeloid leukaemia. 657 72

Two new human myeloid cell lines, PL-21 and KCL-22, were established from acute promyelocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia, respectively. PL-21 was positive to peroxidase staining and differentiated into mature myeloid cells in vitro. KCL-22 had Ph1 chromosomes and differentiated into granulocytes in vivo.
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PMID:Two new human myeloid cell lines derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia. 657 61

A case of typical chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is described, of which the terminal blast crisis was characterized by an impressive proliferation of atypical eosinophils and by the simultaneous complete deficiency of neutrophilic myeloperoxidase. Since eosinophilic cells preserved a strong peroxidase positivity, a high number of immature non-granular eosinophilic precursors could be recognized among the leukaemic blast cells, thus supporting the diagnosis of eosinophilic blast crisis of CML.
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PMID:Eosinophilic blast crisis in a case of chronic myeloid leukaemia. 657 9

Twenty-five cases of Ph1-positive acute leukemia (AL) are described, 13 presenting an acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 12 an acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). In 12 cases coarse, pink, peroxidase-negative cytoplasmic granules were found in the leukemic cells. These granules have not been described in Ph1-negative AL and their presence appears to be pathognomonic of Ph1-positive acute leukemia. The leukemias of three patients consisted of both lymphoid and myeloid clones while the cells of two patients had lymphoid and myeloid markers simultaneously present in the same cells. Cytogenetic studies were useful for monitoring response and some patients clearly acquired a Ph1-negative status during clinical remission. The disease appears to be more resistant to chemotherapy than Ph1-negative acute leukemia. While similar to chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in the Ph1 translocation, Ph1 AL differed from it both in age at presentation and response to therapy.
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PMID:Ph1-positive acute leukemia. 659 42

We report a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) associated with pronounced peripheral lymphadenopathy, with the cells having the philadelphia (Phl) chromosome and T-cell features. A 23-year-old man who was diagnosed as having CML and treated with busulfan was admitted to our hospital because of increasing hepatosplenomegaly and pronounced lymphadenopathy. An axillary lymph node biopsy disclosed that the malignant cells formed rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells (En) (95.0%) and were positive for Leu 1 (91.8%). Of the cytochemical reactions, peroxidase was negative and periodic acid-Shiff, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase were all positive. The karyotype of the bone marrow cells was 46 XY Phl positive (22q-), and that of the lymph node cells was 51 XY Phl positive +8, +9, +18, +19, +21, 22q-. He was treated with various anti-leukemic agents and irradiation. Despite such treatments, he died of pneumonia. This is a report of a CML patients with blast crisis and tumor formation characterized by T-cell features.
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PMID:Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia with tumor formation characterized by T-cell features--a case report. 660 8

A patient with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) entered a blast crisis localized to lymph nodes. On light microscopy, by morphology and histochemical staining, the blasts were undifferentiated. In spite of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity, some of the lymph node cells expressed a myeloid differentiation antigen, OKM1, and were peroxidase positive by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the majority of cells were peroxidase negative on TEM and expressed OKT-10, a marker found on both primitive myeloid and lymphoid cells. Cultures of lymph node cells stimulated with Epstein-Barr virus or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed the Ph1, indicating B cell involvement in the CML. T cells from cultures stimulated with L4-phytohemagglutinin and T cell growth factor were negative for the Ph1. In unstimulated lymph node cells, the uncomplicated Ph1 could not be demonstrated; instead, a unique complex karyotype involving a masked Ph1 was identified in these and the LPS cultures. This karyotype was not found in bone marrow (BM) metaphase cells. Instead, BM cells showed either the simple Ph1 or the Ph1 with a rearrangement involving chromosomes 13 and 20. The patient had transient responses to three chemotherapy regimens, two of which were designed to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia, but he died 8 months after disease acceleration without BM blast crisis. These findings are compatible with an extramedullary blast crisis originating in a primitive cell with both myeloid and lymphoid characteristics.
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PMID:Unusual karyotypic changes and B cell involvement in a case of lymph node blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. 661 Apr 45


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