Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have reviewed literature data on 6,306 cases of hematological neoplasia--acute and chronic lymphatic and myeloid leukemias (CML excepted), myelodysplastic and chronic lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders, and malignant lymphomas--with the goal of quantitatively ascertaining how often cytogenetically unrelated clones occur in these diseases. Unexpectedly wide variations were found: in ANLL, unrelated clones were present in 1.1% of the 2,506 known cases with chromosome abnormalities characterized with banding technique; in the various myelodysplastic (MDS) and chronic myeloproliferative (CMD) disorders (total number of cases 1,299) the frequency was 4.3% and in lymphatic malignancies 1.3% (total case number 2,501). In the latter group the proportions varied between 0.4% and 0.6% in ALL and malignant lymphoma (ML) to as much as 6.2% in CLD and 7.3% in CLL. Some karyotypic abnormalities were encountered more often than would be expected from their general frequency in the various diseases. This discrepancy was particularly evident in MDS and CMD, where 5q- was found in slightly less and +8 in somewhat more than half of the 56 cases. Furthermore, these two aberrations were found as the only changes in the two coexisting clones in one-fourth of the material. Although if viewed in isolation these data would undoubtedly be best explained by assuming a multicellular origin of the neoplasm, it is entirely possible that what are cytogenetically perceived as unrelated clones could be subclones with some invisible aberration in common. If so, this interpretation indicates that changes like +8 and 5q-, both of which are common rearrangements in bone marrow neoplasms, are actually secondary changes that develop during tumor progression.
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PMID:Cytogenetically unrelated clones in hematological neoplasms. 290 9

The interferons are cytokines with a wide array of biological properties. In hematological malignancies the most used IFN class is -alpha; it has been used for thirty years but the mode of action is still not absolutely clear. Nevertheless, the benefits of IFN-alpha for the treatment of CMD have been described in particular for CML and less for PV, ET and MMM. IFN-alpha is presently considered the golden standard of therapy for CML patients not eligible for SCT; the antileukemic effect has been well documented by hematological and cytogenetic response. The survival advantage for IFN treated patients is remarkable in comparison with patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. Recently, the combination IFN-alpha plus Ara-C has demonstrated to increase the rate of major cytogenetic response and to prolong survival. To date, there is not a generally accepted treatment for ET, PV and MMM, which can reduce the risk of thromboembolism and/or hemorragic events. In several subsets of ET and PV patients, IFN-alpha can be considered as first line therapy. IFN-alpha is usually associated with the development of early and later side effects, that reduce the enthusiasm for its use. In the future PEG-IFN-alpha would improve the quality of life of IFN-treated CMD patients.
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PMID:The role of interferon-alpha in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. 1060 58

Carbon graphite whisker (CGW) was used in a 1-year inhalation study in male Wistar rats and its biological effect was observed until the 1-year clearance period. The inhalation study was conducted at 2.6 +/- 0.5 mg/m(3) (equivalent to 44.5 +/- 15.0 fibers/mL) for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 1 year. There were no differences in survival rate between the exposure and control groups during this examination; however, the body weights were significantly different at the end of the 1-year clearance. The lung weight at 3 days and 1 year after the end of exposure was not significantly different in both groups. The deposited amount of CGW was 6.83 +/- 0.75 mg at 3 days post-exposure; the deposition rate was 17.6%. Only around 30% of the total deposited CGW was cleared during the 1-year clearance period. The geometric means of CGW in the lung, i.e. CMD (count median diameter) and CML (count median length), hardly changed, and the clearance was delayed. In the histopathological examination, there was mild fibrosis in all exposed rats irrespective of the clearance period. One adenoma was observed in a single animal at 3 days post-exposure, while no adenomas were observed in the exposure group after the 1-year clearance. Epithelial hyperplasia was found in some animals.
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PMID:Biological effect of carbon graphite whisker in rat lung by long-term Inhalation. 1955 24