Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, has shown substantial effects in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+)ALL). However, most patients relapse after an initial clinical response, indicating that drug resistance is a major problem in patients on imatinib. It is a serious problem that effective treatment choices to T315I, in the ABL kinase domain that shows a strong tolerance in imatinib do not exist clinically. In this study, we propose a new therapeutic approach to Ph(+)ALL with the T315I. Here, we report that the serine/threonine kinase mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, rapamycin, inhibits the growth of not only the Bcr-Abl-positive lymphoid leukemic cell line, SU-Ph2, established from Ph(+)ALL patients, but also the imatinib-resistant cell line, SU/SR, that has acquired T315I. Rapamycin significantly inhibits cell growth in both these cell lines, and easily induces apoptosis at the same dose, thereby acting as an immunosuppressive agent. Our result suggested that the mTOR-signaling pathway has become an important therapeutic target for Ph-positive leukemias in the future, and at the same time, it is also becoming a very effective tool for the treatment of Ph(+)ALL with T315I.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity of Ph-positive lymphoid cell lines to rapamycin: Possible clinical application of mTOR inhibitor. 1878 28

VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors expressing p16(INK4a) or p14(ARF) were used to infect at high-efficiency Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia cell lines lacking endogenous transcripts. Restoration of p16(INK4a) accumulated cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and restoration of p14(ARF) induced their apoptosis, followed by significant growth inhibition. Transduction of primary blast cells from chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC) and Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with p16(INK4a) or p14(ARF) virus also resulted in cell growth inhibition and/or apoptosis with a patient-to-patient variation, whereas clonal growth and differentiation of cord blood progenitor cells were not affected by enforced expression of INK4a/ARF. Furthermore, upon viral transduction at low multiplicity of infection, INK4a/ARF potentiated the effect of imatinib mesylate on Ph-positive leukemia cell lines in an additive but not synergistic manner. These results suggest that INK4a/ARF protein-mimetic agents may be promising options for Ph-positive leukemias in combination with imatinib mesylate.
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PMID:Restoration of INK4a/ARF gene inhibits cell growth and cooperates with imatinib mesylate in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias. 2433 Aug 49

In Ph-positive leukemia, imatinib brought marked clinical improvement; however, further improvement is needed to prevent relapse. Cancer cells efficiently use limited energy sources, and drugs targeting cellular metabolism improve the efficacy of therapy. In this study, we characterized the effects of novel anti-cancer fatty-acid derivative AIC-47 and imatinib, focusing on cancer-specific energy metabolism in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. AIC-47 and imatinib in combination exhibited a significant synergic cytotoxicity. Imatinib inhibited only the phosphorylation of BCR-ABL; whereas AIC-47 suppressed the expression of the protein itself. Both AIC-47 and imatinib modulated the expression of pyruvate kinase M (PKM) isoforms from PKM2 to PKM1 through the down-regulation of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1). PTBP1 functions as alternative splicing repressor of PKM1, resulting in expression of PKM2, which is an inactive form of pyruvate kinase for the last step of glycolysis. Although inactivation of BCR-ABL by imatinib strongly suppressed glycolysis, compensatory fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) activation supported glucose-independent cell survival by up-regulating CPT1C, the rate-limiting FAO enzyme. In contrast, AIC-47 inhibited the expression of CPT1C and directly fatty-acid metabolism. These findings were also observed in the CD34(+) fraction of Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. These results suggest that AIC-47 in combination with imatinib strengthened the attack on cancer energy metabolism, in terms of both glycolysis and compensatory activation of FAO.
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PMID:Perturbation of energy metabolism by fatty-acid derivative AIC-47 and imatinib in BCR-ABL-harboring leukemic cells. 2660 3


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