Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Second hematologic malignancies occur rarely in patients previously treated for leukemia. This report describes a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who remained in complete remission for 5 yr and then developed chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The original lymphoblasts were associated with a partial deletion of chromosome 21, while CML was associated with a classic Philadelphia marker, indicating the independent origin of the two leukemias.
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PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed by chronic myelocytic leukemia. 27 58

Three generations of a family were affected by hematologic malignancies: the proband had hairy cell leukemia, his brother chronic lymphocytic leukemia, his nephew cutaneous and central nervous system lymphoma, and his father chronic granulocytic leukemia. There was no clinical evidence for immune deficiency in 17 unaffected family members. Most family members had normal serum immunoglobulins and peripheral B-cells, but some had decreased T cells. Lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were markedly reduced, while pokeweed mitogen responses were essentially normal. Delayed hypersensitivity responses determined by response to a 23-antigen skin test panel were markedly diminished, as were viral antibody titers. The decreased immune function in these family members suggests a role for the immune system in the emergence of hairy cell leukemia and other lymphoid malignancies, though further follow-up will be needed to see if other family members develop malignancies.
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PMID:Hairy cell leukemia-associated familial lymphoproliferative disorder: immunologic abnormalities in unaffected family members. 31 14

A cytotoxic common ALL antiserum (CALLA) specific for leukemic cells of most patients with non-T-cel- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and of some patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis has been reproducibly prepared using cell lines for absorption. CALLA reacts with leukemic cells of 110 of 134 patients (82%) with non-T-cell ALL; 1 of 71 (1%) patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); 2 of 7 patients (29%) with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis; 7 of 92 patients (8%) with other hematologic malignancies; and with the leukemic cell lines Laz 221 and NALM-1. It does not react with the normal hematopoietic cells, B- or T-cell lines, or cells from 26 patients with T-cell ALL that were tested. CALLA reactivity and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining correlate poorly, with CALLA reacting with cells from 86% (64 of 74) of patients with PAS-positive and 76% (29 of 38) of those with PAS-negative non-T-cell ALL. In these patients, CALLA reacts with cells from 89% of those under age 12 (78 of 88); 74% of those aged 12--20 (20 of 27); and 58% of those over 20 (11 of 19). Using only CALLA and antisera specific for Ia-like and T-cell antigens, we can now distinguish most cases of ALL from AML and other hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:Leukemia-associated antigens in ALL. 38 10

Interferons produced by recombinant DNA technology began phase I trials little more than a decade ago. Today interferon alfa-2 is a mainstay in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, and has demonstrated benefit in the more common chronic myelogenous leukemia. Interferon alfa-2 also has activity in other hematologic malignancies, including indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, T-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, and in solid tumors such as disseminated melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, endocrine pancreatic tumors, and malignant carcinoid tumors. Interferon alfa, beta, and gamma remain under investigation to define potential roles in ovarian, breast, bladder, and cervical carcinomas and gliomas. The greatest value of the interferons will be in prolonging the disease-free interval when used in combination with other treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and other biologic agents.
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PMID:Current status of interferons in the treatment of cancer. 128 Jan 53

As compared to values recorded in 10 healthy normal-weight normolipidemic control subjects, serum cholesterol and apoprotein B levels as well as serum cholinesterase activity were found to be obviously decreased in the 28 patients with acute leukemia, the lowest levels being associated with the worst prognosis. The values of the above-mentioned biochemical variables in the 21 patients with chronic disorders (13 with chronic myeloproliferative disease and 8 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia) were not as low as in patients with acute leukemia. It should however be mentioned that in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, the lowest levels of serum cholesterol were correlated with a large tumor burden as assessed by a score taking into account for clinical and hematologic parameters. It is concluded that hypocholesterolemia could be regarded as a factor of adverse prognosis in hematologic malignancies, being probably the result of both enhanced catabolism of low density lipoproteins and impaired hepatic lipoprotein synthesis.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol and apoprotein B levels and serum cholinesterase activity in selected hematologic malignancies. 129 17

The karyotypes of 98 patients between the ages of 8 and 81 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are presented. Although the well-described cytogenetic abnormalities associated with particular FAB subtypes in the West were observed, certain important local differences were noted. In ALL, hyperdiploidy was rarely observed, whereas the Philadelphia chromosome was observed in 50% of abnormal karyotypes. In AML, the t(8;21) was infrequently observed in M2 case, whereas trisomy 4 and 6, rarely reported elsewhere, formed 12% of the abnormal cases. In MDS, the incidence of -5/5q- and/or -7/7q- was 83% of cases with aberrant cytogenetic findings. Neither i(17q) nor an extra Ph was seen in 26 cases of CML including 9 cases of accelerated phase/blast crisis. In addition, previously unreported cytogenetic abnormalities occurring as single cases are presented. These findings are discussed in the context of geographical heterogeneity of chromosomal abnormalities in leukemia and emphasize the importance of continued epidemiologic studies of cytogenetics in hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:Cytogenetic analysis of hematologic malignancies in Hong Kong. A study of 98 cases. 139 2

Forty patients with different varieties of leukaemia and lymphoma were studied before and after therapy. Red cells and lymphocytes from each patient were tested for foetal antigen by lectin-agglutination test. The antigen was detectable on red cells in all untreated cases, the highest titre being found in chronic myeloid leukaemia. The titre showed significant reduction after treatment in all cases. We conclude that foetal antigen on red cells is a useful diagnostic aid in haematological malignancy and is a good indicator of the outcome of therapy.
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PMID:Study of foetal antigen in haematological malignancy. 145 63

The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB) is expressed in all lineages of normal hematopoietic cells and plays an important role in controlling cell cycle progression at G1/S. Abnormalities of the RB gene may, therefore, predispose to the development of hematologic malignancies. DNA rearrangement was reported to be present in 1.5-12.1% of cases with primary leukemias and the absence of the RB gene product was also observed in 6.3-23.2%. The abnormalities were frequently observed in blastic crisis of CML, especially of the megakaryoblastic phenotype, AML with monocytic differentiation and Ph1-positive leukemias. These results indicate that abnormalities of RB are relatively common in hematologic malignancies and loss of RB function may contribute to the altered growth of these cells.
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PMID:[Abnormalities of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB) in hematologic malignancies]. 151 56

Residual disease remains a major problem in the treatment of human neoplasia. To effectively monitor minimal leukemic activity after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we used a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique to quantify expression of the characteristic bcr-abl fusion message in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Quantitative results were obtained between the 0.001% and 0.1% level in control experiments. This represents a significant advantage over cytogenetic and Southern blotting techniques routinely used to diagnose CML, which may not be sensitive below the 1% level. To illustrate the potential clinical usefulness of the quantitative PCR strategy, we compared results of bcr-abl messenger RNA expression with those obtained using cytogenetic and Southern blotting techniques, in a study of consecutive BM and peripheral blood (PB) samples from two CML patients at high risk for relapse after BMT. One patient received a syngeneic transplant during the chronic phase of the disease and relapse was apparent at the molecular level 4.5 months after BMT, while the patient was in complete clinical remission. The second patient was treated with an allogeneic BMT during the accelerated phase of the disease. A slow, but progressive decrease in bcr-abl expression was observed during the first 12 months after BMT, and expression was undetectable thereafter. Our results indicate that the competitive PCR technique can be used to monitor disease activity in patients at high risk of relapse, while the patients are in complete clinical remission, which should facilitate the early detection of relapse or the identification of progressive disappearance of leukemic activity. The approach used may serve as a model for the study of residual disease in an increasing number of other hematologic malignancies that express cancer-specific RNAs.
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PMID:Molecular quantification of residual disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia after bone marrow transplantation. 154 52

The authors observed Lhermitte's sign in four patients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematologic malignancies. Three patients had acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and one had chronic myelogenous leukemia. Before BMT, the patients with AML received daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside and etoposide, whereas the patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia received hydroxyurea. One patient with AML received MY-9 antibody-depleted autologous BMT. The other patients received human lymphocyte antigen-identical, allogeneic BMT. Preparative therapy for BMT was cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, and total body exposure to radiation for two patients, and busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and no exposure to radiation in two other patients. Lhermitte's sign appeared 4 to 8 months after BMT and resolved spontaneously after 2 to 5 months. Neurologic sequelae had developed in none of the patients 16 to 34 months after BMT. No unifying etiologic factor could be identified in these patients. The development of Lhermitte's sign after BMT appears to be a benign, self-limited phenomenon that requires no specific treatment.
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PMID:Development of Lhermitte's sign after bone marrow transplantation. 156 71


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