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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Group-specific human granulocyte antigens are serologically detectable with granulocytotoxic-positive human alloantisera on a cell line, K562, of chronic myelogenous leukemia origin which bears a Philadelphia chromosomal marker. The same cell line lacks serologically detectable HLA, B2 microglobulin, and B-lymphocyte antigens. Granulocyte antigens are important cell markers for cell lines of suspected myeloid lineage.
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PMID:Group-specific human granulocyte antigens on a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line with a Philadelphia chromosome marker. 6 56

Histocompatibility antigen (HLA) phenotypes of 34 patients with Ph1+ chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were evaluated for association with HLA antigens. Two control populations were compared to the CML patients: 142 normal volunteer platelet donors, and 160 normal donors of granulocyte transfusions. HLA typing was done by lymphocyte microcytotoxicity tests for nine antigens on sublocus A and 15 antigens on sublocus B. HLA-B7 and HLA-B12 were decreased in CML patients compared to both platelet and granulocyte donors. There was increased frequency of HLA-A3 in patients (41%) as compared to controls (25% and 33%); HLA-B5 - patients = 20%; controls 8% and 6%; and HLA-BW17 - patients = 17%; controls = 6% and 3% (P = 0.01). Median survival was 24+ months and independent of HLA. HLA-B5 and HLA-BW17 were significantly increased in patients with CML compared to two normal control populations. No increase in HLA-B8 was seen. Decreased frequency of HLA-B7 and B12 was noted. The significance of these differences is being evaluated.
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PMID:Frequency of HLA antigens in chronic myelocytic leukemia. 6 21

Human B lymphocyte antigens analogous to the murine Ia determinants were found on myeloblasts and promyelocytes but not on more mature granulocytes. This was apparent by fluorescent staining with both human alloantisera and rabbit antisera to the isolated Ia-like proteins. The cells of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia showed this difference especially clearly. Separation of the myeloblasts and promyelocytes by multistep density gradient fractionation produced a marked enrichment of the positive cells. The remaining cells from higher density fractions were more-mature neutrophils that were essentially negative. In acute myeloid leukemia, in which myeloid cells early in differentiation predominate, the vast majority of cells were strongly positive. Similar results were obtained with normal bone marrow cells. Here also, only the early forms of the myeloid series separated by gradient centrifugation had Ia antigens. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of Ia determinants on cells with the appearance of early erythroid precursors. Support for the presence of the Ia determinants on granulocyte-macrophage committed stem cells was provided by the inhibition of granulocyte colony formation in agar cultures following preincubation of normal bone marrow with antiserum and complement. Cross absorptions with purified preparations of immature cells provided evidence for the close similarity of the antigenic determinants on both myeloblasts and B cells. A 28,000-37,000-dalton bimolecular complex obtained from myeloblast membranes contained the Ia determinants and was similar to that obtained from peripheral blood B cell membranes.
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PMID:Expression of Ia-like antigen molecules on human granulocytes during early phases of differentiation. 7 38

Determining granulocyte kinetics with DF32P allows various parameters to be gained during the in-vitro marking, such as the total blood granulocyte pool, circulating granulocyte pool, marginal granulocyte pool, daily granulocyte exchange rate and half decay period of granulocytes. The half decay period of granulocytes, bone-marrow reserve in myelocytes, metamyelocytes and band cells as well as polymorphonuclear neutrophils can be determined by in-vitro marking, with DF32P being intravenously injected. The combination of both procedures with DF32P will reveal the half decay period, pool sizes and exchange rates of the proliferating myelocyte compartiment in bone-marrow and mature blood granulocytes. If 51Cr is used for determining granulocyte kinetics the surface activities of various organs, such as heart, liver, spleen, and lungs, can mainly be determined in addition to the half-life of leucocytes, indicating the degradation or storage of cells in certain areas of the body. In addition to normal values those findings are principally presented which were obtained with in-vitro marking by DF32P and 51Cr in chronic myeloid leukaemia, osteomyelofibrosis or osteomyelosclerosis respectively and in hypersplenism.
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PMID:[Granulocyte kinetics with radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate (DF32P) and radiochrome (51Cr)]. 8 82

Using a microcytotoxicity assay, the serological reactivity of human granulocytes, namely neutrophils and eosinophils, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells and cultured CML cell lines (K562, NALM-1) were examined. Mature granulocyte forms and cord granulocytes are readily lysed by specific granulocyte cytotoxins that do not react with random T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells, or platelets. Furthermore, certain antisera were preferentially cytotoxic for eosinophil-enriched populations. Granulocytotoxin detected antigens on one of three CML blast cell populations tested and K562, but failed to react with NALM-1. By cytotoxicity, mature granulocytes were poor targets for B2-microglobulin and the appropriate HLA antisera although both sera types are absorbed with granulocytes. Furthermore, granulocytes did not possess B-lymphocytes (Ia-like) or blood group A, B, and Rh (D) antigens. Except for K562, both HLA and heterologous B-lymphocyte antisera were cytotoxic for the CML blast cell populations tested.
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PMID:Cell surface antigens detected on mature and leukemic granulocytic populations by cytotoxicity testing. 10 Aug 97

In 31 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, the initial bone marrow biopsy constantly showed considerable cell richness. The maturation of the granulocytes was harmonious in 52% of cases, with a predominance of myelocytes in 32% of cases, and groups of myeloblasts in 13% of cases. Eosinophilia was frequent and fairly intense. Fairly numerous loaded cells and Charcot-Leyden crystals were signs of granulocyte failure in the bone marrow. The erythroblasts were reduced, the megakaryocytes increased. Myelofibrosis was present in 45% of cases. This gave a very characteristic histological appearance. It was not possible to draw up correlations between the type of granulocyte maturation and/or the presence of myelofibrosis and, on the other hand, the clinical course of the disease, but the small number of case studied both in our series and in the literature do not permit one to carry out a proper statistical study.
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PMID:[Bone-marrow biopsy in chronic myeloid leukemia. Value of the initial examination]. 18 24

Unique fusiform or spindle-shaped particles (Phi bodies) and rods with hydroperoxidase (catalase and/or peroxidase) activity are present in human granulocyte precursors only in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). These newly recognized particles are much more numerous and prominent than Auer rods. They may be rapidly and readily identified using the microscope in marrow or peripheral blood films when the procedures recommended in this paper for fixation, incubation for hydroperoxidase demonstration in 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB)/H2O2 medium, copper salt treatment and counterstaining (optional) with the Papanicolaou method are employed. Films prepared in the same manner but treated with benzidine/H2O2 medium for myeloperoxidase did not reveal these particles. We believe that Phi bodies are pathognomonic of AML since they are almost invariably present in AML patients with active disease. Their presence serves to distinguish AML from acute lymphocytic leukemia and from chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Since the particles disappear in disease remission and reappear upon relapse, the recommended procedure is not only useful in diagnosis but in guiding therapy. When a very rapid diagnosis is needed, it is not necessary to counterstain the preparations, but the nuclei, cytoplasm and plasmalemma can readily be observed in the granulocyte precursors when they are counterstained by the Papanicolaou method. This treatment does not diminish the clarity of the Phi bodies and rods which stain by virtue of their peroxidatic activity. This cytochemical diagnostic procedure should be considered for adoption by hematology laboratories.
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PMID:The light microscopic demonstration of hydroperoxidase-positive Phi bodies and rods in leukocytes in acute myeloid leukemia. 21 54

Arginase has been isolated from granulocytes of a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia and from lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and both enzymes have been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purification procedure employed acetone extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and CM-Sephadex chromatography and gel filtration on Bio-Gel A 1.5m. Both enzymes appear to be metalloenzymes, and to have molecular weights of about 120 000. Studies with the dissociated enzymes suggest that the subunit molecular weight is about 37 000, in agreement with a tetrameric aggregate structure of the native enzymes. Human leukemic granulocyte and lymphocyte arginases are strongly basic proteins with pI values between 9.25 and 9.35. Their free -SH groups enabled them to be linked to organomercurial-agarose. The kinetic properties estimated for both enzymes showed an optimum pH of 8.5, and an optimal MnCl2 concentration of 0.01 M. The Km for L-arginine is 2.7-3.1 mM and L-ornithine exhibits a mixed type of inhibition, with a Ki of 15.5-15.7 mM.
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PMID:Purification of arginases from human-leukemic lymphocytes and granulocytes: study of their physicochemical and kinetic properties. 24 Jul 2

Granulocyte function was studied in 9 patients with untreated, Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by stimulated granulocytes was impaired in all patients; 4 patients also had diminished phagocytosis and 2 others defective chemotaxis. In spite of this variety of polymorphonuclear (PMN) functional impairments, there is little evidence of increased susceptibility to infections in CML patients. This suggests that CML-PMN leucocytes (PMNs) may be successfully used for transfusion into neutropenic recipients, as previously reported. To evaluate the effects of irradiation and liquid storage on CML-PMNs, 5 of our patients were subjected to leukapheresis by continuous-flow centrifugation in the Aminco Celltrifuge, and granulocyte functional capacities were also evaluated on the cell-rich plasma immediately after collection and after short-term storage at 4 degrees C with or without irradiation (1500 rads). As evaluated by in vitro studies, granulocytes maintained, even after irradiation, functional activities similar to those found immediately after collection up to 24 h of storage at 4 degrees C and presented a moderate loss of function after 48 h. Chemotaxis appeared to be the most sensitive detector for cellular damage of stored leucocytes, irradiated and non-irradiated, so that it might be used for assessment of leucocyte function before transfusion.
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PMID:In vitro function of chronic myelocytic leukemia granulocytes. Effects of irradiation and storage. 28 67

Splenectomies have been performed on 58 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) during the last 16 years. For the 27 patients operated upon during the first 12 years, the operative mortality was 26%. Four patients also had to be re-explored for bleeding and three required drainage of subphrenic abscesses. There has been no operative mortality in the 31 patients operated using a standardized procedure during the last four years but two had to be re-explored for bleeding and one required drainage of a subphrenic abscess. The operative risks for leukemic patients are infection, perhaps related to granulocyte abnormalities and hemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia or qualitative platelet abnormalities. When the splenectomy in patients with CML is timed with the patient's chemotherapy cycle, the use of local antibiotics and platelet concentrates should permit a safe operation. Survival rates were not comprised even when the patients had their splenectomy during CML-blast crisis.
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PMID:Chronic myelogenous leukemia: management of splenectomy in a high-risk population. 40 88


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