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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitotic indices, labeling indices (LI), and tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA of marrow cells were conducted in patients with leukemia to determine if correlations existed between kinetic measurements, clinical features, and response to chemotherapy. Higher proliferative activity was observed in chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and blastic phase of CGL than in acute leukemia. In acute myelogenous leukemia there was no correlation with various clinical features studied. Those patients demonstrating greater than 60% reduction in circulating leukemia cells within 7 days had a higher initial LI than those with less than 60% reduction. Cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, and hydroxyurea were investigated to determine their synchronizing capability; cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate were superior to hydroxyurea. In a cycle-sensitive schedule specifically designed to synchronize cells, responses occurred more frequently in patients who increased thier LI 48 hours after priming doses of cytosine arabinoside. In an intensive-chemotherapy schedule which produced more remissions than the cycle-sensitive schedule, there was no relationship between initial kinetic measurements and response. Kinetic values increased as patients achieved remissions.
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PMID:Synchronization with phase-specific agents in leukemia and correlation with clinical response to chemotherapy. 102 39

Bone marrow from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), preleukemia, and from healthy volunteers was cultured using a recently developed liquid diffusion technique. Differential and viable cell counts and 3H-thymidine labeling indices were performed at intervals up to 30 days. Differentiation was assessed morphologically by light and electron microscopy, histochemically, and by functional tests for phagocytosis and the presence of surface receptors for IgG. Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was assayed against normal human bone marrow by the agar colony technique. In acute leukemia cultures, viable cell counts usually fell within the normal range. However, most AML cells failed to demonstrate significant maturation in vitro, and did not produce detectable CSA. In AMML cultures, maturation was defective but some differentiated macrophages were observed and the cells produced high concentrations of CSA. Preleukemic cultures demonstrated normal growth but maturation was impaired as evidenced by a high percentage of immature cells during the first 7 days. CML cultures showed abnormally high growth capacity resulting in viable cell counts 2-3 times normal. In the chronic phase of CML, maturation was qualitatively normal and the cells produced CSA. With the onset of blast transformation, maturation became abnormal but growth remained high. These studies support a concept of AML as a primary defect in cellular maturation and of CML as a primary abnormality of proliferation. The production of CSA by neoplastic cells relates to the degree of monocyte-macrophage differentiation within the leukemic population. Human preleukemia is characterized by a failure of normal maturation in vitro.
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PMID:Proliferation and maturation of human leukemia cells in liquid culture. 105 46

One hundred one patients were treated for Ph' positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in the blastic phase. In seven of these (6.9 per cent), meningeal leukemia developed. Of the 99 patients who died of their disease, a complete remission was achieved in 12 with a median survival of 12 months (three to 28 months). Incomplete responders had a median survival of only 2.5 months (one to 14 months). In five of the 12 complete responders (42 per cent), but in only two of the incomplete responders (2.3 per cent), meningeal leukemia developed. The principal neurologic signs were cranial nerve palsies and papilledema. All patients had pleocytosis with myeloblasts in the cerebrospinal fluid. As in patients with acute leukemia and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, increased survival of patients in whom hematologic remission from the blastic phase of CGL is achieved may allow sufficient time for the development of meningeal leukemia. Intrathecal methotrexate is extremely successful in treating this complication. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was eradicated in all seven of our patients, and neurologic symptoms and signs were completely eliminated in five patients. No evidence of meningeal leukemia was found in three of the five patients in whom an autopsy was performed.
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PMID:Meningeal leukemia in the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia. 105 28

The relation between the levels of leukemic leukocytosis and blood fibrinolytic activity was studied in 58 patients with acute leukemia, 58 with chronic granulocytic leukemia, and 60 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In all these groups, high levels of leukemic leukocytosis were associated with increased blood fibrinolytic activity. Differences between patients with high and low values of leukocytosis were statistically significant.
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PMID:Leukocytosis and fibrinolytic activity of the blood in leukemic patients. 106 85

The clinical and morphologic features of nine patients who initially presented with blastic leukemia and the Philadelphia chromosome were studied. Corresponding features were evaluated at the time of diagnosis of blast crisis in 19 patients who had a previous history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although many of the presenting symptoms and signs were similar, infections, lymphadenopathy, tissue infiltration and central nervous system involvement were more common in patients who presented with blastic leukemia. Marked leukocytosis, basophilia and marrow hypercellularity were present in both groups. Although patients in both groups had morphologic patterns that resembled acute leukemia, cytology suggestive of acute lymphocytic leukemia was more frequent in patients who initially presented with blastic leukemia. Megakaryocyte, platelet and erythroid abnormalities were more frequent in patients with a prior history of CML. Although there were clinical and morphologic features in the patients who presented with blastic leukemia which suggested the diagnosis of CML in blast crisis, chromosome studies were necessary to identify some of these patients. In both groups of patients multiple therapeutic regimens were used. Complete remissions were obtained in two patients; both presented with blastic leukemia, had "lymphoblastic" morphology and were treated with chemotherapeutic agents generally used for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. It appears that morphology of the blast crisis may be important in choosing the treatment regimen.
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PMID:Blast crisis as an initial or terminal manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia. A study of 28 patients. 106 62

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been utilized for the past several years for the study of whole-mount preparations of human chromosomes. Cell cycle-dependent changes in chromatin can be demonstrated easily. Chromomeres, which are mass accumulations at complementary points along each chromatid, provide a basis for the "banding" patterns produced by various stains used in light microscopy. In a highly condensed metaphase chromosome, only a rare free fiber end is seen, suggesting that a single chromatin fiber folds into a chromatid. The presence of interchromosomal fibers suggests that the DNA molecule (i.e., the chromatin fiber) might be folded into more than one chromosome. The specificity of the 9q+/22q-Ph1) translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia and the evidence for nonrandom translocation abnormalities in adult acute leukemia suggest that either the linear integrity of the chromatin fiber comprising several chromosomes is real or that the nuclear membrane attachment site of individual chromosomes results in specific, adjacent chromosomes which are available for induction of nonrandom translocations.
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PMID:Human chromatin and chromosomes studied by scanning electron microscopy: progress and perspectives. 106 62

A case report of serial chromosome studies on a child presumed to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is presented. Hematologic remission was achieved after 3 weeks and maintained until death 63 weeks later. The classic Philadelphia chromosome translocation was found, both at diagnosis and throughout the course of the disease, in a proportion of cells from PHA-stimulated blood cultures. The finding is related to other reports of Philadelphia-positive clones in ALL, as well as those in chronic myeloid leukemia and its acute transformation, and other myeloproliferative disorders. The origin of the Philadelphia chromosome in this case is considered in the light of current stem cell theory, and its relevance to lymphocytic neoplasia is discussed. We believe that the finding of a Ph1-positive clone in a cell line morphologically indistinguishable from normal lymphocytes in a case of acute leukemia is unique.
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PMID:Philadelphia chromosome in acute leukemia: case report. 106 42

A technique for cloning myeloblastic leukemic cells in semi-solid agar, after prior PHA stimulation, was studied in all phases of chronic myeloid leukemia. Phytohemagglutinin responsive cells were found in blast crisis and accelerated phase. In a small number of patients in the benign phase of their disease, colony growth with PHA was detected. A group of patients with early acute leukemia was also examined by this technique. The incidence of PHA colonies appeared to correlate with the progression of the disease. The potential application of this assay for early detection of leukemic clones and possible prediction of the rapidity of progression of the leukemic process is discussed.
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PMID:Significance of PHA induced clonogenic cells in chronic myeloid leukemia and early acute myeloid leukemia. 106 71

Occurrence of immune complexes in leukemia has been investigated by the 125I-Clq-binding test. A highly significant serum Clq-binding activity (Clq-BA) was demonstrated in 37% of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, in 23% of patients with acute lymphocyte leukemia,and in 32% of those in blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Such a high Clq-BA is found only in 13% of cases with chronic leukemia. Incidence of increased serum Clq-BA is significantly higher during the blastic stage of leukemia than in complete remission. There is no correlation between the elevated Clq-BA and infections complicating acute leukemia, or with the chemotherapy given to the patients. The Clq-binding material exhibits properties similar to those of immune complexes.
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PMID:[Circulating immune complexes in human leukemias]. 107 Jan 56

The relationship between changes in the bone marrow labeling index and the patient's subsequent response to cycle-specific agents was studied by the South-eastern Cancer Study Group in adults with acute leukemia. Ninety-eight patients were randomized to one of two treatment regimens. Schedule 1 consisted of a single intravenous (i.v.) push of cytosine arabinoside followed in 48 hours by a large dose of oral methotrexate distributed over 24 hours and i.v. vincristine. Leucovorin rescue was employed to control the toxic effects of the high dose methotrexate and the cycle was repeated every 7 days. Schedule 2 differed only in that there were three daily injections of cytosine arabinoside preceding vincristine and methotrexate injections and each cycle was given every 10 days. Cell kinetic studies were performed in 30 patients and revealed that the majority of patients who had a response to therapy had some increase in the marrow labeling index 48 hours after cytosine arabinoside injection. In general, those patients who had no response to therapy had little change. There was no significant difference between schedules in the ability to induce an increase in labeling index 48 hours after cytosine arabinoside or in the increment achieved by the responders. However, there was a significant difference in the response rate seen with these schedules. Schedule 1 achieved only a 24% remission rate in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) while schedule 2 was associated with a 52% remission rate. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) both schedules induced a 60% remission rate while none of the four patients with blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) responded. Analysis of the characteristics associated with remission revealed that more females achieved a remission than males and that the presence of pretreatment infection was the greatest contributing cause of early death and thus severely limited the ability to achieve a remission. As opposed to the current regimens used in ANLL, schedule 2 did not require significant bone marrow hypoplasia (as judged by the degree of hematological toxicity) to achieve a remission and there was no decrease in response seen with increasing age. The data suggest that increased efficiency of cycle-specific, antitumor agents may occur by increasing the proportion of human leukemic cells in DNA synthesis.
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PMID:An attempt at synchronization of marrow cells in acute leukemia: relationship to therapeutic response. 108 65


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