Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) is an unusual DNA polymerase that does not use template information to synthesize new strands of DNA. It is normally found in high concentration in thymus (50 u/10(8) cells) and in low concentration in bone marrow (less than 5 u/10(8)). We report TDT measurements in the marrow and/or peripheral blood of 51 adult patients, 28 of whom had leukaemia. TDT is present in very high levels (greater than 50 u/10(8) cells) in leukaemic lymphoblasts and in low levels in leukaemic myeloblasts (less than 9 u/10(8) cells). Of two patients who developed lymphosarcoma-cell leukaemia following treatment of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, one had high and one low levels of TDT in the leukaemic blast cells. Leukaemic cells from three of seven patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis had TDT levels within the range expected of acute lymphoblastic rather than acute myeloid leukaemia. High TDT in leukaemic cells probably marks them as derivatives of lymphoid progenitor, thymic or pluripotential stem cells. Quantitative assay of TDT may provide information useful in classifying haematological neoplasms.
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PMID:Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase measurements in the differential diagnosis of adult leukaemias. 6 84

An increase in the serum copper (Cu++) level has been described as a sensitive index of disease activity in several hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies. In order to explore the diagnostic value of Cu++ compared to other hematochemical parameters frequently abnormal in malignancies, Cu++, serum alpha2 globulin (alpha2), plasmatic fibrinogen (Fibr), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum iron (Fe++) have been detected and evaluated in 267 patients affected with the following diseases: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL), Acute Leukemias (AL), Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Myeloma (MM), and Breast Cancer (BC). The best correlation between Cu++ increase and disease activity has been found in HL, NHL, AL, and BC. In these diseases, when the considered parameters were compared, Cu++ and ESR showed a similar pattern, i.e., a high frequency of abnormalities in active disease. It is concluded that Cu++ represents a good complement to some other aspecific parameters in evaluating the activity and diffusion of neoplasias and the therapeutic results, particularly in HL, NHL, AL and BC.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of serum copper levels and other hematochemical parameters in malignancies. 7 79

A pathological study was carried out on the female genital tract on specimens from 14 patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Marked lesions with microscopic alterations were found in chronic granulocytic leukemia and in histiocytic and mixed lymphomas, accompanied by clinical manifestations. The origin of the blastic elements is discussed.
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PMID:Lesions of the female genital tract in leukemia and lymphoma. 15 Dec 20

The subunit composition of phosphofructokinase from normal and malignant blood cells has been investigated by means of immunologic, electrophoretic, and chromatographic methods. Immunoprecipitation tests were performed with three specific antisera recognizing each of the basic subunits of human phosphofructokinase: muscle, M-type; liver, L-type; and fibroblast, F-type. Mature polymorphonuclear cells contain mainly L-subunits, while lymphocytes and platelets contain hybrids formed of L and F subunits; these hybrids can be electrophoretically separated. Red cell phosphofructokinase is composed of L and M subunits, as judged by its reactivity with anti-L and anti-M-type antisera. The various M-L hybrids composing red cell phosphofructokinase could be only separated by chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose. Lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia contain phosphofructokinase forms similar to those from normal lymphocytes, while the immature granulocytic cells (leukemic myeloblasts and myeloid cells of chronic myeloid leukemia) are characterized by a reinforcement of enzyme inhibition by anti-F-type antiserum. Lymphoid lines in culture (Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced or malignant lymphoma-derived lines) are characterized by the indistinctive expression of all three basic subunits, similar to that found in some fetal tissues. This article represents the first description of the isozymic nature of phosphofructokinase in platelets and white blood cells and of its changes with malignancy and cell culture. This enzyme might represent a useful marker in the characterization of the leukemic cells.
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PMID:Phosphofructokinase in human blood cells. 15 68

In an attempt to associate oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus with lymphoproliferative disorders other than infectious mononucleosis, we tested throat gargles collected from adult subjects for the EB virus. Nine (16%) of 55 healthy persons were positive. High EB virus-excretion rates were found among patients with active acute lymphocytic leukemia (6/6, 100%), among renal homograft recipients during the third to 12th month after transplantation (26/30, 87%), and among critically ill patients with leukemia-lymphoma (14/19, 74%). Moderately high excretion rates were found among patients with myeloma (7/16, 44%), patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (5/11, 44%), critically ill patients with solid cancers (15/37, 41%), and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (8/21, 38%). Our data suggested that the higher than normal excretion rate is realted to the basic disease process and to the general health status but not to the duration of cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus by patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and by recipients of renal homografts. 20 83

Lymphoid cells obtained from spleens of patients with lymphomas or leukemias were studied for the presence of heterophile (Paul-Bunnell (P-B)) antigen. A mixed agglutination (MA) test was established utilizing monolayers of cells attached to poly-L-lysine-coated wells of plastic U plates. After incubation of the monolayers with infectious mononeucleosis (IM) sera, indicator cells, sheep, or trypsinized bovine erythrocytes were added. The results were assessed according to sedimentation patterns of the indicator cells on the monolayers. Positive MA reactions were shown to be due to specific binding of P-B antibodies to the corresponding antigens on the spleen cells. Positive results were obtained with 15 of 37 spleens from patients with Hodgkin's disease, 5 of 8 lymphoma spleens, 4 of 15 chronic myelocytic leukemia spleens and 2 of 4 chronic lymphocytic leukemia spleens. Only 2 of 25 spleens from patients with various other diseases and 1 of 26 apparently normal thymus specimens gave positive results. This study confirmed demonstration of P-B antigen in lymphoma and leukemia by means of absorption experiments, which was reported previously.
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PMID:Paul-Bunnell antigen in lymphoma and leukemia spleens. 26 81

The diseases discussed in this paper include chronic lymphocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute leukemias, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphosarcoma. Cutaneous manifestations of these disorders are often sufficiently different to indicate a certain leukemia or lymphoma. The cutaneous manifestations of leukemias and lymphomas may help the clinician suspect the diagnosis.
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PMID:Skin manifestations of leukemias and lymphomas. 27 26

Survival rates improved significantly for 28,036 lymphoma and leukemia patients studied between 1950 and 1973. Nine cancers reviewed demonstrated increased one, three and five year survival rates. Greatest improvement was acute lymphocytic leukemia survival. Least improvement was for chronic granulocytic leukemia. Analyses of age-specific trends in U.S. cancer mortality since 1960 indicates death rates decreased 20% for all ages up to 45 years. This included 70% of the population, but less than 10% of all cancer deaths. Age groups over 55 experienced an 8% increase in cancer mortality. Accurate determination of national cancer incidence trends is not presently possible. Available data, representing approximately 15 million population, indicate that cancer incidence rates increased between 1960 and 1973. Age-specific trend analyses indicate unusual divergences. For the group 15 to 29-years-old, incidence increased 28% in 13 years and there was a concomitant decrease of 20% in mortality.
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PMID:Impact of cancer therapy on survival. 27 34

Granulocytic sarcoma, a rare manifestation of leukemia, can present as solid and invasive tumors in the central nervous system. We report electron microscopic findings in two such cases of granulocytic sarcoma in this communication. The first case is a granulocytic sarcoma involving mainly the left frontal dura with invasion of the underlying leptomeninges and brain. This was the initial presentation of acute myelogenous leukemia that became apparent seven months later. The second case is a granulocytic sarcoma involving the cervical spine and epidural soft tissue in a known case of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Electron microscopic studies confirm the presence of immatuure granulocytic cells with specific granules which distinguish these cases from other tumors such as a malignant lymphoma. Granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurosurgical cases which present clinically as acute intracranial dural or spinal epidural tumors.
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PMID:[The fine structure of granulocytic sarcoma (author's transl)]. 28 86

Despite the incomparability in the reporting of leukemia and lymphoma incidence among populations and the relative rarity of these diseases, real differences in rates are discernible from available data. In general, the incidence of each of the leukemias and lymphomas is lower in Japan than in other Pacific rim populations whose rates are known. Particularly striking is the low incidence of CLL in Japan. Among Japanese in Hawaii, rates of some of these cancers (lymphosarcoma, CML) approach those of whites, whereas rates of other cancers (Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, ALL, CLL, and AML) more closely resemble those of native Japanese. The number of Chinese living in countries served by population-based cancer reporting systems is too small for any firm conclusions to be made about leukemia and lymphoma incidence in this group. The incidence of these diseases in certain other nonwhite Pacific rim residents (i.e., Mexican Americans, blacks, and Maoris) is, by and large, similar to that of whites.
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PMID:Geographical variation in the incidence of the leukemias and lymphomas. 29 90


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