Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were determined in 32 patients admitted with either acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. Measurements were repeated in 15 of these individuals during a leukopenic period induced by chemotherapy and in 6 of the latter group when they had achieved remission. Initial plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels in 15 male (111.9 +/- 27.9; 53.7 +/- 10.4; 23.7 +/- 22.5 mg/dl) and 17 female (124.0 +/- 42.0; 68.6 +/- 32.0; 29.4 +/- 13.9 mg/dl) patients were markedly reduced compared with age and sex-matched control values (all P less than 0.01). Remission in six subjects was associated with significant increases in total cholesterol (162.0 +/- 61.0 vs. 111.5 +/- 47.9 mg/dl; P less than 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (106.8 +/- 51.2 vs. 43.5 +/- 31.3 mg/dl; P less than 0.05) compared with their baseline values. Chemotherapy-induced leukopenia was associated with inconsistant changes in plasma cholesterol levels although LDL cholesterol increased in all patients who subsequently achieved remission. LDL cholesterol levels fell dramatically in two patients who relapsed. These results indicate that LDL cholesterol concentrations may be of value in assessing disease activity in individuals with acute myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:Hypocholesterolemia and acute myelogenous leukemia. Association between disease activity and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. 346 75

Stainable iron was absent or decreased in 36 of 45 bone marrow biopsy specimens (80 percent) among 33 patients with chronic-stage chronic granulocytic leukemia. Decreased iron did not correlate with sex, treatment status, duration of disease, marrow cellularity, or hemoglobin level. In contrast, marrow iron was absent or decreased in 34 percent of biopsy specimens at diagnosis of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (p less than 0.0001) and 31 percent of biopsy specimens from patients with Hodgkin's disease (p less than 0.0001). The serum ferritin level was determined in eight patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia and absent marrow iron, and it was normal in all. Fifteen of 17 patients, followed with chronic-stage disease for one to four years after the finding of absent marrow iron, demonstrated increases in their hemoglobin levels during antileukemic therapy or maintained normal values. Thus, absent or decreased stainable marrow iron is a common finding in chronic granulocytic leukemia and usually does not indicate iron deficiency.
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PMID:Decreased stainable marrow iron in chronic granulocytic leukemia. 346 10

VP-16 was used to treat newly diagnosed elderly (greater than or equal to 65 yr) patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and patients with blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia (BI-CGL). Our pilot study indicated that VP-16 160 mg/m2 intravenously daily for 5 days was well tolerated and suggested a direct dose-response correlation. Thirty additional ANLL patients and 11 CGL patients were studied. Among 26 evaluable ANLL patients, we observed ten responses (38%) (seven complete remission and three partial remission), but none of 11 patients with CGL in blast crisis had meaningful responses. In patients who responded to treatment, myelosuppression was always reversed by day 25. Stomatitis was the major nonhematologic toxicity and appeared more severe with advancing age. We conclude that VP-16 is active against ANLL and is well tolerated at doses higher than have been previously described. It remains to be shown that the present schedule is superior to the intermittent high-dose or continuous low-dose infusion schedules, which have been recently described.
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PMID:Phase I-II trial of VP-16 in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. 346 1

A special cultivation technique of separated blasts of peripheral blood in suspension culture has been used for cytogenetic diagnosis of patients suffering from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and refractory anemia with excess of blasts. Twenty-three patients were examined; in ten cases isolation of blasts was performed on Ficoll-Verografin and in the remaining 13 patients further separation of T-lymphocyte precursors by means of sheep erythrocytes was performed. Remarkably, a 100% success rate was attained in all cultivations. The optimum harvesting time was 72-96 hours; the rate of cell division per cultivation was determined by means of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation; second mitoses were revealed only after 96-hour cultivation. In all patients, except one, abnormal karyotypic changes were ascertained in separated blasts of peripheral blood cultivations. In most cases the morphology of chromosomes obtained from separated blasts of peripheral blood cultivations was of excellent quality.
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PMID:Cytogenetic study of circulating blasts in leukemias. 347 Jan 20

Twenty-eight adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute leukemia were studied to determine if additional chromosomal changes were related to specific morphologic and clinical features. Twenty patients had chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC), three had Ph+ de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and five had de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Chromosomal abnormalities in addition to a single Ph were noted in 90% of patients with CML-BC and included a second Ph (five patients), +8 or duplication of part of 8q (five patients), dicentric isochromosome 17 (two patients), and +19 (two patients). Octaploidy with 4 Ph was seen in one patient with megakaryoblastic transformation. One of two patients with a progranulocytic blast crisis had a t(15;17) abnormality. Hypodiploidy was noted in 4 of 20 patients with CML-BC. Each of the four patients had prominent extramedullary manifestations of blast crisis. All had received intensive chemotherapy prior to the detection of hypodiploidy, and the cytogenetic findings were similar to those often seen in patients with therapy-related leukemia. An inv(3)(q21q26) was noted in two patients (one CML-BC, one de novo Ph+ ANLL), one of whom had hypolobulated micromegakaryocytes. Additional cytogenetic abnormalities in de novo Ph+ ANLL (especially +19) were similar to those in CML-BC. In contrast, the additional karyotypic changes in de novo Ph+ ALL (eg, +4, -7, -20, markers) were those commonly seen in ALL without a Ph and were generally different from those seen in CML-BC.
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PMID:Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia: morphologic and clinical correlations. 347 91

Cells from 82 patients with leukemia in acute phase (40 ANLL, 1 AUL, 36 ALL, 5 CGL in blast crisis) were studied for the expression of mature cell markers of the major nonlymphocytic cell lineages (monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and platelets) using monoclonal antibodies. In addition, cells were examined for the presence of HLA-A, B, C antigens, Ia antigens and common ALL antigen, as well as Fc receptors capable of binding murine immunoglobulins. Approximately one-third of ANLL specimens lacked any of the mature-cell differentiation markers studied. These were always in the relatively undifferentiated morphological subgroups (M1 and M2). Some of the specimens in these groups also expressed little or no HLA-A, B, C and/or Ia antigen. Of the lineage-specific MAb, FMC32 and FMC34, which bind to monocytes, and monocytes plus granulocytes respectively, gave the most interesting results. Together with the anti-CALLA antibody J5, they contributed to the differential diagnosis of ANLL and ALL. In addition they detected phenotypic heterogeneity within the FAB types of ANLL, particularly the M1 and M2 groups. Binding of murine IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies, apparently via Fc receptors, was commonly observed with ANLL cells. This is a potentially serious source of "false positives" in studies using murine MAb with human leukemic cells.
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PMID:The expression of mature myeloid cell differentiation markers in acute leukemia. 348 38

The relative concentrations of pCG14 RNA (a myelocyte-specific mRNA), pAM6 RNA (a monocyte-lineage specific marker), and c-myc RNA (present at higher concentrations in more primitive cells) were measured in the RNAs from peripheral blood leucocytes from leukaemic samples and normal individuals. The potential of differences in the relative abundances of these three RNAs in a series of 34 leukaemias was assessed as a means of distinguishing among the myeloid leukaemias. The chronic phase CGL samples were clustered with a high pCG14 RNA, a medium to low c-myc RNA abundance, and a variable pAM6 RNA level. The ANLL samples could be distinguished from the chronic phase CGL by virtue of different relative abundances of these RNAs: low pCG14, medium to high c-myc and a variable pAM6. The acute phase CGL samples showed a variety of relative RNA abundances with some samples sited within the ANLL region. Using samples obtained during the progression of CGL we have shown a shift in the relative abundances of these RNAs from the CGL region towards the ANLL region, and have suggested that the use of these parameters may allow the progression to acute phase to be monitored and, possibly, predicted.
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PMID:The relative abundances of specific RNA sequences can be used to classify the myeloid leukaemias. 350 78

The Seattle Marrow Transplant Team treated about 130 patients (age 4-68 yr) for hematologic cancer with supralethal chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from the normal genetically identical twin. The procedure was well tolerated. The principal problem was tumor resistance. Nevertheless, BMT for acute leukemia in relapse still cured about 20% of the patients. Moreover, BMT performed while in complete remission cured about 50% of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Sixteen patients received transplantation in the chronic phase of Ph1+ chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). All showed disappearance of all Ph1+ cells. Two died of pneumonitis. Of the 14 who are alive, 3 continue to have CGL 37-76 months after BMT and 11 remain in complete hematologic and cytogenetic remission without any Ph1+ metaphases at 31-108 months (median = 68) after BMT. Thus the Ph1-positive clone can be ablated and blast crisis prevented. BMT in the accelerated or blastic phase was far less effective. Syngeneic BMT also benefited or cured patients with lymphoma, hairy-cell leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Therefore, BMT should be considered for every patient who has a hematologic cancer and an identical twin.
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PMID:Identical-twin (syngeneic) marrow transplantation for hematologic cancers. 352 68

Immunophenotypic classification of the acute leukemias (AcL) is of well documented value in those of lymphoid or uncertain origin and of increasing importance in those of nonlymphoid origin. Most of these studies have been performed on viable cell suspensions. To study the efficacy of a simpler immunohistochemical approach to the classification of the acute leukemias requiring only peripheral blood smears, 15 AcL (including three CGL-BC) were studied using an immunoalkaline phosphatase method and a panel of anti-lymphoid and anti-myeloid monoclonal antibodies. Routine cytochemistries were also performed (Sudan black, PAS). Using immunohistochemistry, five cases marked as common ALL (four were undifferentiated by cytochemistry, one ALL), eight cases as ANLL (all ANLL by cytochemistry) and two cases marked only with anti-HLA-DR (AUL by cytochemistry). These results show that immunophenotypic analysis of AUL, ALL and ANLL can be successfully performed even when only air dried peripheral blood smears are available.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical classification of acute leukemias using peripheral blood smears. 355 50

Colony-forming cells of chronic myelocytic leukemia as well as acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in the resting state can be turned on and mobilized into cell cycle with exposure to leukocyte conditioned medium. In addition, evidence indicates that the leukemic colony-forming cells in cell cycle can be turned off and mobilized out of cell cycle by withholding the leukocyte conditioned medium. The system used in this study will be invaluable in biologic studies of leukemic cell cycling and its manipulation. With the concept of leukemic cell-cycle manipulation established, new approaches to treatment of leukemia based on growth manipulation should be explored.
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PMID:Humoral regulation of human leukemic progenitor cell cycle: the case for turning off the cell cycle. 357 5


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