Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of platelet factor 4 (FP4) was examined in 37 patients affected with blastic leukaemia, in 16 patients with blastic crisis in chronic myeloid leukaemia and in 2 patients with Willebrand's syndrome. The real activity of FP4 determined by modifying the method according to NIEWIAROWSKI after a complete lysis of granular membrances by means of triton X-100 was found to be lowered in 9 patients affected with blastic leukaemia, in 5 patients with blastic crisis and in two patients with Willebrand's syndrome. Presuming that a maximal FP4 release of the irreversible platelet aggregation must be obtained, which corresponds to the real activity, the author has examined the apparent activity of FP4 released from the aggregated platelets with the help of her own method. In this way the quality of the release reaction from the platelets can indirectly be characterized with their extremely important role for haemostasis. Whereas in exacerbated myeloid leukaemia and Willebrand's syndrome the apparent activity will correspond to the real one, there is a severe specific disturbance of the platelet release response in blastic leukaemia. The platelet aggregation is incomplete caused by the derailment of the energy metabolism and the disturbance of the adenine nucleotides, thus causing an apparent as well as a real FP4 deficiency which can be brought into the same line with pathogenesis of thrombopathy in blastic leukaemia.
 ...
PMID:[Liberation of anti-heparin activity during platelet aggregation in patients with blastic leukosis and blastic crisis of chronic myelosis]. 5 Sep 73

Blastic crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia is characterized by several cytological alterations which may represent some abortive attempts to differentiate along various cell lines as a consequence of a maturation defect of the myelopoietic cells. These changes of the hematological picture are associated with alterations of the karyotype and with cytochemical abnormalities of the blast cells, possibly related to their metabolic anomalies. In this regard 14 patients with blastic crisis were investigated to achieve an evaluation of the composition of the cell population during the acute phase. A sequence of three cytochemical reactions applied consecutively on the same slide (alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase + AS D-chloro-acetate esterase + PAS) proved to be useful for the detection of differently oriented blast cells. During the acute phase of chronic myeloid leukemia only about one half of the blast cells were expressing granuloblastic differentiation. The data may be important for some clinical and prognostic factors, since the heterogeneity of the blastic population may be associated with a particular resistance to therapy.
 ...
PMID:Consecutive cytochemical staining for the analysis of the blastic population in the acute phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. 5 52

Deoxycytidine kinase, which phosphorylates deoxycytidine (CdR) and its analog, cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), has been purified 71-fold from human leukemic cells. Biochemical properties of the partially purified enzyme included a molecular weight of 68,000, Kms of 7.8 muM for CdR and 25.6 muM for ara-C, and optimal activity with ATP and GTP as phosphate donors. Ara-C phosphorylation was strongly inhibited by CdR (Ki = 0.17 muM) and dCTP (Ki = 7.3 muM) and was weakly inhibited by ara-CTP (Ki = 0.13 mM). Purification by calcium phosphate gel elution and DEAE chromatography effectively separated this enzyme from cytidine deaminase, which deaminates both CdR and ara-C, and from uridine-cytidine kinase, the enzyme which phosphorylates 5-azacytidine. CdR kinase activity was found to decrease and cytidine deaminase to increase with maturation of normal and leukemic granulocytes. Myeloblasts purified by Ficoll sedimentation revealed an average kinase activity of 15.4 U/mg protein in acute myelocytic leukemia and 12.3 U/mg protein in blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The average ratio of CdR kinase to deaminase activity in crude cell extracts varied from 0.197 in AML and 0.089 in blastic crisis to 0.0004 in normal granulocytes, reflecting the changes which take place with cellular maturation. The absolute levels of kinase and deaminase and the ratio of these two enzymes varied considerably among patients with AML, indicating that quantitative differences may be found in the metabolism of CdR and its analogs in leukemic cells.
 ...
PMID:Deoxycytidine kinase: properties of the enzyme from human leukemic granulocytes. 5 55

In order to provide leukemic patients during the critical granulocytopenic stage with a sufficient amount of granulocytes a blood cell separator with a continuous extracorporeal circulation was developed. This permits to obtain up to 3.0-10(10) leukocytes during a 4---5 hours period from a single donor. According to our own experiences with 20 leukophereses performed in 13 healthy donors by the use of the AMINCO cell separator an average of 1.17-10(10) leukocytes with a granulocytic portion of 61% was collected per run. In two cases of agranulocytosis and septic fever (one case of pseudomonas septicaemia) the repeated administration of leukocyte concentrates, while specific antibiotic therapy was continued, led to a marked improvement over a longer period of time. Furthermore thrombocyte concentrates up to 7.0-10(10) platelets can be obtained by the cell separator. Applied as depletory method in the treatment of CML and CLL leukopheresis may rapidly diminish the peripheral leucocyte count while spleen and lymphomas decrease in size at the same time. A 20% reduction in cell count may be achieved by a serie of 3---4 leukophereses. Also the use of the cell separator in the treatment of makroglobulinemia by plasmapheresis is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[The use of the cell separator in the treatment of leukemia]. 5 75

Leukemic cells from all human chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and some acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) donors are lysed by rabbit antisera to a purified glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV gp71) in a microcytotoxicity assay. These antisera are not cytotoxic to cells from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or to peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors. A goat antiserum to gradient purified FLV in addition to reacting with cells from CGL and AMML donors also reacted with cells from AML patients and some ALL donors. However, this antiserum failed to react with cells from CLL patients. Peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes prepared from leukemic patients in clinical remission failed to react with antisera to FLV and FLV gp71. Absorption experiments demonstrated that the antigen on CGL cells which is reacting with the antiserum to FLV gp71 is also present on normal human platelets and neutrophils. Similar absorption studies showed that the antigen on AML cells detected by the FLV antiserum is not present on normal leukocytes and platelets and appears to be related to the major internal p30 antigens of mammalian RNA tumor viruses. Another antigenic relationship between oncornaviruses and membrane antigens of human leukemia cells was shown by the ability of FLV antigens to absorb the cytotoxic reactivity of nonhuman primate antisera detecting human leukemia-associated antigens. FLV and FLV gp71 antigens were able to absorb all cytotoxic activity of monkey and chimpanzee antisera to human myeloid leukemia antigens when these antisera were tested with CGL cells. These two approaches to an analysis of cross-reactivity indicate that the antigenic determinant(s) detected by the cytotoxic reactions of the FLV gp71 antiserum with human CGL cells is different from the determinant on FLV gp71 which is responsible for the inhibition of the reactivity of simian antisera with CGL cells. Since the goat and rabbit antisera to FLV and FLV gp71 are able to distinguish AML from CGL cells by direct cytotoxicity testing and absorption, they may be valuable reagents for the serological diagnosis of myeloid leukemia. In addition, since peripheral blood cells from AML and CGL patients in clinical remission were seronegative, the antisera may be valuable as management aids. The data in this report indicates that whatever the mechanism of leukemogenesis is in man, cells from CGL and AML patients possess certain membrane antigens which cross-react with FLV structural components such as p30 and gp71.
 ...
PMID:Relationships between membrane antigens of human leukemic cells and oncogenic RNA virus structural components. 5 69

The gene products of the LA and FOUR loci of the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) are generally considered to be a major target in the Indirect Cell Mediated Lympholysis (ICML) test. Within most experiments, a positive correlation exists between the number of HL-A antigens challenged and lympholysis. When different experiments are collated this correlation is less obvious. This discrepancy might be caused by differences between the individual HL-A antigens involved in the afferent phase (MLC) and/or the efferent phase (CML). In 28 experiments involving 97 unrelated individuals we have compared statistically 12 different antigens governed by the LA and FOUR loci. When only one of these antigens is challenged in ICML, target lymphocytes are lysed to different degrees allowing a significant classification of the antigens into different groups, which do not coincide with the classification in the LA and FOUR series antigens. It is concluded that the antigens of the HL-A system are not of equal importance when challenged separately in ICML. The existence of a separate CML locus and a corresponding linkage disequilibrium to the SD loci of the MHC region is suggested.
 ...
PMID:Cell mediated lympholysis in man. Varying strength of the HL-A (LA and FOUR) antigens as sensitizing or target determinants. 5 5

A total of 1,921 leukapheresis procedures have been performed on 532 normal and CML donors at six research institutions, for the purpose of supporting granulocytopenic leukemia patients during infectious episodes. The addition of HES alone or in combination with either etiocholanolone or dexamethasone, resulted in a significant increase in the numbers of leukocytes (granulocytes) harvested by continuous and noncontinuous flow centrifugation. Normal donors participating in these programs were monitored prior to and immediately following each procedure by standard laboratory methods which revealed no serious or abnormal changes occurring as a result of the procedure in those undergoing single or multiple donations with these agents. CML donors tolerated the addition of only HES well, as evidenced by the lack of toxic reactions in three donors undergoing 101 to 121 procedures.
 ...
PMID:Hydroxyethyl starch as an experimental adjunct to leukocyte separation by centrifugal means: review of safety and efficacy. 5 17

4 cases of chronic monocytic leukemia were observed during several years. In 2 patients there was a final appearance of blastic crisis. During the course of the disease the activity of the naphthylacetate-esterase in the monocytes increased, but the PAS-reaction was lowered. By the help of two cases for comparison - one patient suffering from a chronic myeloid leukemia and intermediate monocytic phase, the other one from a panmyelopathia and monocytic reaction - the morphological resemblance of these phenomena is demonstrated, which cytochemically cannot be separated.
 ...
PMID:[Cytochemical data in chronic monocytic leukemia]. 5 1

By the use of citrated hydroxyethyl starch (HES) as anticoagulant, the Haemonetics blood processor can be used to obtain large numbers of granulocytes from patients with CGL. This report is of 67 leukaphereses on 11 different patients. A median of 1.14 x 10(11) granulocytes was obtained per 6-cycle pheresis (3.4 x 10(10) per liter of blood processed), or eight to ten times the number obtained from comparable leukaphereses of normal donors. High yields of platelets were also obtained, although not in proportion to granulocytes, since some of the patients used as donors have normal or even low platelet counts. The patients tolerated the procedure well, and no adverse reactions to HES were observed. The patients experienced a mean 35 per cent drop in the postleukapheresis WBC count, but in no case was this drop sustained for more than a few days, and no lasting effect on the disease process was observed.
 ...
PMID:Leukapheresis of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), using the Haemonetics blood processor. 5 35

Sixty patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) (most, in the "terminal phase" of the disease) were subjected to splenectomy because of symptomatic splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia or anemia for which they required frequent transfusions. Surgical morbidity and mortality were high when the procedure was performed on a "casual" basis, but both were reduced sharply after care of these patients was restricted to a single medical-surgical-nursing team and improved technics of surgery and perioperative management were developed. Significant hematologic and clinical benefit was achieved in half of the patients and temporary arrest of the disease was often observed, but in most patients, the basic evolution of CML was not greatly altered. In eight patients, however, long-lasting improvement (one to nine years) was recorded. Measurement of the doubling time of circulating leukemic cells and other observations were consistent with the hypothesis that, in some patients, the spleen contains a more rapidly proliferating and "more malignant" population of leukemic cells than the marrow. We conclude that splenectomy is often a useful palliative procedure in advanced stages of CML, and that it may be strikingly beneficial in 10 to 15 per cent of such cases.
 ...
PMID:Splenectomy for palliation of chronic myelocytic leukemia. 5 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>