Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nucleolus organizer activity of bone marrow cell chromosomes has been studied by silver staining (Howell, Black, 1980) for 6 healthy donors, 24 patients with acute leukemia, and 17 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, including 6 cases of blast crisis. In respect to the nucleolus organizer silver staining pattern, bone marrow cells of donors and of patients with leukemias appeared to be more heterogeneous than PHA-stimulated lymphocytes of the same individuals. The average numbers of Ag-stained nucleolus organizers per metaphase in donors (5.2 +/- 0.22), patients with chronic phases (4.9 +/- 0.30), and patients with blast crisis of myelocytic leukemia (5.3 +/- 0.37), and in those with acute leukemia (5.2 +/- 0.46) were lower than those in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes of the same individuals; a great part of bone marrow cell mitoses (from 19 up to 46%) being Ag-negative in all the above groups. A conclusion is made that the heterogeneity in silver staining of the nucleolus organizers in bone marrow cells is due mostly to differences in their mitotic cell maturity degrees. Prospects of employment of silver staining of nucleolus organizers in cells for clinical purposes are discussed.
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PMID:[Nucleolar organizer activity of normal and leukemic cells in human bone marrow]. 658 80

A purified antigen from human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells has been used to produce a myelogenous leukemia-associated monoclonal antibody. In limited FACS-IV analyses the monoclonal antibody to leukemia (CAMAL-1) as well as a conventional rabbit antiserum have been used to positively identify AML or chronic granulocytic leukemia patient cell samples. Neither CAMAL-1 nor the rabbit antiserum bound appreciably to acute lymphocytic leukemia cells, normal bone marrow, or normal peripheral blood leukocytes. CAMAL-1 was shown to be specific for AML cell extracts in the ELISA and was successfully used as an immunoadsorbent for the purification of the AML antigen from cell extracts. No significant levels of equivalent antigen were found when cell extracts from normal cells, lymphocytic leukemia cells, and lymphoma cells were similarly absorbed. These findings indicate that CAMAL-1 shows considerable specificity for an antigen associated with cells from patients with myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody to myelogenous leukemia: isolation and characterization. 658 67

Seventy-six patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) could be subdivided by core biopsy into chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL, n = 24) and chronic megakaryocytic granulocytic myelosis (CMGM, n = 52). By pure clinical definition 59 patients were grouped as classical CML and 17 showed a course which we termed atypical myelosis. The most reliable criteria for distinguishing between the classical and atypical forms were ALP-Index, peripheral leukocyte and platelet count and the estimated number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. The classical myeloses consisted of 40 per cent CGL and 60 per cent CMGM whereas the atypical consisted of CMGM only including all stages of fibrosis. Fibrosis was at the time of bone marrow biopsy found in 20 per cent of classical CML and in about 50 per cent of atypical myeloses. In classical CML Philadelphia chromosome could be detected in all the patients with CGL and in 50 per cent of those with myelofibrosis. Atypical myeloses did not exhibit Philadelphia chromosome. In 70 per cent of the cases it was possible to distinguish between CGL and CMGM by peripheral blood findings and bone marrow cytology.
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PMID:The value of bone marrow biopsy in chronic myeloid leukaemia. 659 24

On the basis of the trephine marrow histology at presentation, 52 Ph1 positive cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia were divided into two subgroups, classical chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and chronic megakaryocytic granulocytic myelosis (CMGM). In 24 cases in which conventional therapy had preceded trephine biopsy, the distribution of cases between the two groups was found to have been significantly altered. Subsequent analysis was therefore confined to the remaining 28 untreated cases; of these 15 were classified as CGL and 13 as CMGM; no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in respect of patient's age, leucocyte counts, platelet counts, NAP scores or of occurrence of 'blast' crisis. The differential diagnosis between idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) and CMGM subgroup is discussed. It was concluded that classification of chronic myeloid leukaemia on the basis of marrow histology should be restricted to Ph1 positive cases in order to obviate the possible inclusion of cases of IMF within the CMGM subgroup.
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PMID:Histological classification of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 659 44

The clonal growth pattern of bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from 16 patients with clinically suspected chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was evaluated in the double-layer agar system. Cytogenetic studies were performed on parallel marrow and peripheral blood samples. In four cases a unique growth pattern emerged, characterized by normal or increased colony-forming units (CFUc), and markedly elevated cluster-forming units (CIFUc). Three of these were Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-negative (atypical CML) and the fourth showed a mixture of Ph1-positive and chromosomally normal cells (Ph1-negative). Of the remaining cases, five proved to be CML Ph1-positive with progression to blast crisis on the basis of clinical data, clonal culture, and cytogenetics, and seven proved to be disorders other than myeloid leukemia. The combined results from clonal growth and cytogenetics have added a new parameter in the diagnosis of atypical CML and may aid in the earlier diagnosis and treatment of patients with this CML variant.
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PMID:Clonal culture and cytogenetics. Indicators of a variant of chronic myelogenous leukemia. 659 90

Morphometry was employed on different entities of chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD) and reactive lesions in addition to normal control specimens. The entities studied included: (1) inflammatory reactions of the bone marrow (so-called myelitis in chronic rheumatoid arthritis), (2) chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), (3) agnogenic myeloid metaplasia in an early hypercellular stage (so-called chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis, CMGM), (4) agnogenic myeloid metaplasia in an advanced fibrosclerotic stage or osteomyelofibrosis/sclerosis (MF/OMS), (5) polycythemia vera (P. vera), (6) reactive thrombocytosis (TH, as a sequel of miscellaneous conditions) and (7) primary (idiopathic, essential) thrombocythemia (PTH). Evaluation was done on plastic-embedded semithin sections with a constant thickness of 3 micron in approximately 20 cases of each group of CMPD. The following parameters were determined: (1) density distributions of the megakaryocyte and non-megakaryocyte compartments, (2) arrangement of megakaryopoiesis in the bone marrow space (i.e., inhomogeneity or clustering) and (3) the fine structure of megakaryocytes in PTH, with a quantitative analysis of the nuclear morphology by circular deviation and contour factors. The megakaryocyte morphology was closely related to a facultative or obligatory increase of the platelet count in these various entities of CMPD and was separable into two major categories: (1) controls, CGL and myelitis versus (2) CMGM, MF/OMS, P. vera, TH and PTH. These two categories were distinguishable by the prominence of megakaryopoiesis in the bone marrow as well as the elevated platelet counts in the periphery. Moreover, in comparison with CMGM and MF/OMS, PTH was characterized by an apparently normal maturation and a conspicuous polyploidization of megakaryocytes according to the nuclear morphology, which was similar to that of P. vera. Our results suggest that PTH presents a monolinear growth of the megakaryopoiesis in the same way as CGL exhibits a monolinear proliferation of the neutrophilic granulopoiesis. This is in contrast to the mixed cellularity of both the megakaryocyte and granulocyte lineage in CMGM and MF/OMS.
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PMID:Megakaryopoiesis in chronic myeloproliferative diseases. A morphometric evaluation with special emphasis on primary thrombocythemia. 659 64

A transplantable granulocytic leukemia (GL-13-BC) in strain 13 guinea pigs, which has many similarities to human CML, was used to test the antineoplastic effects of two alkylating agents, busulfan and cyclophosphamide, administered in the late and early stages of the disease. Busulfan had a pronounced cytoreductive effect on circulating leukemic cells in the late, pre-blast crisis stage of this disease but all treated animals, succumbed to the leukemia with only a marginal increase in survival time relative to that of untreated controls. In this respect the guinea pig model resembles human CML. Survival time was moderately increased with early busulfan treatment but, as in the late treatment group, all animals succumbed to the leukemia. A pronounced cytoreductive action on leukemic cells was also observed in guinea pigs treated with cyclophosphamide. Late treatment with this drug produced highly variable effects on the survival time of leukemic guinea pigs; of the nine animals treated, no effect was observe in five, three showed a significant increase in survival time and one animal was still in remission without treatment when the experiment was concluded. Early treatment with cyclophosphamide produced the most striking finding of this study. Two treatments with this drug produced a complete remission in all of the treated guinea pigs. This remission lasted without further treatment for the duration of the study (greater than 200 days) while all untreated controls died within 27-37 days after receiving leukemic cell transplants. The relevance of these findings to the treatment of human CML is discussed.
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PMID:Busulfan versus cyclophosphamide treatment in the early and late stages of granulocytic leukemia in guinea pigs. 659 77

By means of inducing random migration of leukemic cells in human peripheral blood by an agarose plate method, a study was made to see how migration distance and cell morphology after migration differed with the type of leukemia. After 3 days of incubation, the distance of random migration in cells of lymphocytic leukemia patients was on the average 0.41 mm for the cells of 13 patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and 0.03 mm for the cells of four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia which were all of B-cell origin. Thus leukemic cells of T-cell origin migrated farther than those of B-cell origin. In the cases of myelocytic leukemia, the distance of random migration was on the average 0.54 mm for the cells of five patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, 2.42 mm for the cells of three patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia, 1.69 mm for the cells of four patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia at blastic crisis and 3.78 mm for the cells of one patient with chronic monocytic leukemia. Thus, cells of monocyte origin migrated quite well. Migrating cells differing from cells of smear samples retained their original natural morphology and were considered to serve as an aid in the differentiation of types of leukemia.
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PMID:A study of leukemic cell migration by an agarose plate method. 688 55

We describe two patients with typical myelogenous leukemia, who at the beginning of the disease lacked the Philadelphia chromosome in bone marrow cells, and 90 and 42 days later, respectively, its presence was shown in all cells analyzed from that tissue. These findings are compatible with the possibility that at least occasionally Ph1 occurs secondarily in already leukemic cells. The rapid change form Ph1- to Ph1+ CML in one of the patients (42 days), suggests the possibility that in addition to Ph1+ cells enjoying marked selective advantage, this change is induced simultaneously in multiple bone marrow cells.
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PMID:Late-appearing Philadelphia chromosome in two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. 693 78

In 1,083 core biopsies of the bone marrow with myeloproliferative diseases 454 cases or 42% were found to have neoplastic megakaryopoiesis. Neoplasia of megakaryocytes was assumed from the conspicuous cytological atypicality revealed by light microscopy, extending and confirming earlier ultrastructural findings. Histopathology of the bone marrow in these patients was described as chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis - CMGM - since neutrophilic granulopoiesis is also apparently neoplastic and both cell lineages showed a complete differentiation to mature forms. CMGM should be separated from the chronic granulocytic leukemia - CGL - which consists of only a single line proliferation. The incidence of CGL in our total of 1,083 patients was 25%. Both entities are included in chronic myeloid leukemia - CML - because of the demonstration of the Philadelphia chromosome in the hematopoietic cells of these two groups of patients. Primary or idiopathic thrombocythemia has to be differentiated from CMGM since there is no evidence for malignancy of the granulocytic series.
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PMID:Chronic megakaryocytic granulocytic myelosis-CMGM. A subtype of chronic myeloid leukemia. 693 64


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