Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fucosyltransferase (FT) activity of normal lymphocytes, normal granulocytes, and various types of human leukemic cells and electrofocusing pattern of FT activity in human leukemic cells and normal lymphocytes were examined using asialofetuin as an acceptor. Levels of FT activity in normal lymphocytes were higher than those of normal granulocytes in which FT activity was almost undetectable. The FT activity was higher in blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis than in blast cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The level of FT activity was lower in cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia than that of normal lymphocytes, but it was higher than that of normal granulocytes. Three main isoelectric forms of FT in leukemic blast cells were identified by isoelectrofocusing, and they each had a characteristic focusing point: around pH 4.5 (peak 1); pH 4.9 (peak 2); and pH 5.2 (peak 3). In blast cells of myeloid leukemia, the activity of peak 3 was markedly higher than those of peaks 1 and 2. In blast cells of lymphoid leukemia, the activity of peak 3 was also the highest, but the activity of peak 2 was higher than that in myeloid blast cells. In normal lymphocytes, the major isoelectric form of FT was focused at around pH 4.9 and peak 3 was undetectable. These results indicated apparent differences not only in FT activity but also in isoelectric forms of FT between myeloid leukemic cells and lymphoid leukemic cells.
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PMID:Electrofocusing pattern of fucosyltransferase activity in human leukemic cells. 347 18

The activity and intracellular distribution of catalase was studied in culture human myeloid leukemia cells before and after induction of differentiation with tunicamycin. Activity of catalase was increased 5-fold in acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML) and 3-fold in chronic myeloid leukemia cells in comparison with normal granulocytes. Tunicamycin induced differentiation of HL-60 line and primary AML line characterized by increase in phagocytic cells and changes to resemble mature myeloid cells. Fc receptors were also induced in cells after tunicamycin treatment. Induction of differentiation with tunicamycin decreased high activity of catalase in cultured leukemic cells. The results of digitonin titration experiments showed that in control granulocytes and differentiated leukemic cells most of the catalase activity is present in subcellular particles distinct from mitochondria or lysosomes. In contrast, the catalase activity in undifferentiated cells is present in the same compartment as the other cytosolic markers.
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PMID:Reversal of human myeloid leukemia cells into normal granulocytes and macrophages: activity and intracellular distribution of catalase. 347 45

A reciprocal translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 11, t(7;11)(p15;p15), was found in nine patients including eight with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and one with Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blastic crisis. Although a similar chromosome rearrangement has previously been reported in five patients, including three with AML and two with CML, the 7p breakpoint in some of these cases was slightly different from that detected in our patients. Notable cytogenetic and clinicohematologic findings in our patients and those reported in the literature were as follows: (a) t(7;11) occurred in myeloid leukemia, predominantly AML with subtype M2, and occasionally in other AML subtypes and in CML with or without Ph1 chromosome; (b) t(7;11) frequently occurred as the sole chromosome abnormality; (c) most patients showed a low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score; and (d) Auer rods were present in leukemic cells of most cases including Ph1-positive CML. Our findings suggest that a t(7;11)-associated leukemia constitutes a subgroup of myeloid malignancy involving maturing leukemic cells.
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PMID:Reciprocal translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 11, t(7p-;11p+), associated with myeloid leukemia with maturation. 347 4

The populations of lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins were explored in 20 patients with erythremia, 26 patients with sub-leukemic myelosis, 38 patients with pronounced chronic myeloid leukemia, and 33 patients with the blastic phase of the illness. The patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases manifested cellular immunodeficiency that was aggravated as the disease progressed. In the pronounced stage, the patients showed relative preservation of humoral immunity whereas in the terminal stage they developed humoral deficiency. Study of the time-course of changes in the immunological characteristics has demonstrated that deterioration of the characteristics starts during blast transformation of myeloproliferative diseases. This may serve as a criterion for predicting exacerbations and early diagnosis of the blastic phase.
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PMID:[Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in chronic myeloproliferative diseases]. 349 38

Effects of a 7-day treatment with the maturational agents DMF and sodium butyrate on enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism, growth rate and cell maturation were assessed in 5 human tumor cell lines, ARH-77 (myeloma), K-562 (chronic myeloid leukemia), KG-1 (myeloid leukemia), HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia) and RWLy-1 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). DMF lengthened the doubling times of all five cell lines while sodium butyrate lengthened only those of K-562, HL-60 and RWLy-1. Full maturation was induced only in HL-60 by either agent and in K-562 by butyrate. Exposure resulted in a decreased activity of the anabolic enzyme orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.10) and increased activities of the catabolic enzymes thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.4) and dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.2). Changes in the amphibolic enzyme, uridine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.3) did not follow any apparent pattern. This study indicates that the pattern of pyrimidine metabolism differs between the differentiated and slowly growing, and undifferentiated rapidly growing counterpart of several human tumors, suggesting that enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism can be used as markers for cellular growth and/or maturity.
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PMID:Effects of N,N-dimethylformamide and sodium butyrate on enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism in cultured human tumor cells. 368 65

Cellular release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) was assessed in a series of human acute and chronic lymphoid and myeloid leukemias at presentation or in an active phase of the disease. PAF-like material, showing physicochemical properties similar to those of synthetic PAF and of PAF released from IgE-sensitized rabbit basophils, was found in cultures of cells from 5 of 6 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) (2 of 2 T-ALL and 3 of 4 common ALL) and from 13 of 24 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias after stimulation with ionophore A23187 with or without phytohemagglutinin in the presence of acetyl coenzyme A. On the other hand, PAF was released only from 2 of 10 acute myeloblastic leukemias; both of them were of the more mature monoblastic subtype or M5 according to the French-American-British classification. Cells from all three cases of chronic myeloid leukemia studied were also capable of producing PAF. In eight cases of acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia, the in vivo release of PAF was assessed by testing the plasma levels of this mediator. Only in two cases (one ALL and one acute myeloblastic leukemia) could detectable levels of circulating PAF be demonstrated; it is of interest that both of these cases showed clinical and hematological features of disseminated intravascular coagulation. No PAF was documented in the plasma of the five chronic leukemias tested (four B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias and one chronic myeloid leukemia). These findings indicate that lymphoid and myeloid leukemic cells have a different capacity of releasing PAF, possibly related to the level of cell differentiation rather than to an intrinsic property of the neoplastic cells. Furthermore, in some cases, an intravascular release of PAF may occur.
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PMID:Release of platelet-activating factor in human leukemia. 386 Dec 46

A Ph1 chromosome-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with t(7;11)(p15;p15) in a 6-year-old girl is reported. Three cases of 7;11 translocation have been reported so far. The patients concerned were between 37 and 72 years of age; 2 of them had CML and the other had acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Data from these 4 cases suggest that the 7;11 chromosome translocation may be related to a subgroup of Ph1-negative CML, specifically to one that may easily proceed to blast phase, or to "subacute" myelogenous leukemia. The present case demonstrates that CML with this chromosome abnormality is not restricted to adults but also affects children. The t(1;11)(q21 or 23;p15) reported in another case with Ph1-negative CML may be a variant of this translocation.
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PMID:Possible association of a new translocation, t(7;11)(p15;p15), with Ph1 chromosome-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia. 386 54

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantations were carried out between March 1983 and July 1985 in 31 patients aged 7 to 45 years (median 18 years). Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in 1st to 5th remission was present in 8 patients, acute myeloblastic leukaemia in 1st and 2nd remission in 4 patients, chronic myeloid leukaemia, with various remission status, in 6 patients, 3 patients had severe aplastic anaemia and there were single cases of myelodysplasia and immature cell megakaryocytic myelosis. Transplantation was carried out during relapse in 8 patients with either acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukaemia. Phenotypic HLA-identical mothers (n = 2) as well as genotypic HLA-identical siblings (n = 27), and in two cases HLA-non-identical mothers, served as bone marrow donors. In leukaemia patients the conditioning treatment consisted of fractionated total body irradiation and high dose cyclophosphamide or etoposide. Patients with severe aplastic anaemia received cyclophosphamide (4 X 50 mg/kg) and fractionated total nodal irradiation (total dose 8 Gy). 19 patients (61%) survived 14 to 605 days after bone marrow transplantation. 15 patients (48%) continue to remain in complete remission with Karnofsky indices of greater than or equal to 90%. Causes for death were infection (n = 3), interstitial pneumonia (n = 3), relapse (n = 3) as well as single cases involving acute graft-versus-host-disease, non-engraftment of donor marrow and veno-occlusive disease of the liver.
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PMID:[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after fractionated whole body irradiation. Results at the Kiel transplantation center]. 389 27

Antisera raised to dehistonized chromatin from isolated normal human granulocytes revealed the presence of chromatin-associated antigens specific for the human neutrophils that appear during late stages of myeloid cellular differentiation. Immunological specificity was demonstrated by C fixation, immunodiffusion, and immunocytochemical reactions. Chromatin prepared from both normal granulocytes and specimens of myeloid leukemia showed immunologic reactivity. Although the normal antigens were detected in a specimen of CML, the position of immunodiffusion precipitin lines was different from that obtained with normal granulocyte chromatin. In addition, chromatin prepared from the myeloid leukemic cell line HL-60 expressed only one of the three precipitin bands normally found in immunodiffusion. The immunocytochemical staining reaction was confined to the nucleus of mature neutrophils in normal peripheral blood smears. Greater than 90% of cells in peripheral blood specimens of CML showed positive immunocytochemical nuclear staining. In other types of leukaemia, the normal mature granulocyte reacted with antiserum, but the nonmyeloid leukemic cells in these specimens did not. The specificity of immunologic reactions described here suggests the usefulness of nuclear antigens as cell markers.
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PMID:Human granulocyte-specific nuclear antigen(s). II. Detection of antigens in human proliferative syndromes. 615 97

The reactivity of a monoclonal antibody (CAMAL-1), raised to a purified leukemia-associated antigen (CAMAL) commonly expressed in or on cells from human myelogenous leukemics has been investigated using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique on single cell slide preparations of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) or bone marrow (BM) cells. A comparison of reactivity between CAMAL-1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and rabbit anti-CAMAL serum using this procedure has clarified that differences in reactivities relate to antigen distribution and recognition. The specificity of the CAMAL-1 MAb has been established; most samples from patients with myelogenous leukemia (acute phase or remission and CGL chronic phase) show significantly increased numbers (greater than or equal to 1%) of CAMAL-expressing cells compared to those from normals or individuals with lymphoid leukemias. Evidence is presented that indicates that expression of the CAMAL antigen may represent continued underlying pathology in the acute myelogenous leukemia remission state.
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PMID:Detection of a common leukemia-associated antigen in human myelogenous leukemia using immunoperoxidase. 623 54


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