Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A morphometric evaluation of number and grouping of megakaryocytes (MK) in five different groups of chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) was performed by counting 60 high power fields equaling approximately 14.28 mm2 of haematopoiesis in each case. Twenty-one up to 29 cases were evaluated for each of five categories of CMPD and one control group; a total of 132 cases of CMPD and 33 control cases were used. The mean number of MK per square millimetre was 15.54 +/- 1.53 in chronic myeloid leukaemia of common or granulocytic type (CML.CT), 69.91 +/- 5.85 in CML with megakaryocytic increase (CML.MI), 59.59 +/- 3.27 in polycythaemia vera (P. vera), 59.85 +/- 4.59 in primary thrombocythaemia (PTH), 67.58 +/- 4.11 in chronic megakaryocytic granulocytic myelosis (CMGM), and 19.7 +/- 3.07 in controls. The distinction between free or isolated MK, and between clustered or grouped MK corresponds to the total cell counts of MK in the various groups of CMPD. Clustering of MK was significantly higher in CMGM and PTH compared to other groups, but the difference between them was not statistically significant. Significant differences in the mean number of MK were obtained between controls and CML.CT on the one hand and all other groups of CMPD on the other. The results further support the histological sub-classification of CMPD according to the primary disorders of the Hannover classification (not advanced by sclerosis, fibrosis or excess of blasts, respectively).
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PMID:Megakaryocytes in chronic myeloproliferative disorders: numerical density correlated between different entities. 205 83

Numeric and planimetric parameters of megakaryocytes have been analyzed in 162 bone marrow biopsies of patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders--CMPD--and controls by means of an inductive knowledge-based system in combination with a multivariate data analysis. To achieve a reliable differential diagnosis between the different entities of CMPD and controls, decision trees and the rank order of the best discriminating parameters have been calculated. The cases measured were defined by 3 histopathologists who were involved in the elaboration of the Hannover Classification of CMPD. The results demonstrate striking numeric and morphologic characteristics of the megakaryopoiesis in each separate primary category of CMPD, that is (1) chronic myeloid leukemia of the common type and (2) with megakaryocytic increase, (3) polycythemia vera, (4) primary or idiopathic thrombocythemia, and (5) chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis. Thus, the morphometric measurements did confirm the validity of the Hannover Classification of CMPDs. In order to evaluate the information contained in large quantitative and semiquantitative data bases and diagnostic decisions, knowledge-based expert systems seem to represent a valuable addition to conventional statistics.
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PMID:Quantitative cytomorphology of megakaryocytes in chronic myeloproliferative disorders--analysis of planimetric and numeric characteristics by means of a knowledge based system. 209 68

Two spontaneous outgrowing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), CG2 and CG3, have been established from bone marrow cells of myeloid leukemia patients. CG2 was derived from a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) and who has a 45 XO karyotype. CG3 was derived from a patient with juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and who carries a hypotetraploid karyotype, 91XXYY. Both CG2 and CG3 cells carry the same type of translocation; t(1;19)(q23;p13). Both cell lines are of an early B cell lineage as shown by their reactivities with monoclonal antibodies OKIa, B1, B2 and B4. The combination of horizontal discontinuous agarose slab gel and Southern hybridization results show CG2 and CG3 cells are of monoclonal origin and harbor episomal EBV genomes. Approximately 50 EBV genome equivalents were contained in CG2 and CG3 cells. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrate the expression of EBV-encoded antigen (EBNA) in almost all cells of these two lines. The expression of EA and VCA is only observed in a small percentage of cells and cannot be induced by treatment with TPA and SB. Therefore, CG2 and CG3 cells are probably nonproducer cell lines for EBV. The serum samples from both patients have been shown to contain elevated IgG antibody titers to EBV antigens. Both cells are found to be nontumorigenic in nude mice. These cells may provide an important tool in analyzing molecular epidemiological aspects of EBV infections in diseases such as CMMoL and juvenile CML.
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PMID:Characterization of two newly established EBV-containing lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with myeloid leukemias. 215 89

The effects of TPA (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and RA (retinoic acid) were investigated on the cell lines HL60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) and K562 (erythroleukemia) and on cells from patients with several kinds of leukemia. There were 14 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 2 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 23 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (M1-M7), 5 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC) and 2 mixed leukemias. In almost all of the cases examined, after TPA exposure cells from patients with proven myeloid leukemia became adherent to the substrate, while lymphoid leukemia cells remained in suspension, allowing the differentiation of lymphoid from myeloid blasts. The only exception was in one case of CLL, which had cells that became adherent with long filamental projections. In addition, increased phagocytosis following TPA exposure permitted characterization of M7 as this was the only myeloid leukemia negative for phagocytosis. Further discrimination between the subtypes of myeloid leukemia could be based on the increased lysozyme production seen after TPA in M4 and M5. Esterase positivity allowed the discrimination of M1 cells, which were negative before and after TPA treatment. In agreement with the results of other authors, TPA and RA led to independent ways of differentiation, granulocytic-like lineage and monocytic-like cells being favored by RA and TPA, respectively. The capacity of the same cell to differentiate into more than one lineage, depending on whether RA or TPA was used, was only seen in the present study with M3 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Myeloid leukemia differentiation by phorbol ester and retinoic acid: a practical approach. 223 Nov 80

Although otologic involvement by leukemic infiltration was supposed to be unusual, increasing number of cases have been reported in recent years, probably due to the advance of chemotherapy, improved remission rate and longer survival of leukemic patients. Two cases of myelogenous leukemia with infiltration of mastoid bone were reported. One is 15-year-old girl with acute myelogenous leukemia, which had been well controlled for 1 year, developed a sudden onset of facial nerve palsy. The other is 30-year-old female with chronic myelogenous leukemia and blastic crisis, complained hearing loss. As both cases had exudate in the tympanic cavity, the punctures were carried out through the eardrum. The pathological study of these exudate cells revealed the involvement of mastoid bone by leukemia. The cytologic examination of exudate in the tympanic cavity is simple, time-sparing and of little burden to the patient. This technique is very useful and supposed to take the place of the exploratory surgery of mastoid cavity which is previously considered necessary for the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:[Leukemic infiltration of the mastoid bone--cytologic examination of exudate in the tympanic cavity as a useful diagnostic method]. 225 6

Human myeloid cell nuclear differentiating antigen (MNDA) is a Mr 55,000 non-histone basic nuclear protein expressed in myeloid leukemia cell lines that are at late stages of differentiation (HL-60 and U937) and in normal granulocytes and monocytes, but is not present in lymphoid cells or in other human cells and tissues tested. Affinity purified monospecific polyclonal antibodies and rat monoclonal antibodies have been developed for the immunocytochemical detection of MNDA. Using these antibodies, we surveyed 21 cases of acute leukemia classified by French-American-British (FAB) Group criteria, two cases of biphenotypic acute leukemia and one case of blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia for the presence of MNDA. The most intense staining reactions were present in the nuclei of two cases of acute promyelocytic (FAB M3) leukemia. MNDA was not detected in three of five cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (FAB M1). The remaining two cases of the M1 category showed weak to moderate staining. No staining reaction was seen in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), biphenotypic leukemia or the lymphoid blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Variable staining reactions were demonstrated in the remaining cases. These data suggest that the presence of MNDA is correlated with myeloid and monocytic differentiation in acute leukemia, being strongly expressed in M3 type, often not detected in M1 leukemia and absent in ALL.
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PMID:Expression of human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) in acute leukemias. 225 28

Examples are presented in which normal as well as abnormal chromosome distributions could be obtained from the same individual by means of bivariate flow karyotyping. Selective stimulation of T-lymphocytes obtained by E-rosetting from the blood of a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia resulted in a normal flow karyogram. The specific stimulation of myelocytic leukemia cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) yielded flow karyograms displaying the leukemia-associated chromosome abnormalities. The resulting flow karyograms could be used to discriminate between homolog differences, which appear normally in virtually every individual, and leukemia-associated chromosomal aberrations. In the case of a female chronic myelocytic leukemia patient who received bone marrow form an HLA-identical male donor, specific stimulation of various subsets of cells enabled to discriminate between leukemic host cells and non-leukemic donor cells. Both the leukemia-specific translocations and sex chromosomes were used as markers to analyse the flow karyograms obtained from the same sample.
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PMID:Clinical applications of flow karyotyping in myelocytic leukemia by stimulation of different subpopulations of cells in blood or bone marrow samples. 230 58

Serum ferritin concentration was studied in 79 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), 14 patients with polycythemia vera (PV), eleven patients with osteomyelosclerosis (OMS) and four patients with megakaryocytic myelosis (MM). Pretreatment serum ferritin concentrations were found to be normal or slightly decreased in patients with PV, OMS, MM and in the chronic phase of CGL. Patients entering the blastic crisis of CGL had highly increased serum ferritin concentrations. The severity of hyperferritinemia in these patients depended on the cytomorphological type of the blastic crisis. Highest levels of serum ferritin concentration were found in the immature myeloblastic type according to the M1- and M2-type of the FAB-classification of acute leukemias (i.e. 30-fold and 18-fold increased). In contrast, the rise of the serum ferritin concentration in the more mature types of blastic crisis was less pronounced (i.e. nine-fold in the M3-type and six-fold in the M4- and M5-type of blastic crisis). Patients with complete remission after bone marrow transplantation had normal serum ferritin concentrations. Investigation of the intracellular ferritin concentration showed, that the serum ferritin levels paralleled the intracellular ferritin concentration within the leukemic blasts: During the myeloic blastic crisis the intracellular ferritin concentration was found to be 17-fold increased compared to the intracellular ferritin concentrations in the chronic phase of CGL. Thus, our data support the concept that an increased synthesis of ferritin by the leukemic blasts is responsible for the increased serum ferritin concentration during the blastic crisis of CGL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Ferritin in myeloproliferative diseases]. 233 46

The features of nonspecific defense factors were studied in 42 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and in 18--with chronic subleukemic myelosis (CSM), in the presence of the treatment including polychemotherapy and plasmocytapheresis. Significant changes have been detected in the humoral factors of nonspecific defense (lysozyme, beta-lysins, complement components), as well as in the cellular component (phagocytic activity of the cells) in CML patients, these changes were growing with the leukemic process progressing. Plasmocytapheresis conducted produced no appreciable effect on the parameters of nonspecific resistance in the patients.
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PMID:[Status of nonspecific defense factors in patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases]. 239 64

The Southeastern Cancer Study Group conducted a phase I-II trial of sequentially administered 5-azacitidine and amsacrine in patients with refractory adult acute leukemia from September 1980 to March 1983. The 5-azacitidine was administered by continuous iv infusion on Days 1-4 at doses ranging from 112 to 200 mg/m2/day, while amsacrine was given at doses ranging from 75 to 150 mg/m2/day on Days 5-8. The doses of 5-azacitidine and amsacrine were alternately escalated through six dose levels during the phase I portion of the trial. Of 128 patients entered, 102 (80%) were evaluable for response. Remission was achieved in 13 of 80 evaluable patients with acute myeloid leukemia, in one of 12 evaluable patients with acute lymphoid leukemia, and in none of 11 patients with blastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Three remissions occurred in patients with acute myeloid leukemia who were refractory to initial induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and anthracycline combination chemotherapy. Remissions were relatively durable, lasting a median of 28 weeks in the 13 patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (range, 14-54 weeks). Toxic effects included universal severe myelosuppression, hyperbilirubinemia at a frequency and severity similar to those seen with amsacrine used as a single agent, moderately severe stomatitis and diarrhea, three incidents of amsacrine-related cardiac dysrhythmia, and a single case of probable drug-related cardiomyopathy. This combination has activity in the treatment of myeloid leukemia, which is primarily resistant to cytarabine and anthracyclines, and could have a role in primary management.
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PMID:Sequentially administered 5-azacitidine and amsacrine in refractory adult acute leukemia: a phase I-II trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group. 241 Jan 19


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