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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most important advances achieved during the past 5 years in the diagnosis and treatment of acute leukemia are presented. It is now possible to achieve complete remission in about 60% of all patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) using optimal polychemotherapy. This significant advance is in part due to improved supportive measures such as transfusions and isolation etc., which are frequently necessary during the induction phase of treatment. Unfortunately, such remissions are still of relatively short duration and seldom exceed 1 year. The treatment of relapses remains less successful. The first attempts to include immunotherapy in the treatment of AML have also been rather disappointing. Today remissions are obtained in 70% of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) which last, on the average, almost 1 1/2 years. These results, however, do not approach those in childhood ALL. Finally, the therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of blastic crisis in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) are discussed.
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PMID:[Progress in the treatment of acute leukemias]. 27 22

Survival rates improved significantly for 28,036 lymphoma and leukemia patients studied between 1950 and 1973. Nine cancers reviewed demonstrated increased one, three and five year survival rates. Greatest improvement was acute lymphocytic leukemia survival. Least improvement was for chronic granulocytic leukemia. Analyses of age-specific trends in U.S. cancer mortality since 1960 indicates death rates decreased 20% for all ages up to 45 years. This included 70% of the population, but less than 10% of all cancer deaths. Age groups over 55 experienced an 8% increase in cancer mortality. Accurate determination of national cancer incidence trends is not presently possible. Available data, representing approximately 15 million population, indicate that cancer incidence rates increased between 1960 and 1973. Age-specific trend analyses indicate unusual divergences. For the group 15 to 29-years-old, incidence increased 28% in 13 years and there was a concomitant decrease of 20% in mortality.
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PMID:Impact of cancer therapy on survival. 27 34

Second hematologic malignancies occur rarely in patients previously treated for leukemia. This report describes a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who remained in complete remission for 5 yr and then developed chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The original lymphoblasts were associated with a partial deletion of chromosome 21, while CML was associated with a classic Philadelphia marker, indicating the independent origin of the two leukemias.
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PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed by chronic myelocytic leukemia. 27 58

A child with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), Philadelphia chromosome positive, developed a non-T cell, non-B cell, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) during her blast cell crisis. The diagnosis was suggested by light microscopy and supported by histochemical stains and transmission electron microscopy. Immunologic studies showed the presence of a non-T, non-B leukemic blast population--indistinguishable from the most common form of ALL (null cell type). Markedly elevated terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity was found. The findings support the hypothesis that the primary cell involved in CML is a stem cell with pluripotential characteristics; frequently the blast cell proliferative phase terminates in acute myeloblastic leukemia, but it may also terminate in ALL. The TdT activity may be evidence of leukemic transformation and not necessarily related to the thymic origin of the lymphocytes.
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PMID:Chronic myelocytic leukemia terminating in blast cell crisis with lymphoblastic characteristics. 28 67

Membrane markers (anti-ALL and anti-Ia antisera) and an enzyme marker (terminal transferase) have been used to define an L-type or "lymphoid" type of acute transformation in chronic myeloid leukaemia and Ph1 positive acute leukaemia. Patients with L-type ("lymphoid") blasts responded to regimens including vincristine and prednisolone (VP). The markers showed better correlation with survival than did the morphology of blasts. The clinical course of patients was variable; elimination Ph1 positive clone (and hypoplasia), return to the chronic phase and relapses (including meningeal leukaemia) were observed. In contrast, patients with myeloid blasts ("M" type of blast crisis) failed to respond to vincristine and prednisolone.
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PMID:Lymphoid blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukaemia and Philadelphia positive acute lymphoid leukaemia. 28 5

Forty-four patients with Ph positive leukemia (36 developing blast crisis after chronic phase and eight presenting in acute leukemia) were classified into subgroups on the basis of reactivity of blasts with an anti-serum made against non-T,non-B acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL+), levels of terminal transferase enzyme (TdT+) and morphology. Positivity with anti-ALL serum was the most sensitive and reliable marker, and TdT was an important aid. The presence of "lymphoid" blasts in blast crisis of CML was related to the response to chemotherapy incorporating Vincristine and Prednisolone (VP). Patients with ALL+ blasts frequently (14 of 15 cases) responded to therapy while 21 of 25 patients who had no ALL+ blasts failed to respond. The clinical course of the ALL+ patients was variable: eight patients remitted with return to the appearances of the chronic phase; four patients demonstrated elimination of the Ph1 positive clone with hypoplasia and this was followed by normal (Ph1 negative) marrow regeneration in two. Subsequent relapse was of either the ALL+ "lymphoid" or the ALL-myeloid type. A regimen incorporating VP should be the treatment of choice in "lymphoid" blast crisis of CML.
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PMID:Relation of "lymphoid" phenotype and response to chemotherapy incorporating vincristine-prednisolone in the acute phase of Ph1 positive leukemia. 28 75

We have radiolabelled surface glycoproteins of different types of leukemic cell. The labelled proteins were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. Surface glycoprotein patterns discriminatory for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were found. We conclude that the analysis of the surface glycoprotein profile provides a useful method for the classification of leukemic cells according to cell type and stage of differentiation.
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PMID:Cell surface glycoprotein analysis: a diagnostic tool in human leukemias. 28 25

A 10-year-old boy, who had been in an uninterrupted remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) for six years, developed polycythemia vera (PV). One and a half months after detection of PV, he was found to have active leukemia. Both the polycythemia and leukemia receded with anti-leukemia therapy. Three possible explanations for the development of PV in a child with ALL are discussed: 1) PV was a part of his original ALL and recurred whtn patient relapsed. The PV phase was detected only during relapse because the patient was under close observation. 2) PV was a second neoplasm independent of ALL. 3) PV was part of a second leukemia which was different from the original leukemia; this new ALL was derived from a pluripotential cell line involving both erythroid and lymphoid elements. A precedent for this explanation has been observed in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:Polycythemia vera in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. 28 32

Four patients with multiple myeloma in whom a Ph1 chromosome was found were described; 1 patient had a (9;22) translocation, 2 had no evidence of a translocation, and 1 had a complex translocation (3;8;22). Ph1 chromosomes with standard (9;22) or with unusual translocations were recently found in various myeloproliferative disorders (other than chronic myelogenous leukemia) and in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These findings point to the genesis of a Ph1 chromosome in diseases other than chronic myelogenous leukemia and other myeloproliferative disorders.
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PMID:Philadelphia chromosome in human multiple myeloma. 28 21

The rapid appearance of acute respiratory distress during the course of 25 hyperleukocytic leukemias was associated with the rapid increase of the leukocytosis. The regression of the tachypnea was spectacular when treating hyperleukocytosis by exchange transfusion and chemotherapy. Blood gas studies, although blurred to some extent by in vitro blast consumption of oxygen, showed a hypoxemia with a hypo-or normocapnia. The symptoms seem to be related to the leukostasis by the mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary capillaries. This leukostasis was shown to be responsible for a septal and alveolar oedema. The high frequency of this syndrome during the course of AGL and of acute phase of CGL seems to be linked to the low deformability of the myeloblasts. In CGL at its chronic phase, CLL or even in ALL, the absence of this syndrome could be explained by the greater deformability of the circulating cells. The hyperleukocytic AGL patients which do not have this syndrome are all characterized by a stable or slowly increasing leukocytosis. Thus, this syndrome seems to characterized by hyperleukocytic granulocytic leukemias with a rapid blood leukocyte doubling rate. Treatment in such cases is an emergency.
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PMID:Respiratory distress of hyperleukocytic granulocytic leukemias. 28 51


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