Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study of 1572 women treated with radiotherapy for cervical (1478 women) and ovarian cancer (94 women) was done. Patients had been followed clinically and especially by blood tests between 1961 and 1981, comprising 8990 woman-years (WY). Following radiotherapy, 5 patients developed non-lymphocytic leukemia [2 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 1 acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL), and 2 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)]. Based on rates for the general population, 0.45 case would be expected and, therefore, the relative risk was 11.2. The average mean marrow dose for all our subjects was calculated to be 1177 rad, the risk of radiation-induced leukemia was 0.43 excess case per year per one million women exposed to 1 rad of radiation to the bone marrow. Four patients with cervical cancer who developed leukemia were in a high-dose-rate group treated with both a linear accelerator (Linac) and remote afterloading system (RALS), and 1 patient with ovarian cancer who developed leukemia was treated with a Linac alone. This is the first report of a statistically significant increased risk of leukemia for patients treated with large doses of radiation for malignant neoplasms in the pelvic region.
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PMID:Leukemia in patients following radiotherapy for malignant neoplasms in the pelvic region. 406 51

The phagocytic potential of leukemic cells in various types of acute leukemia was studied. Cases included lymphoblastic leukemia, myeloblastic leukemia, myelomonocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, progranulocytic leukemia, blast transformation of chronic myelocytic leukemia, and unclassified leukemias. Cytochemical stains were used as an aid in classification. These included Sudan black B, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and periodic acid-Schiff. Phagocytosis was evaluated after incubation of leukemic cells with Candida albicans. Rare phogocytic activity was seen in lymphoblastic leukemia, unclassified leukemias, blast crises in chronic myelocytic leukemia, and progranulocytic leukemia. Myeloblastic leukemias were feebly phagocytic. Myelomonocytic leukemia and monocytic leukemia both exhibited marked phagocytosis which distinguished them from the other acute leukemias. Myelomonocytic leukemia could be differentiated from acute monocytic leukemia by its greater phagocytic capacity.
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PMID:Phagocytosis in acute leukemia. 615 67

We have tried to improve existing methods for demonstration of platelet peroxidase (PPO) in human platelets and megakaryocytes by introducing a fixation of 0.1% glutaraldehyde prior to incubation in the DAB medium. This prefixation with low concentration of glutaraldehyde preserves excellent morphological detail and does not inhibit PPO activity. All 23 platelet-rich plasma samples show PPO reaction product in the dense tubular system after incubation in DAB medium with 0.003% H2O2. When 0.01% H2O2 is used in excessive DAB medium, PPO activity can also be demonstrated in platelets and megakaryocytes of bone-marrow cell suspensions. This method can be used for the identification of megakaryoblasts in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and in blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. PPO cytochemistry can be combined with postfixation in a OsO4-ruthenium red mixture. This method reveals alpha-granules, dense bodies, microtubuli, glycogen, mitochondria, dense tubular system and invaginated membrane system in the same platelet and is useful for investigation of platelet ultrastructure.
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PMID:A reliable method with good cell preservation for the demonstration of peroxidase activity in human platelets and megakaryocytes. 619 33

The effects of three monoclonal antibodies (B3/25, 43/31, and 42/6) reactive with human transferrin (Tf) receptors on growth of normal and malignant myeloid cells were examined using in vitro culture techniques. When added directly to cultures, all three antibodies caused dose-dependent inhibition of normal granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (CFU-GM) growth. Monoclonal antibody 42/6 was by far the most potent of the three, with an ID50 of less than 5 micrograms/ml. Identical effects were seen on CFU-GM from three patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Growth of colonies from two myeloid leukemia cells lines (KG-I, HL60) was also inhibited by all three antibodies, and these cells were generally more sensitive than normal CFU-GM. Blast colony-forming cells from three patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were relatively resistant to the antibodies, and CFU-GM from a patient with myeloid metaplasia were resistant (ID50 greater than 50 micrograms/ml) to 42/6. In liquid culture, growth of the leukemic cell lines was inhibited by saturating concentrations of the three antibodies, although in both liquid and colony culture recovery was seen even after exposure to antibody for periods of up to 72 h. Analysis of the cell-cycle status of these cells showed that the antibodies did not cause accumulation of cells in any particular phase of the cell cycle. Addition to cultures of large quantities of human Tf failed to reverse the inhibitory effects of the antibodies. Competitive binding studies on the leukemia cell lines showed that only 42/6 inhibited binding of Tf to its receptor, although all three antibodies inhibited cell growth. Addition of Fe chelate (as ferric nitriloacetic acid, FeNTA) failed to reverse the inhibitory effects of the antibodies on CFU-GM and HL60 cells, but had variable effects on KG-I cell growth. FeNTA fully reversed inhibitory effects of 42/6 on KG-I cells. We conclude that monoclonal antibodies to Tf receptors can inhibit growth of both normal and malignant myeloid cells. Overall, no selectivity for malignant vs normal cells is apparent, although malignant cells from one individual were more sensitive to colony inhibition by 43/31 monoclonal antibody than normal CFU-GM.
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PMID:Effects of anti-transferrin receptor antibodies on growth of normal and malignant myeloid cells. 630 80

In the mouse, retrovirus B and C are causal agents of mammary cancer and leukemia, respectively. In previous work it was demonstrated that sera of leukemia-lymphoma patients possess antibodies which react with antigenic determinants of Type C virus present on AKR-lymphoma and AKR-thymus targets. The object of this paper was to determine whether these antibodies also reacted with Type B viral antigens present on a virus-induced BALB-mammary carcinoma; at the same time a comparative study was carried out with sera of breast cancer patients. A total of 325 sera were obtained from 277 leukemia-lymphoma cases under protocol treatment: 232 acute lymphoid leukemia, 23 acute myeloid leukemia, 15 chronic myeloid leukemia and 55 Hodgkin lymphoma sera. A total of 240 sera were obtained from breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and 196 sera from normal blood donors served as controls. Using indirect immunofluorescence with labeled anti-human IgG and the murine targets, antibodies were encountered in a high percentage of cancer cases and were consistently absent in normal sera. The results confirm the presence of antibodies reacting with murine Type C virus in leukemia-lymphoma cases and indicate the presence of antibodies reacting to both Type B and C retroviruses in the sera of breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Antibodies presumably cross-reacting with mouse retrovirus type B and C in the sera of both leukemia-lymphoma and mammary cancer patients. 631 22

In this study, we investigated antigens present at the surface of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells by using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) approach. The MAb AGF43 reacted with acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and was unreactive against chronic myeloid leukemia cells. A large proportion of AML blasts showing minimal or no differentiation (AML-M1) were intensely labeled by AGF43 in contrast to a smaller percentage of blasts showing partial differentiation (AML-M2 and acute myelomonocytic leukemia). The AGF43 antigen is expressed by bone marrow lymphoid (TdT+) and myeloid (CFU-GM) progenitor cells, 95% of B cells and 65% of T cells in the blood and absent from monocytes. Only 17% of normal myeloblasts were weakly stained by AGF43. Sections of tonsil and spleen were used to confirm that, unlike antibodies to MHC class II antigens, AGF43 stained a majority of T cells and macrophages were unreactive. In conclusion, the MAb AGF43 identifies a new precursor cell antigen. The distribution of this antigen during normal myelopoiesis and on AML cells support the suggestion that acute myeloid leukemias originate in pluripotent or closely related myeloid stem cells.
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PMID:Antigen shared by human hemopoietic precursor cells and T and B lineage cells. 633 60

Total body irradiation is today the main conditioning method for patients who have bone marrow transplantation. The most diffuse procedure, as proposed at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center of Seattle, has been employed in this study. Our clinical material comprises 16 patients; 5 with acute lymphoid leukemia; 5 with acute myeloid leukemia; 4 with chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated fase; and 2 in blastic crisis. Clinical results and toxicity are discussed, with emphasis to interstitial pneumonia.
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PMID:[Total body irradiation in the preparation of leukemic patients for bone marrow transplantation]. 633 67

Twenty-six patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis were studied by means of multiple biopsies during a polychemotherapeutic or autologous bone marrow transplant protocol. Following chemotherapy, 3 main phases were observed: leukemic cellular depletion, stromal bone marrow reconstruction, and bone marrow hemopoietic restoration. Following intensive chemotherapy (in 2 patients after cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation) and autologous bone marrow transplantation, the 3 phases appeared to be shorter. A focal or diffuse increase in marrow fibrosis was a common finding in leukemia. An effective antileukemic therapy resulted in a decrease in fibrosis, whereas in some cases a further increase was a precocious sign of leukemia relapse.
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PMID:Histomorphologic study of bone marrow in acute leukemia following chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. 634 21

At Saitama Cancer Center a Phase II study of Vindesine was carried out in 18 patients with hematological malignancy being refractory to standard chemotherapies. Vindesine (VDS) was given weekly at a dose of 3 mg/m2 as single-agent chemotherapy. One cytoreduction effect (CE) in 5 patients with acute lympho blastic leukemia, two CEs in 2 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, one PR and one CE in 4 patients with CML/BC, three PRs in 3 patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of large cell type, one CR in 2 patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma and one PR in 2 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma were obtained. VDS was discontinued in two patients because of neurologic toxicities such as incontinence of urine, abdominal distension, and severe constipation.
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PMID:[Phase II study of Vindesine in patients with hematological malignancy]. 634 82

Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) bone marrow determinations were performed on 67 patients with leukemia using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. A total of 103 smears were evaluated on 32 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. With some exceptions, TdT levels were elevated at onset, declined during induction except in resistant cases, decreased during remission on chemotherapy, showed slight elevation during remission off chemotherapy, and rose during relapse in those cases previously positive. The most important finding was that patients in remission may have elevated TdT levels. Those were usually less than 10%. A total of 124 bone marrow smears were evaluated on 29 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. In general, values in all categories were below 1%, with a few elevated between 1% to 10%. Six patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis had 13 bone marrow smears evaluated. Five were in myeloblastic crisis and had values of less than 1%; 1 was lymphoblastic which had 50% positive cells at onset. In our experience, TdT determinations are of value in lymphoblastic leukemia in diagnosis, in predicting response to therapy, and in detecting early relapse.
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PMID:Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT): serial observations on patients with leukemia. 635 15


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