Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023473 (chronic myeloid leukemia)
 18,916 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In situ chromosomal hybridization of a probe for part of the lambda light chain constant region (C lambda) has demonstrated that the 22q11 breakpoints of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) t(9;22) and Burkitt lymphoma t(8;22) are not identical. For CML, the breakpoint is distal to the IGLC genes, whereas for Burkitt lymphoma it is proximal. The study provides direct evidence for regional assignment of the IGLC gene cluster to 22q11.
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PMID:In situ hybridization and translocation breakpoint mapping. I. Nonidentical 22q11 breakpoints for the t(9;22) of CML and the t(8;22) of Burkitt lymphoma. 646 87

Nonrandom chromosome changes have been identified in a number of malignant human tumors. The leukemias are among the best studied malignant cells and they provide the largest body of relevant cytogenetic data. In chronic myeloid leukemia, a reasonably consistent translocation [t(9;22) (q34;q11)] is observed in 93 percent of all Ph1 positive patients. In the other patients, translocations are either two-way, involving No. 22 with some other chromosome or complex translocations involving Nos. 9 and 22 and another chromosome. In acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, two translocations are each specifically associated with leukemic cells arrested at two different stages of maturation. One of these, t(8;21)(q22;q22), is found mainly in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (AML-M2). The other, t(15;17)(q22?;q21?), is seen only in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL-M3). Various translocations have been observed in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or in Burkitt lymphoma. The most common is t(8;14)(q24;q32), but variants of this, namely t(2;8)(p13?;q24) and t(8;22)(q24;q11), have also been observed; in all of these, the consistent change involves 8q24. The various immunoglobulin loci are located on chromosomes 2, 14, and 22 in the same chromosome band affected by the translocations in B-cell leukemia. These translocations may occur randomly. If a specific translocation provides a particular cell type with a growth advantage, then selection could act to cause the proliferation of this aneuploid cell line vis-a-vis cells with a normal karyotype. In this view, the chromosome change could be the fundamental event leading to the leukemic transformation of an otherwise normal cell. The challenge for the future is to define the genes located at the sites of consistent translocations in myeloid leukemias and to determine the alterations in gene function that are associated with the translocation.
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PMID:Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia and lymphoma. 660 85

An IgM kappa monoclonal antibody (WI-1) reacted against HL-60 cells in indirect immunofluorescence and microcytotoxicity tests. It failed to react against 19 other cell lines representing acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphocytic leukemias, multiple myeloma, Burkitt's lymphoma, monocytoid cells and virus induced lymphoid cell lines. Normal peripheral blood nucleated cells and bone marrow cells derived from acute granulocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia also failed to react with WI-1. Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, transferred with mitogens, showed no reaction against the antibody. There was some decrease in the reactivity of the cells, against WI-1, following maturation with dimethyl sulfoxide. However, a large percentage of the cells remained positive after maturation. WI-1 reacted specifically against an antigen on the HL-60 cells which had a molecular weight of about 42,000 dalton. Peripheral blood cells from one patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia failed to react with the antibody. It is possible that acute promyelocytic leukemia is an antigenically heterogeneous disease. A large population of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients needs to be tested to see if the specific antigen on HL-60 cells, detected by WI-1, is demonstrable in other patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody against a unique antigen on human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). 675 47

Flow karyotype analysis was performed to assess the feasibility of fluorescence-activated sorting of Burkitt lymphoma (BL)-associated translocation chromosomes. The typical 14q+ chromosome in the t(8;14) and the two "variant translocations", the 2q+ in the t(2;8) and the small 22q- in the t(8;22), could be identified as single peaks within the flow karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes isolated from several different BL-lines for each translocation. The translocation chromosomes could be separated with a high degree of purity and in quantities suitable for biochemical analysis. The same analytical and preparative technique was also successfully applied to the identification and sorting of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome in a 9;22 translocation-carrying CML-derived line and a familial (11;22) translocation.
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PMID:Flow karyotype analysis and fluorescence-activated sorting of Burkitt-lymphoma-associated translocation chromosomes. 687 39

Human hematopoietic cell lines, NALM-1, derived from Ph'-chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blastic crisis, and BALM-2, derived from B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), were tested for their heterotransplantability and clonability. Two previously established cell lines, a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, B35M, and a B-lymphoblastoid cell line, B411-4, derived from a hematologically normal person, were used for comparison. Ten million cells were needed in order for the BALM-2 cell line to grow with 74% success in the immunosuppressed mice, but 1000 million cells were needed in order for the NALM-1 cell line to grow with 74% success in those mice. As in the case of the BALM-2 line, 10 million cells of the B35M cell line were needed for 100% success in heterotransplantation, whereas 30 million cells of the B411-4 cell line resulted in 20% success of heterotransplantation. In a semisolid agarose (0.15%) medium, the cloning efficiencies of BALM-2, B35M, and B411-4 were 1.52--2.08, 26.31--38.46, and 0.09--0.12, respectively. With as many as 25,000 cells per well plated, NALM-1 did not produce any colonies in the semisolid agarose medium. Unlike most previous findings, those of the present study suggest that the heterotransplantability and clonability of cultured cells may not be invariably reliable characteristics of all proven human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. The behavior of these leukemia cell lines representing their respective original leukemia clones is interpreted as reflecting the heterogeneity inherent in the biologic characteristics seen in human leukemias.
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PMID:Heterotransplantation and clonal growth of human Ph'-chromosome-positive leukemia-cell (NALM-1) and B-cell leukemia-cell (BALM-2) lines. 692 25

Cells isolated directly from primary biopsies of Burkitt's lymphoma were found to activate the alternative complement pathway in hypogammaglobulinemic human serum. In contrast, cells isolated from patients with either acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia did not activate. No defects in the ability of Burkitt's lymphoma sera to support alternative pathway activation were detected.
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PMID:Malignant cells isolated from Burkitt's lymphoma but not other forms of leukemia activate the alternative complement pathway in human serum. 693 74

Glucocorticoid (GC) receptor and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activities were studied in leukemia cells to investigate their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Among cell lines with T-cell character, higher GC-receptor and TdT activities were found in T-ALL (HPB-ALL and ALL-Ichikawa) than in cells from adult pleomorphic T-cell leukemia (HPB-MLT). HPB-Null with pre-B cell-character exhibited moderate GC receptor but low TdT activity; Raji cells and CCRF-SB, derived from B-cell Burkitt lymphoma and B-ALL, respectively, manifested low GC receptor and no TdT activity. The highest GC receptor activity was demonstrated in null-cell ALL, followed, in order, by juvenile T-ALL, adult pleomorphic T-cell leukemia, and AML. Other kinds of lymphoid and monocytic leukemias exhibited low GC receptor and no TdT activity. Although low GC receptor and negative TdT were demonstrated in cells from seven out of nine patients under CML blastic crisis, the last patient had cells with positive TdT and GC receptor activity.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid receptors and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activities in leukemic cells. 697 4

Previous studies have demonstrated that the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is expressed by leukemic cells from approximately 80% of patients with non-T-cell ALL and 30%-50% of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. A small number of normal bone marrow and fetal liver cells also express CALLA, but the functional role of this molecule is unknown. In the present study, we have used a monoclonal antibody (J5) specific for CALLA to study the expression of this antigen in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Within the B-cell lymphomas, it was found the CALLA was expressed by almost all Burkitt's and nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas. Within the T-cell lymphomas, CALLA was expressed in 40% of patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma. Three of 3 Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and three of eight T-lymphoblast cell lines were also found to express CALLA. Normal spleen, lymph node, and thymus cells were not reactive with J5 antibody. These findings indicate that expression of CALLA is not limited to relatively undifferentiated leukemic lymphoblasts but also occurs in more differentiated lymphoid malignancies. However, normal differentiated lymphoid cells in lymph node, spleen, and thymus, which have a phenotype similar to that of lymphoma cells, do not appear to express CALLA.
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PMID:Expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) by lymphomas of B-cell and T-cell lineage. 697 48

Specific consistent chromosome translocations are regularly observed in certain human leukemias and lymphomas. For the myeloid leukemias, the constant recombinants are: the long arm of 9 to chromosome 22 in chronic myeloid leukemia, the long arm of 21 to chromosome 8 in acute myeloblastic leukemia, and the long arm of 17 to chromosome 15 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Three related translocations are seen in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia; in each one, chromosome 8 is involved with chromosome 2, 14, or 22. Analysis of a complex translocation affecting chromosomes 8 and 14 indicates that the translocation of chromosome 8 to chromosome 14 is the critical constant rearrangement. The analysis of the DNA at the translocation sites of these chromosomes, rather than the reciprocal of each translocation, appears to be the most productive focus for initial study. The various immunoglobulin loci are located in chromosomes 2, 14, and 22, the chromosomes regularly involved in translocations in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Identification of the constant chromosome regions involved in human hematologic malignant disease. 707 37

Based on our previous studies demonstrating marked anti-tumor activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated bone marrow in vitro and in vivo, we studied the generation of anti-tumor cytotoxic effectors from chemotherapy- and growth factor-mobilized PBSC from 12 patients with different solid tumors. As chemotherapy and growth factor priming could lead to important qualitative and quantitative alterations of lymphoid cells, we also looked at the distribution of lymphoid cells contained in primed PBSC. In addition, different variables were defined for successful application of the technique to clinical protocols. The cells were placed in culture at varying cell densities in either serum-containing or serum-free culture medium, supplemented with IL-2, 100 or 1000 Cetus units/ml at 37 degrees C for 24 or 72 h, in flasks or in culture bags. Anti-tumor cytotoxicity was tested against A375 (melanoma), K562 (CML) and Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma) cell lines in standard 4 h 51Cr release assay. Marked cytotoxicity was seen against all cell lines tested (A375: 32.7% +/- 5.2; K562: 52.8% +/- 4.8; Daudi: 50.5% +/- 7.2). Cytotoxicity was comparable in serum-containing and serum-free culture conditions and in tissue culture flasks and bags. Cell density up to 10 x 10(6)/ml was not associated with any significant decline in cytotoxicity. IL-2 activation of PBSC after thawing led to the generation of cytotoxicity comparable to that obtained with fresh PBSC. On flow cytometric analysis, the proportion of CD8+ T cells and NK cells (CD56+) was found to be higher in primed PBSC than in control peripheral blood mononuclear cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Interleukin-2 activation of chemotherapy and growth factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells for generation of cytotoxic effectors. 777 9


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