Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1979 to 1988, 82 allogeneic and 2 syngeneic bone marrow transplants (BMT) were performed in 78 patients (age range 13-49 years) with the following diagnoses: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (21 patients); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (15 patients); chronic myelocytic leukemia in chronic, accelerated, or blastic phase (CML-CP, AP or BC) (25 patients); myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (1 patient); multiple myeloma (MM) (1 patient); Hodgkin's disease (HD) (1 patient); diffuse poorly differentiated lymphoma (DPDL) (1 patient); aplastic anemia (AA) (13 patients). Univariant analyses were carried out to determine factors of importance in predicting outcome. AML patients receiving transplants in remission had 12/19 (63%) survivors. Only one of seven ALL patients receiving transplants in remission survives free of disease, and none of eight patients receiving transplants in relapse survived. Six ALL patients relapsed. In CML, 6 of 16 (40%) patients receiving transplants in CP survive; two of nine patients (22%) in AP or BC survive. Of the 13 aplastic anemias, 8 (62%) survive. Graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) was evaluated in 75 patients, 24 of 33 (73%) who developed GVHD died, compared to 24 of 44 (55%) who did not develop GVHD. Of the 30 patients given the combination of methotrexate (MTX) plus cyclosporine (CSP), only 23% developed GVHD, compared to 58% of those not given the combination. Interstitial pneumonia (IP) occurred in 16 patients and was fatal in 15. The introduction of daily acyclovir and weekly intravenous gamma globulin in 1985 was associated with little reduction in the frequency of IP (from 20% to 18%). However, survival increased from 21% to 47%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Factors affecting survival in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 265 45

A case of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML-M2) with a late appearance of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) is presented. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal karyotype at the time of diagnosis and for 23 months, when hematological relapse occurred, accompanied by abnormal clones, 46, XX, t(9;22) (q34;q11) (78%) and 45,XX, -16, t(9;22) (q34;q11), del (5) (q13q31) (22%). The patient died of GVHD after bone marrow transplantation. Molecular analysis confirmed bcr gene rearrangement in the cells with Ph1 chromosome. Acquisition of Ph1 chromosome during the course of hematological malignancies other than CML is extremely rare. This case is undoubtedly important for the understanding of leukemogenesis and the evolution of leukemia clones. The authors discussed possible mechanisms of Ph1 acquisition in the late stages of AML.
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PMID:[Late appearance of Philadelphia chromosome with bcr gene rearrangement in an acute myelocytic leukemia patient]. 269 64

Several new cytostatic drugs have entered clinical Phase I-II studies for treatment of leukemia: most promising are pyrimidine analogues such as 5-Azacytosine arabinoside, 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine, 5-Azacytidine, cyclocytidine, and 2'-2'-difluorodeoxycytidine. They act on different biochemical levels towards DNA-synthesis. Fludarabine is a purin analogue and seems very active in treating CLL. Tiazofurin is an antimetabolite counter-acting nicotinic acid with most promising activity in CML blast crisis. Other substances include deoxycoformycin, an adenosine analogue for treatment of T-cell neoplasias, 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 as differentiation inducer, and homoharringtonine, an alkylating agent widely used for treating de novo AML in China. New anthracyclines are THP-adriamycin, fluoroadriamycin, and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin. Amsacrine (mAMSA) finally, is a synthetic aminoacridine with DNA-intercalating properties. The intact acridine ring appears essential for antitumor activity. The plasma clearance of both total amsacrine and unchanged parent species is biphasic. There is a considerable influence of hepatic and renal impairment on plasma clearance. Clinical toxicities include marked myelosuppression, gastrointestinal symptomes, phlebitis, mucocutaneous lesions, occasionally alopecia and neurotoxities. It is a very active drug, particularly in treating AML. Studies using mAMSA alone or in combination revealed comparable results to the anthracyclines. The E.O.R.T.C. Leukemia Cooperative Group has used successfully mAMSA in several trials: relapsed and refractory AML, intensive maintenance treatment during first remission in AML, and, still on-going, during intensive consolidation randomized against BMT in AML-patients under the age of 45 years, and randomized against standard consolidation between the age of 45 and 60 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:New drugs in the treatment of acute and chronic leukaemia: current role of mAMSA. 269 2

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) M195 is a mouse IgG2a reactive with a myelomonocytic differentiation antigen found on early myeloid cells and monocytes. The reactivity of M195 with fresh hematopoietic neoplasms in the blood or bone marrow from 227 patients at Memorial Hospital was determined by flow cytometry. M195 was positive on 67% of 61 myeloblastic leukemias. Seventy percent of Tdt-negative ANLL and 30% of Tdt-positive ANLL were positive; 100% of CMMOL and 100% of CML in myeloblastic crisis or accelerated phase were positive. In contrast, M195 was positive on only 8% of 51 lymphoblastic leukemias and 1% of 70 other nonmyeloid samples. M195 binding did not correlate well with FAB classification of ANLL. The pattern of reactivity of M195 was similar but not identical to that of MY9 (CD33) on the same cases (83% concordance). Cross-blocking of M195 binding by MY9 and L4F3 (CD33) was demonstrated. M195 may bind to a different epitope on the same protein antigen. The presence of both MY9 and M195 positivity on a leukemia sample had a 98% specificity of diagnosing ANLL, which was greater than MY9 alone (88%) or M195 alone (92%). Assays of granulocytic-monocytic and erythroid colony-forming units showed M195 to be present on these hematopoietic progenitors. This pattern of reactivity of M195, together with its lack of reactivity with mature granulocytic elements or with adult tissues, make it a candidate for therapy of ANLL in vivo.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody M195: a diagnostic marker for acute myelogenous leukemia. 272 60

Pulmonary fungal infections complicating hematological malignancies are difficult to diagnose antemortem because clinical findings are actually considered to be not specific. From December 1984 to June 1986 we documented the clinical findings in sixteen patients, 9 with ANLL, 6 with ALL and 1 with CML + BC; all patients were diagnosed as pulmonary fungal infection and treated for this complication. Pulmonary infiltrates occurred after severe aplasia (range 5-90 days) or during bone marrow relapse. We studied pulmonary signs and symptoms (pleuritic pain, cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, rales, rub, bronchial murmur) both at the beginning and during the management of this infectious complication and we related them to chest x-ray findings, the duration of granulocytopenia, and fever. Our purpose was to identify clinical characteristics for these episodes and establish roentgenological criteria for prognosis. These findings should improve the possibilities for an early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
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PMID:[Pulmonary mycosis as a complication of acute leukemia in the adult. Diagnostic study]. 274 May 98

Cells from three patients showed maturation after incubation with retinoic acid (2 had M-3 AML and 1 had CML-B). Three additional patients showed spontaneous maturation (1 with M-2 and 2 with M-4 AML), and in them cell maturation was also achieved after incubation with retinoic acid and cytosine arabinoside (10 nM). These results confirm different maturation capability of leukaemic cells, as well as the possibility to induce cellular maturation with retinoic acid, especially in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M-3).
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PMID:[Retinoic acid effect on the differentiation of blast cells in suspension]. 276 80

Fifty-six patients with blood disorders (23 with chronic myeloid leukemia, 14 with acute myeloblastic leukemia, seven with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and 11 with preleukemia states) were studied. A quantitative and objective method of C band length analysis with well-matched controls was used. The C bands of chromosome pairs 1, 9, and 16 presented a normal distribution that was similar in patients and controls, whereas the Y chromosome presented an abnormal distribution. Smaller C bands in 1qh and higher indexes of intrapair heteromorphism in pairs 1 and 9 were detected in the CML group; the group of acute leukemias (myeloblastic and lymphoblastic) presented a smaller index only in pair 1qh. No other differences in length, heteromorphism, inversion frequency, or sex were detected.
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PMID:Densitometric measurements of C bands of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y in leukemic and preleukemic disorders. 276 53

Evaluation of anti-HLA antibody (HLA-Ab) by lymphocytotoxicity test (LCT) was reviewed in 69 patients with hematopoietic diseases. Twenty-five (36.2%) of these 69 patients developed HLA-Ab at some time during their treatment course. In patient characteristics, eleven of 32 patients with ANLL (34.4%), one of ten patients with ALL (10%), four of nine patients with CML-BC (44.4%), six of seven patients with AA (85.7%), two of four patients with MDS (50%), and one of seven patients with other types (14.3%), who had random-donor transfusion, developed HLA-Ab. Transfused leukocytes count during two months from initial transfusion were compared between LCT positive group and LCT negative group. There were no significant differences between leukocytes count (13.8 x 10(9] of LCT positive group and that (14.2 x 10(9] of LCT negative group. As the result, we can enumerate the following factors, which are important to develop HLA-Ab. The HLA phenotype and immunity of patients may have a more important role than total transfusion volume. The longterm and continuous transfusion may increase the possibility to develop HLA-Ab. The transfusion purging leukocytes may diminish the occasions of alloimmunization. HLA-matched platelet transfusions were best against the patients who developed HLA-Ab and became refractory to platelet transfusion.
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PMID:[Measurement of anti-HLA antibody by lymphocytotoxicity test in patients with hematopoietic diseases]. 279 92

By in situ hybridization on chromosome, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes obtained from normal individuals showed slight polymorphism in terms of distribution of rDNA among Nucleolar Organizer Region (NOR) chromosomes probably due to racial differences, although their interindividual distinct polymorphism had been reported in the U.S.A. Three chronic and one acute myelogenous leukemias (CML and AML) and one chronic monocytic leukemia (CMoL) were also analysed for the distribution of rDNA among NORs. The distribution patterns in leukemia cells were found to be significantly different from those in the cells of normal individuals. Although genetic alteration of normal leukocytes was not disregarded, the changes of rDNA distribution in leukemia cells are demonstrated in this study. The Ph1 chromosome in CML carried a greater amount of rDNA. The rDNA distribution in Ph1-negative cells obtained from patients showed almost the same pattern as that of Ph1-positive cells. In AML, the t(8;21) carried a smaller amount of rDNA. Trisomic chromosome 21 in CMoL carried extra rDNA copies on its NOR. Based on these data, leukemia cells seem to show variability of rDNA distribution especially on marker chromosomes, contrary to the non-polymorphic patterns of normal lymphocytes. Thus a strong relationship between marker formation and abnormal distribution of rDNA could be suggested.
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PMID:Ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) distribution in human leukemia cells by in situ hybridization on chromosome. 279 60

The amount of granuloid macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) was studied in 16 donor bone marrows used for allogenic bone marrow transplantation in the National Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion between January, 1984 and January, 1988. In 10 bone marrow transplanted patients long-term follow up of bone marrow CFU-GM regeneration was carried out. Graft sizes were the following: 2.91 +/- 0.62 X 10(8)/kg body weight nucleated cells and 19.2 +/- 14 X 10(4)/kg body weight (CFU-GM. Preinfusion procedures (centrifugation and resuspension) did not alter CFU-GM content of the grafts. Separation of nucleated cells with hydroxyethylstarch, applied for ABO mismatched donor bone marrow, however, resulted in a 30 per cent loss in CFU-GM. Since higher than threshold graft-sizes for successful engraftment were used, no linear correlation between graft size and speed of granulocyte and platelet recovery was found. Significant difference between regeneration kinetics of bone marrow CFU-GM of patients transplanted for CML or AML and ALL was observed: in AML and ALL patients normal bone marrow CFU-GM level was found 4 to 6 months after transplantation, while in CML patients CFU-GM level approached the lower limit of the normal value only 10 to 14 months after transplantation. Granulocyte and thrombocyte recovery of CML patients showed a significant delay when compared to transplanted AML and ALL patients.
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PMID:[Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in allogenic bone marrow transplantation: correlation of progenitor cell content and regeneration in the graft]. 281 58


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