Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum concentrations of Ara-C are in the range from 10(-6) to 10(-8) M in LD-Ara-C treated patients. The growth of CFU-GM from bone marrow of healthy volunteers was depressed depending on Ara-C-concentration applied in vitro. The growth of CFU-L from peripheral blood of two patients with AML (M 2) and one patient with CML in blast crisis was differently influenced by Ara-C-application in vitro. An elevated proportion of mature cells was observed in smears of cultured cells with Ara-C from two patients. The usefulness of Ara-C for a differentiation inducing therapy is discussed.
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PMID:[Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the differentiation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (CFU-GM) and myeloid leukemia blasts (CFU-L) in vitro]. 246 64

In 74 cases of acute leukaemia and of the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CML), monoclonal antibodies of the "VI" series and a few commercially available antibodies proved to be of valuable help in establishing a definite diagnosis. In 4 out of 35 cases of AML (FAB-M 1-5), and in 2 out of 16 of the blastic phase of CML only the use of monoclonal antibodies secured the diagnosis. In the group of acute lymphoid leukaemias subtypes corresponding to various levels of differentiation, were defined. The blasts of 3 patients out of the 74 did not express any of the markers studied. Two additional cases were investigated for platelet peroxidase and studied with the antiplatelet antibodies VIPL 1, 2 and 3 by the electron microscope. These cases proved to be acute megakaryoblastic leukaemias (acute myelofibrosis).
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PMID:The pathomorphological diagnosis of acute leukaemias: cytology, cytochemistry and immunocytology. 247 25

Respiratory burst develops in myeloid blast cells if they differentiate functionally along the monocytic or granulocytic lineage. Using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay we studied the effects of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF), rhuG-CSF and rhuM-CSF on development of respiratory burst activity in primary blast cells from patients with myeloid leukemia. Assessing suspension cultures containing cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 13) or myeloid-blast crisis (myBC) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n = 5) it was found that the percentage of NBT positive cells was increased by at least 20% as compared to control cultures by rhuGM-CSF in 6/17 cases, by rhuG-CSF in 7/17 cases and by rhuM-CSF in 0/16 cases, representing in 'responders' a mean increase of 267% and 270% in the absolute number of NBT positive cells by rhuGM-CSF and rhuG-CSF, respectively. Morphological examination of cultured cells from 'responders', as compared to controls, showed decreased blast cell content but generally no evidence of terminal differentiation. The demonstration of Auer rods in NBT positive cells indicates that respiratory burst developed in a leukemic clone. These findings may be of physiological, pathophysiological and clinical relevance.
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PMID:Recombinant human colony stimulating factor-granulocyte/macrophage and -granulocyte, but not macrophage induce the development of a respiratory burst in primary human myeloid leukemic cells in vitro. 247 89

With increasing survival rates of children grafted for different malignancies concerns about the longterm side effects of this treatment are growing. Therefore, investigations on the function of endocrine systems were conducted in a total 28 patients grafted for various reasons: ALL (N = 18), AML (N = 1), SAA (N = 3), CML(N = 4), neuroblastoma (N = 2). The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The extent of hormonal derangements is primarily dependent on the extent of irradiation prior to BMT. Integrity of hormonal systems was found in cases without irradiation (SAA) or if TBI did not exceed 3 Gy. 2. Primary hypogonadism was present in 18 patients. 3. Primary hypothyroidism was present in 2 patients. 4. Growth impairment was observed in 8 patients. In four of these cases growth hormone deficiency was the cause. In four other cases with graft-versus-host-disease and hepatic involvement SmC/IGF I levels were severely diminished. The data suggest that in most cases BMT itself has relatively few negative effects on the endocrine regulatory system. However, more detailed investigations before and after BMT will be needed to further validate these observations.
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PMID:Influence of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation on the endocrine system in children. 248 Mar 5

In the present study plasma fibronectin levels were determined in patients with hematopoietic malignancy, particularly leukemias, in an effort to clarify their clinical implications. Among leukemia patients, those with AML, ALL, ATL or CLL had various plasma fibronectin levels that were higher in some cases, while lower in others, as compared to normal control values. An elevation of the fibronectin level was noted often in APL, while lower fibronectin values were observed in many instances of CML. In these types of leukemia, acute exacerbation as well as supervention of infection tended to be associated with lower than normal levels of fibronectin. An especially marked depression of fibronectin occurred, when leukemia was complicated by sepsis or DIC, in which a good parallel was noted between the progress of disease and the fibronectin level. In lymphoproliferative diseases, the fibronectin value varied widely, but low fibronectin levels were frequently associated with intercurrent infection or an extreme deterioration of the general physical conditions.
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PMID:Variation of plasma fibronectin levels in leukemia patients. 248 45

Using a modified alkaline-phosphatase/antialkaline-phosphatase method for phenotyping fresh human leukemias, we could demonstrate peripheral blood and bone marrow-derived blast cells to specifically react with two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), H25 and H366, previously shown to recognize natural killer cells, activated T lymphocytes and a proportion of normal hematopoietic precursor cells. MoAbs H25 and H366 were found to identify the majority of leukemic cells in patients presenting with T-ALL, LGL leukemia, pre-B-ALL, CML, and AML, respectively.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic demonstration of two natural killer surface markers, H25 and H366, on fresh human leukemic cells. 251 21

The frequencies of HLA-DP alleles in 50 acute lymphocytic, 43 acute non-lymphocytic, 50 chronic myelogenous and 51 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients were compared with 254 controls using primed lymphocyte typing. In CLL and ANLL there were significantly decreased frequencies of DPw1. Decreased DPw1 and DPw3 was observed in ALL, but after correction for the number of comparisons made this was no longer significant. However, in ALL, even after correction, there were significantly increased frequencies of DPw2 and DPw5, whereas in ANLL and CLL the only significant increases were of DP-blank, and in CML there were no positive or negative associations at all. These results suggest an influence of DP alleles in disease susceptibility and resistance in three of the four major types of leukaemia.
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PMID:Frequencies of HLA-DP alleles in the four major types of leukaemia. 251 65

The c-fms protooncogene encodes the receptor for the colony-stimulating factor 1 of macrophages. Its transforming counterpart, the v-fms oncogene has previously been recognized as the transforming gene of the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus. We have isolated rabbit antisera against a 115-kDa recombinant polypeptide containing the 926 carboxy-terminal amino acids of the v-fms protein. All antibodies recognized the cytoplasmic domain of the v-fms protein, which is 95% homologous to the corresponding domain of human c-fms proteins. These sera were applied in a survey of various human cancer cell lines, such as peripheral blood mononuclear (HL60) and choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells, as well as leukemic cells from 58 patients with acute myelocytic, chronic myelocytic or acute lymphocytic leukemias (AML, CML, ALL). Significantly enhanced levels of fms-specific tyrosine kinase activity were detected in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced HL60 and in BeWo cells, and in 7 out of 24 samples from AML patients, whereas no activity could be detected in 9 ALL or in 25 CML cell preparations. The AML cells were classified according to the FAB criteria. The highest incidence of increased fms activity was found in cells assigned to the M4 class (four out of five cases). While no activity was found in material belonging to FAB classes M2 or M3, one of the two cases of the M5 class was kinase-positive. Interestingly, two out of seven cases of the M1 class cells exhibited enhanced levels of fms kinase. These data suggest that the determination of the fms kinase may be useful to subdivide the M1 class of the FAB classification into monocytic and non-monocytic precursor leukemia cells.
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PMID:Detection of fms-oncogene-specific tyrosine kinase activity in human leukemia cells. 252 17

We describe here the presence of two classes of binding sites for GM-CSF expressed on blasts freshly isolated from five AML patients and one patient with CML in blastic phase: one of high-affinity (38-177 per cell, KD 8-150 pM) and one of low-affinity (121-806 per cell, KD 503-2683 pM). No correlation is observed between the receptor number, receptor affinity, and the growth stimulatory effect of GM-CSF on leukemic blast progenitors. Blasts from two cases showed no or negligible response to GM-CSF but expressed comparable numbers of receptors when compared with the numbers expressed by the sensitive blasts. Our data suggest that significant proliferative effects of GM-CSF can occur at low levels of high-affinity receptor occupancy. Lack of responsiveness to GM-CSF in some AML patients is not correlated to the absence of GM-CSF receptors on leukemic cells. Reduction in the growth of blast progenitors at high concentrations of GM-CSF may be attributed to the differentiating activity of GM-CSF via low-affinity receptors on leukemic cells.
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PMID:Specific binding of radioiodinated human GM-CSF to the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. 254 43

A murine monoclonal antibody LK-1 reacting with the common leukocytic antigen gp 95 was prepared by means of standard hybrid technology. This antigen was found in wider distribution on various morphologic types of human blood cells of the monocytic, granulocytic, thrombocytic, erythroid and lymphoid series (with the exception of some B lymphocytes). Furthermore, the monoclonal antibody reacted with the antigen occurring on leukaemic cells of patients with AML, CML, AMoL, ALL and AMoL and reacted with cells of some human cell lines as well.
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PMID:[Reactivity of LK-1 monoclonal antibodies with human hematopoietic cells]. 256 81


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