Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

SCN is characterized by neutropenia, life-threatening infections, and progression to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia. The only curative option is SCT, but few reports using UCB as a stem cell source exist. Here, we report two SCN patients transplanted with UCB. Patient 1 was transplanted at seven yr of age due to increasingly large injections of G-CSF (>100 microg/kg/day) and the risk of developing leukemia. He engrafted promptly and is clinically well and immune reconstituted >2 yr post-transplant. Patient 2 underwent UCB SCT at nine months of age for recurrent severe infections, despite high doses of G-CSF. He rejected his first graft, having 100% host cells on day +35, and immediately underwent a second UCB SCT. He engrafted but experienced late graft rejection six months after the second transplant. He received a third UCB SCT following a more immunosuppressive conditioning regimen. His course was complicated by HHV-6 viremia and gut GVHD, but he is now clinically well and has 99% donor engraftment >20 months post-transplant. We conclude that UCB is an acceptable stem cell source for SCN patients, but conditioning must be adequately immunosuppressive to ensure engraftment in patients without prior chemotherapy.
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PMID:Unrelated cord blood transplantation for severe congenital neutropenia: report of two cases with very different transplant courses. 1843 8

Mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a relatively rare disease. We experienced a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that took a rapid turn for the worse after the resection of a mediastinal GS. A healthy 60-year-old man had been in good general health all his life, but was diagnosed with a mediastinal tumor by his family physician and was referred to our department. The patient underwent resection of the mediastinal tumor because thymoma was highly suspected. On postoperative day (POD) 3, the patient suffered a fever as well as an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and a high C-reactive protein level. His WBC count was 77,240 at its peak on POD 9, at which point the patient was diagnosed with AML by bone marrow aspiration. The immunohistological findings showed the features of leukemia, and GS was diagnosed. Despite chemotherapy, the patient died on POD 28 as a result of rapid disease progression.
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PMID:Resection of mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma triggered the rapid progression of acute myeloid leukemia. 1857 99

Trisomy 19 is frequently encountered in cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a secondary abnormality: however, trisomy 19 rarely occurs as a sole chromosomal abnormality and, to date, it has only been reported in 48 hematopoietic malignancies, 1 case of adenocarcinoma and 1 case of astrocytic tumor. Here, we report two additional cases of trisomy 19 as a sole karyotypic aberration in myeloid malignancies. One of these cases involved a 6-month-old male who was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia minimally differentiated. His karyotype was 47,XY,+19[20]. He expired 5 days after diagnosis. Another case occurred in an 80-yr-old female who had refractory anemia with excess blasts. Her karyotype was 47,XX,+19[16]/46,XX[4]. Four months later, her peripheral blood smears suggested that the disease had progressed, but she refused further evaluation. Based on a review of the existing literature and the results of this report, trisomy 19 not only as a secondary abnormality but also as a sole karyotypic aberration is strongly associated with myeloid disorder; however, it is not preferentially found in specific FAB subgroups of myelodysplasic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:Two cases of trisomy 19 as a sole chromosomal abnormality in myeloid disorders. 1859 67

We describe a 44-year-old man with acute myelogenous leukemia who developed thyrotoxicosis after unrelated cord blood transplantation. He complained of fever, general fatigue, tremor and tachycardia on day 63. On examination of thyroid function, free triiodothyronine (23.67 pg/ml) and free thyroxine (5.71 ng/dl) were increased, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (<0.03 microU/ml) was decreased. Antithyroid receptor antibody, antithyroid peroxidase antibody and antithyroglobulin antibody were all negative. The patient was diagnosed as having thyrotoxicosis. His symptoms improved and thyroid function returned to the normal levels within 2 weeks. Thyrotoxicosis is a rare complication, but we should be aware that it may cause idiopathic fever after stem cell transplantation.
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PMID:[Thyrotoxicosis after cord blood transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia]. 1911 May 27

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), an extramedullary myeloid tumor composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series, can occur in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome, or chronic myelogenous leukemia. It can occur in any organ or tissue, but the most common involved areas are the skin, bone/spine, and lymph nodes. However, its occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract is relatively rare, and is especially rare in the colon in adults. No case of GS involving the colon in children has ever been reported. We report here an extremely rare case of GS in the colon of a 10-year-old boy with AML presenting with hematochezia. Colonic GS was diagnosed by colonofiberscopic biopsy. His hematochezia responded rapidly to induction chemotherapy and the patient remained in complete remission after 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, hematochezia may be due to colonic involvement of GS, which should be considered in the differentials in addition to thrombocytopenia, as it is usually encountered in AML patients.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma of the colon in a child with acute myeloid leukemia presenting as hematochezia. 1913 97

Many AML-associated chromosomal abnormalities, such as t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16), t(9;11), t(9;22) and t(6;9) are well known. The chromosomal aberration of t(16;21)(p11;q22) in AML is rare and it is known to be associated with poor prognosis, young age (median age, 22 yr), and involvement of various subtypes of the French-American-British classification. We report here 2 AML patients with t(16;21)(p11;q22), proved by conventional cytogenetics and/or reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Erythrophagocytosis by leukemic blasts was observed in both of the cases. One patient was a 24 yr-old male with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. His karyotype was 46,XY,t(16;21)(p11;q22),del(18)(p11.2) and RT-PCR revealed the TLS/FUS-ERG fusion transcripts. Although he received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation after the first remission, he died 9 months after the initial diagnosis due to relapse of the disease and graft-versus-host disease. The other patient was a 72 yr-old male with acute myeloid leukemia without maturation. His karyotype was 45,XY,-16,add(21)(q22) and the presence of t(16;21)(p11;q22) was detected by RT-PCR. He was transferred to another hospital with no more follow-up. We suggest that the presence of t(16;21)(p11;q22) and/or TLS/FUS-ERG fusion transcripts has to be considered in cases of AML with erythrophagocytosis.
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PMID:[Two cases of acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22) and TLS/FUS-ERG fusion transcripts]. 1989 46

To identify oncogenes in leukemias, we performed large-scale resequencing of the leukemia genome using DNA sequence arrays that determine approximately 9 Mbp of sequence corresponding to the exons or exon-intron boundaries of 5648 protein-coding genes. Hybridization of genomic DNA from CD34-positive blasts of acute myeloid leukemia (n=19) or myeloproliferative disorder (n=1) with the arrays identified 9148 nonsynonymous nucleotide changes. Subsequent analysis showed that most of these changes were also present in the genomic DNA of the paired controls, with 11 somatic changes identified only in the leukemic blasts. One of these latter changes results in a Met-to-Ile substitution at amino-acid position 511 of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), and the JAK3(M511I) protein exhibited transforming potential both in vitro and in vivo. Further screening for JAK3 mutations showed novel and known transforming changes in a total of 9 out of 286 cases of leukemia. Our experiments also showed a somatic change responsible for an Arg-to-His substitution at amino-acid position 882 of DNA methyltransferase 3A, which resulted in a loss of DNA methylation activity of >50%. Our data have thus shown a unique profile of gene mutations in human leukemia.
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PMID:Array-based genomic resequencing of human leukemia. 2040 Sep 77

A 44-year-old man became wheelchair-bound due to sever bronchiolitis obliterans caused by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia. His lung donors, his sister and his wife, were 17 cm shorter than him. He successfully underwent living-donor lobar lung transplantation with sparing of the bilateral native upper lobes to address the size mismatch. Ten months after the transplantation, the patient has returned to a normal lifestyle without supplemental oxygen.
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PMID:Living-donor lobar lung transplantation with sparing of bilateral native upper lobes: a novel strategy. 2113 Dec 14

ABO-incompatible living-donor lobar lung transplantation was performed in a 10-year-old boy with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML). His blood type had changed from AB to O since he underwent BMT and he had no anti-A/B antibody, and received type B and AB donor lobar lungs. To our knowledge, this case represents the first successful living-donor lobar lung transplantation from ABO-incompatible donors.
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PMID:ABO-incompatible living-donor lobar lung transplantation. 2116 45

A 47 year old diabetic male patient was diagnosed and treated for high risk AML-M3 at Tata Memorial Hospital (BJ 17572), Mumbai in September 1995. His bone marrow aspiration cytology indicated 96% promyelocytes with abnormal forms, absence of lymphocytic series and myeloperoxide test 100% positive. Initially treated with ATRA, he achieved hematological remission on day 60, but cytogenetically the disease persisted. The patient received induction and consolidated chemotherapy with Daunorubicin and Cytarabine combination from 12.01.96 to 14.05.96, following which he achieved remission. However, his disease relapsed in February 97. The patient was given two cycles of chemotherapy with Idarubicine and Etoposide, after which he achieved remission. His disease again relapsed in December 97. The patient then refused more chemotherapy and volunteered for a pilot Ayurvedic study conducted by the Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, New Delhi. The patient was treated with a proprietary Ayurvedic medicine Navajeevan, Kamadudha Rasa and Keharuba Pisti for one year. For the subsequent 5 years the patient received three months of intermittent Ayurvedic treatment every year. The patient achieved complete disease remission with the alternative treatment without any adverse side effects. The patient has so far completed 13 years of survival after the start of Ayurvedic therapy.
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PMID:Herbo-mineral ayurvedic treatment in a high risk acute promyelocytic leukemia patient with second relapse: 12 years follow up. 2154 51


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