Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this case of dermatomyositis, the patient's clinical course was complicated by the development of acute granulocytic leukemia. Various malignancies complicating dermatomyositis have been reported in the literature. Rarely have these been of the hematopoietic system.
South Med J 1978 Sep
PMID:Dermatomyositis complicated by acute granulocytic leukeumia. 27 27

Acute myelogenous leukemia 11 years after successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease: A contribution to the problem of second malignancies. The occurence of a therapy resistant acute myelogenous leukemia 11 years after successful treatment (operation, radiotherapy, polychemotherapy) of Hodgkin's disease is described. While this second malignancy was rarely seen in the era of minimal or no therapy of Hodgkin's disease, it is nowadays described more often. The possible causes of this second malignant tumor are discussed. Although modern therapy of Hodgkin's disease should not be abandoned from fear of second malignancies, any change in primary treatment must consider not only acute toxicity but also the occurence of late second malignant tumors. Long term follow-up of all patients treated with radiotherapy and/or polychemotherapy is necessary.
Med Klin 1978 Sep 29
PMID:[Acute myelogenous leukemia 11 years after successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. A contribution to the problem of secondary tumors]. 27 96

The diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with spontaneous acute granulocytic leukemia was confirmed by examination of the patient's bone marrow and peripheral blood specimens at the light and electron microscopic level, and by autopsy findings. Only one previous case of simultaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myelomonocytic leukemia with no prior history of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, has been reported. Although the present patient was given no mutagenic therapy, his chronic exposure to an unknown insecticide may have played a leukemogenic role.
Am J Clin Pathol 1978 Sep
PMID:Simultaneous occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and spontaneous acute granulocytic leukemia. 28 Jan 23

Metabolic balance studies were carried out in 17 unselected patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Widespread metabolic disturbances were observed. Serum Na fell below 135 mmol/1 in 14 patients (82%) and 11 patients (64%) developed hypokalaemia. An increased osmolal clearance caused by a release of electrolyte and blast cell waste (i.e. urea, urate, etc.) during chemotherapy appeared to be the principle cause of natriuresis and hyperkaluria. Seven patients had proteinuria before and eight others developed it during antileukemic therapy. Nine patients (53%) developed proximal renal tubular dysfunction with aminoaciduria, hyperphosphaturia and incomplete reabsorption of urate. No significant relation was found between this widespread glomerulo-tubular dysfunction and lysozymuria. We suggest that antileukaemic drugs release unidentified substances from blast cells which are toxic to the kidney. Metabolic alkalosis in six patients (35%) was probably related to volume depletion and hypokalaemia, while two patients developed acidaemia with the onset of renal failure. Hypocalcemia in seven patients (41%) had a multifactorial basis: hyperphosphaturia, septicaemia, malnutrition and cytotoxic drugs were among the probable causes.
Br J Haematol 1978 Sep
PMID:Metabolic disorders in acute myeloid leukaemia. 28 Mar 62

Leukemic blasts from patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia were examined for the presence of Ig, receptors for IgGFc, and for their capacity to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chicken red blood cells (RBC) coated with IgG and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) against cells of K562 cell line. Leukemic blasts from acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients lacked both Fc receptors and Ig on their surface, had no SCMC activity and majority, but not all of them, lacked ADCC activity. Leukemic blasts from patients with acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL) had Fc receptors, and 50% had IgG on their surface. IgG was cytophilic and appeared not to be directed against cell-surface antigens. This antibody did not interfere with the ADCC activity of leukemic cells. Leukemic blasts from majority of patients with AMOL mediated ADCC, but had no SCMC activity. An association between ADCC and presence of Fc receptor was observed.
Blood 1979 Sep
PMID:Studies in acute leukemia. I. Antibody-dependent and spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity by leukemic blasts from patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia. 28 85

Twenty-seven patients receiving a standard cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin regimen as induction of reinduction therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia were randomly assigned to receive lithium carbonate, 300 mg t.i.d., or no lithium. Treatment groups were comparable with respect to age and baseline granulocyte counts. All patients developed granulocyte nadirs below 100/cu mm. By actuarial analysis, the median duration of granulocytopenia, less than 1000/cu mm, was 16.0 days in the lithium group and 24.6 days in the no-lithium group, p = 0.013. The median duration of granulocytes less than 500/cu mm also favored the lithium group but only approached statistical significance: 14.0 days versus 20.5 days, p = 0.054. Lithium levels between 0.5 and 1.0 meq/liter were easily maintained in 11 of 12 patients receiving lithium, 300 mg t.i.d., and toxicity directly attributable to lithium was not observed. Despite the shortened duration of neutropenia, the incidence of infections and the rate of remission were not affected.
Blood 1979 Sep
PMID:Lithium and granulocytopenia during induction therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. 28 86

Synergistic killing of L1210 cells occurs when methotrexate (MTX) is administered just before 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C). This pehnomenon is dependent upon both the dose and time of exposure to MTX. Such increased killing of cells can be explained by the enhanced intracellular accumulation of Ara-C in cells exposed to MTX. This enhancement of Ara-C entry into cells was only observed when the dose of MTX was high enough (1, 10, and 100 muM) to result in free intracellular nondihydrofolate reductase-bound MTX. At the highest doses of MTX (10 and 100 muM) Ara-C triphosphate was increased eightfold and deoxycytidine triphosphate was decreased by 50%. Therefore, the maximum synergistic cell kill when MTX precedes Ara-C may be the consequence of greater inhibition of DNA polymerase by th;e increased Ara-C triphosphate in the presence of the decreasing natural substrate of this enzyme, deoxycytidine triphosphate. Enhanced Ara-C accumulation after administration of MTX was also observed in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells.
J Clin Invest 1979 Sep
PMID:Mechanism of synergistic cell killing when methotrexate precedes cytosine arabinoside: study of L1210 and human leukemic cells. 28 43

Profound hypokalemia was observed in 73 patients in a major university teaching hospital during a three-year period. When compared with hospitalized subjects used as controls, these patients experienced a greater mortality, were substantially more likely to be female, but were not more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. Use of a diuretic appeared to precipitate profound hypokalemia infrequently, and when it did, the clinical situation was extremely complex. Over 10% of the patients with hypokalemia had acute myeloid leukemia, an incidence 22 times greater than that expected. Hypokalemia should be sought in all patients with this disease, since it is an avoidable cause of death. Further studies into the mechanism of hypokalemia are required to explain its striking preponderance in women.
Arch Intern Med 1979 Sep
PMID:Severe hypokalemia in hospitalized patients. 28 42

Seven of 17 children (41%) under 5 years of age with acute granulocytic leukemia (AGL) treated with either cytosine arabinoside-cytoxan (CA-CYT) or Mini-COAP (CA-CYT with vincristine sulfate [VCR] and prednisone) have been in continuous complete remission 4 years or more. CA and CYT were each given in the dosage of 120 mg/m2 intravenously, daily in 3 divided doses, for 4 days. Induction consisted of two courses given at intervals of 2 weeks; during maintenance the courses were repeated at intervals of 4 weeks. In the Mini-COAP regimen, standard 28-day VCR-prednisone therapy was superimposed on CA-CYT induction and 4-day VCR-prednisone pulses were superimposed on CA-CYT maintenance. Transient moderate to severe myelosuppression was frequent; other manifestations of toxicity were mild. Administration of drugs at home was feasible in many instances. Mini-COAP was proved to be an effective therapeutic regimen for young children with AGL and should be considered as initial therapy.
Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Improved survival in young children with acute granulocytic leukemia treated with combination therapy using cyclophosphamide, oncovin, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisone. 28 34

The medical records of 94 consecutive patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were reviewed to identify significant prognostic factors. The data were analyzed using 1) Cox's linear hazard and linear logistic models, 2) chi-square comparison of the groups living longer than 2 years and those living less than 2 years, and 3) the Gehan-Breslow test of equal survival curves. The only statistically significant finding was that the presence of promyelocytic cell type and complete remission correlated with increased survival (p less than .05), but this was negated by the small number of patients with this cell type. There was a suggestive association between higher initial hemoglobin and survival (p = .09). The Gehan-Breslow test revealed a possible difference in survival between those patients more than 51 years of age and those less than 51 (p = .10). Thus none of the commonly accepted prognostic factors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia was definitely shown to be useful. The findings of this study support an aggressive approach toward all patients with this disease.
Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Prognostic factors affecting remission, remission duration, and survival in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 28 33


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