Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with M2-ANLL and a 46,XX,del(5)(q22q33), t(2;11)(p21;q24) karyotype is described. The diagnosis was made after a short period of myelodysplastic syndrome. After chemotherapy consisting of Daunorubicin and Arabinosylcytosine in continuous infusion, the patient reached a complete remission. The chromosome pattern described here has been observed in two other patients with refractory anemia and refractory anemia with excess of blasts, respectively. The breakpoints on the chromosomes 2, 5 and 11 allow us to hypothesize the involvement of N-myc, c-fms, GM-CSF and IL-3 genes.
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PMID:5q- and t(2;11) in a patient with M2 acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Case report. 262 43

A multicentric prospective pilot study using three different schedules of high-dose Ara-C at dosage of 3 g/m2 every 12 hours during 3 h of infusion was undertaken by the Italian Cooperative Group GIMEMA in order: 1. to evaluate the safety and efficacy of such treatment in previously untreated ANLL patients more than 50 years old; 2. to investigate whether the addition of a standard maintenance treatment after consolidation with 4 courses of DAT (Daunorubicin + Ara-C + 6-Thioguanine) could improve the duration of complete remission (CR) and the proportion of long-term survival. Overall 43/125 evaluable patients (34.4%) achieved CR. 32/125 died during the induction phase, the remaining 50 patients (40%) failed to achieve CR. As for the toxicity, the most significant toxicity of all schedules was hematologic. No substantial neurological or cardiac toxicity was observed. The multivariated analysis of several pretreatment characteristics revealed that age more than 60 yr, male sex and presence of infections at diagnosis were the most significant adverse factors for achievement of CR. The median duration of DFS for all responders was 9 months, with relapse-free survival at 4 yr estimated at 29%. The addition of maintenance treatment to consolidated patients had no advantages in respect to the control group, even though the statistical analysis revealed a p = 0.058. However, because of the small number of randomized patients, no conclusions can be drawn concerning the importance of maintenance treatment.
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PMID:High-dose Ara-C (HiDAC) plus asparaginase in elderly patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia: a pilot multicentric study by the Italian Cooperative Group GIMEMA. 264 29

Loss of certain red blood cell antigens has been described in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). This paper describes the loss of blood group A antigen in a patient with AML. The acute leukemia in this patient was preceded by a myelodysplastic syndrome for several months. At the time of diagnosis the patient's red cells showed the 0 Rh(D)+ phenotype. After induction of complete remission with two courses of Daunorubicin, Cytosin-arabinosid, and Etoposid his blood group reverted to A2. Serological studies including saliva analysis revealed that the original blood group was very likely A.
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PMID:Blood group change in a patient with blastic transformation of a myelodysplastic syndrome. 347 Dec 83

The authors report a case of fatal Daunorubicin cardiotoxicity on initial phase of therapy for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia at cumulative doses (225 mg/mq) considered still safe from the current literature. Despite the interruption of therapy and the interventions performed in support of cardiac functionality the patient came to exitus for heart failure 24 hours after the symptoms onset. This example represents a further confirmation of the utility of a steady monitoring with specific tests for the patients undergoing Daunorubicin therapy.
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PMID:[Early daunorubicin cardiotoxicity and fatal outcome in a child with acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2)]. 348 47

Anthracyclines chemotherapy has changed the outcome of adult acute leukemia. Daunomycin, Adriamycin and Zorubicine are the three main analog derivatives. In adult ALL, in randomized study, anthracyclines in induction regimen improve significantly the remission rate up to 80%. In AML, combination chemotherapy of Ara-C and anthracyclines is the standard induction regimen. In randomized study, Daunomycin has the same activity than adriamycin at the same dose with less toxicity. Comparison of Daunomycin: 60 mg/m2 X 3 d with Zorubicin: 120 mg/m2 X 3 d shows the same activity in association with Ara-C with less toxicity. In protocol 01 AM 81, Zorubicin has been used at the dose of 200 mg/m2 X 4 d in association with Ara-C: 200 mg/m2 X 5 d. 444 patients has been included in the study. The complete remission rate is 83% with a mortality rate of 7% and only 11% failure. Zorubicin allows intensification of induction regimen with similar or less toxicity than conventionnal regimens.
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PMID:[Therapy of acute leukemia in the adult. Role of anthracyclines]. 355 Jun 15

Human bone marrow cells from 20 patients as well as the permanent human B-cell lines RPMI 1788, Raji, Daudi, T-cell lines Molt, CEM, Jurkat and the promyelocytic line HL 60 were assayed by means of a newly developed in vitro flow cytometric cytostatic drug assay. The cells were exposed to cytosine-arabinoside, L-asparaginase, daunorubicin, prednisone or vincristine. Surviving cells were stained after an incubation period of 2 to 7 days with esterase and pH-indicator dye ADB (1,4-diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene), dead cells with DNA-dye PI (propidium iodide). Dose-response curves were established using percent surviving cells. It was possible to evaluate bone marrow samples from 16 out of 20 patients. Seven samples were leukemic (acute myeloid leukemia (AML) n = 6, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) n = 1). Nine samples were from patients either in complete remission or with benign diseases. Daunorubicin and cytosine-arabinoside were cytotoxic in both groups, whereas vincristine was effective mainly in the leukemic group (p less than 0.05). There was significant heterogeneity in the reactivity of AML-marrow cells from different patients to different drugs. The cell lines exhibited different patterns of sensitivity. Vincristine arrested cells in G2/M-phase, cytosine-arabinoside caused an increase of cells in the S-phase.
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PMID:Cytostatic drug testing in human leukemias by means of multiparametric flow cytometry. 367 21

Of 119 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 69 were treated with Adriamycin, Vincristine and Cytosine Arabinoside (Therapy 1) and 50 with Daunorubicin, Cytosine Arabinoside and 6-Thioguanine (Therapy 2) as well as a consolidation therapy. The maintenance therapy with Cytosine Arabinoside and 6-Thioguanine was the same for both groups. The complete remission rate was 44% for Therapy 1 and 68% for Therapy 2 (p less than 0.05). - The median values for remission duration were 7 and 13 months respectively (p = 0.10); for survival time the median values were 18 and 19 months. These figures show in retrospect that high remission rates can be attained through intensive induction therapy and that longer remission duration is correlated with more aggressive induction therapy. A mild form of maintenance therapy seems to have little effect on the duration of complete remission.
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PMID:Therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in 119 adults: a comparison of two treatment protocols. 386 Feb 65

A 44-year-old house-wife was admitted to the hematological clinic of our hospital on December 21, 1981 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Hematological examination showed severe anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. She was soon started on DCMP therapy (Daunomycin, Cytosine arabinoside, 6-MP and prednisolone). After several repeats of remission and aggravation, she suffered from vertigo, nausea and vomiting in early August of 1982. The CT scan and angiography showed a mass lesion in the middle of the posterior cranial fossa. On August 26, surgical extirpation of the tumor locating in the vermis of the cerebellum was performed successfully. On gross examination the tumor revealed smooth yellowish-red surface, elastic in consistency and measured 40 X 40 X 30 mm in size. Histologically it comprised the leukemic cells. The pathology of the central nervous system due to leukemic cells was discussed in relation to the pertinent literature, including the CT findings and the indication of the surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Acute myeloid leukemia with intracranial tumor formation--case report]. 386 29

The intensity of modern protocols for remission induction of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia presents a major problem in elderly patients because of toxicity. Most studies concerning this question indicate that in higher age groups (greater than 60 yrs.) remission incidence worsens and the death rate increases. Therefore, the purpose of this multicenter study is to prospectively compare survival and quality of life of two different therapeutic strategies: immediate intensive remission induction using Daunomycin and Cytosine Arabinoside (branch I) versus supportive care, "wait and see" policy, and palliative cytoreduction (branch II) with Hydroxyurea and Ara C when necessary. During the first 8 months after activating this study, 27 patients entered, 13 were randomized to branch I and 14 to branch II. It is too early to report meaningful results.
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PMID:[AML-7 study of the value of intensive remission induction in aged patients with acute myelocytic leukemia]. 388 58

Daunorubicin uptake and metabolism were studied in vitro with human myeloid leukemia cell lines (KG1, ML1); erythroleukemia cell line (K562); and myeloblasts from two untreated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Uptake of daunorubicin by all the above was very similar, but metabolism of daunorubicin to daunorubicinol and the levels of reductase activity were extremely variable. We believe that this heterogeneity accurately reflects the in vivo situation in humans with acute leukemia. In vivo anthracyclines are subject to extensive metabolism, and the majority of patients do metabolize the drug to some extent; it is important, therefore, to use cell lines that reflect the in vivo metabolism. Conversely, rodent cell lines, which apparently lack one of the two major classes of daunorubicin reductase and do not appreciably metabolize daunorubicin, appear to be inadequate as models for studies designed to evaluate the enzymatic mechanisms of daunorubicin metabolism.
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PMID:Uptake and metabolism of daunorubicin by human myelocytic cells. 389 Nov 21


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