Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum concentrations of Ara-C are in the range from 10(-6) to 10(-8) M in LD-Ara-C treated patients. The growth of CFU-GM from bone marrow of healthy volunteers was depressed depending on Ara-C-concentration applied in vitro. The growth of CFU-L from peripheral blood of two patients with AML (M 2) and one patient with CML in blast crisis was differently influenced by Ara-C-application in vitro. An elevated proportion of mature cells was observed in smears of cultured cells with Ara-C from two patients. The usefulness of Ara-C for a differentiation inducing therapy is discussed.
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PMID:[Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the differentiation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (CFU-GM) and myeloid leukemia blasts (CFU-L) in vitro]. 246 64

From December, 1985 to October, 1987, 16 patients aged from 14 to 62 (median 34) with acute leukemia in relapse (10 affected by ANLL and 6 by ALL) were treated with the following regimen: Idarubicin 12 mg/m2/day on days 1-2-3, Ara-C 600 mg/m2 twice a day from day 1 to 6. Twelve patients (75%) achieved complete remission (C.R.). Two (12%) died during the induction phase from alveolar pneumonitis. One patient was resistant. The median duration of C.R. and survival was respectively 12 (range 6 to 100 +) and 23 weeks (4 to 108 +). The median duration of granulocytopenia was 16 days (range 10 to 24 days). The most frequent non-hematological complications consisted of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mucositis. Four patients had hepatic and splenic microabscesses of suspected mycotic etiology, and one showed a transient cardiac arrhythmia. The C.R. rate obtained in this series may be considered satisfaying since all but 3 patients were on treatment at the time of relapse. Yet the short duration of C.R. suggests the opportunity of performing consolidation cycles or suprelethal therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Idarubicin combined with intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of refractory acute leukemia. 249 85

Seventy-four patients over 60 years of age with new cases of ANLL diagnosed between January, 1980 and December, 1986 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-nine (median age 63, range 60-70) received aggressive induction polychemotherapy: 15 achieved CR (52%), 10 were resistant (34.5%) and 4 died during induction (13.5%). Overall median survival was 6 1/2 months, median CR duration and median survival of responders were 9 and 13 months, respectively. Eight patients (median age 70.4, range 64-74) received low doses of Ara-C: 2 achieved CR, 5 were resistant and 1 died during induction, with an overall median survival of 6 1/2 months; 37 patients (median age 72, range 60-86) received only supportive care and cytostatic therapy for disease control with Hydroxyurea and 6-Mercaptopurine if WBC greater than 20 x 10(9)/l: overall median survival was 6 months and 2 patients are still alive after 18 and 26 months. Aggressive chemotherapy seems to be the treatment of choice in patients less than or equal to 70 years, while for those over 70 current supportive care may offer good survival and a good quality of life.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in the elderly: results of a retrospective study. 250 Nov 70

A 30-year-old man developed acute myelogenous leukemia nearly 3 years after treatment of Hodgkin's disease with radiation and three chemotherapy combinations. Remission was induced with one cycle of high-dose Ara-C therapy. Three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy were given. The patient then had two autologous bone marrow transplants, the first after conditioning with 5 Gy total body irradiation, the second after Melphalan 140 mg/m2. The procedures were well tolerated, although hematological reconstitution was very slow after the second autotransplant. The patient has been disease-free for over 4 years. Such patients may be more vulnerable to transplant-related complications because of their previous exposure to chemotherapy and radiation, which may damage several organs including the bone marrow. This report demonstrates that patients with secondary acute myelogenous leukemia may tolerate a double autotransplant procedure and achieve durable remissions.
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PMID:Double autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease. 258 67

Based on bone marrow findings and bone marrow stem cell kinetics and response to treatment, we have developed individualization of intensive induction and postremission chemotherapy for adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Thirty-four consecutive adults with ANLL were treated with an intensified induction regimen and a high dose sequential postremission therapy consisting of daunomycin, Ara-C, 6-MP and prednisolone (DCMP). The first course of remission induction was continued till achievement of a complete marrow aplasia which resulted in a decrease of leukocyte count less than 0.6-0.8 X 10(9)/L, a decrease of marrow nucleated cell count to less than 8 X 10(9)/L, and a decrease of marrow leukemic cell to less than 5%. Postremission therapy consisted of 4 courses of DCMP and a course of high-dose Ara-C. The first postremission course was initiated within 2-3 weeks subsequent to the last induction course. Twenty-eight of 34 patients (82.4%) achieved complete remission. The 4 year disease free survival rate was 64.4 +/- 14.0%. The results convinced us that individualized intensive induction and postremission therapy of adult ANLL given at the time of minimal residual leukemic disease in early remission might be sufficiently effective to produce long-term DFS to be considered potential cured.
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PMID:[The curative treatment of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]. 260 Oct 25

In 3 patients with ANLL, chemotherapy including high or conventional doses of Ara-C had been ineffective. However subsequent treatment with low-dose (LD) Ara-C induced a PR or CR which were sustained with regular LD Ara-C reinduction courses. Survival of the 2 patients with PR was 24 and 8 months respectively. The patient with CR was alive 18 months after a bone marrow graft. In 2/3 cases, the cytogenetic abnormalities initially detected disappeared with treatment. These observations suggest that the cellular mechanism of action of LD Ara-C is different from that of HD Ara-C, but do not favour a differentiating action of LD Ara-C. LD Ara-C can be prescribed as a salvage therapy even after failure of high or conventional doses.
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PMID:Low-dose arabinosyl cytosine therapy of AML may be effective after failure of high or conventional doses. 260 42

Ara-C sensitivity test and suicide tests of L-CFU using [3H] deoxycytidine (dCyd) and [3H] thymidine (TdR) were performed in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and with chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis (CML-BC). We found a correlation between ara-C sensitivity and the [3H] dCyd suicide test of L-CFU (p less than 0.001); and between ara-C sensitivity and the [3H] TdR suicide test (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that the [3H] dCyd suicide test reflects the degree of activity of ara-C metabolism in L-CFUs.
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PMID:[Relationship between Ara-C sensitivity of leukemic-colony forming units (L-CFU) and [3H] deoxycytidine suicide test of L-CFU]. 261 40

A patient with M2-ANLL and a 46,XX,del(5)(q22q33), t(2;11)(p21;q24) karyotype is described. The diagnosis was made after a short period of myelodysplastic syndrome. After chemotherapy consisting of Daunorubicin and Arabinosylcytosine in continuous infusion, the patient reached a complete remission. The chromosome pattern described here has been observed in two other patients with refractory anemia and refractory anemia with excess of blasts, respectively. The breakpoints on the chromosomes 2, 5 and 11 allow us to hypothesize the involvement of N-myc, c-fms, GM-CSF and IL-3 genes.
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PMID:5q- and t(2;11) in a patient with M2 acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Case report. 262 43

The characteristics of leukemia in elderly patients, especially acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and therapy are reviewed. The features differ little from those in young ANLL patients, except for the frequencies of the preleukemic state and poor performance status. Preleukemic states are observed in about 30% of elderly patients and about 40% of the elderly patients have a poor performance status on admission. Anthracycline and Ara-C are generally used for the treatment of ANLL in elderly patients. Many reports suggest identifying a group of patients with favourable prognostic factors and treating them intensively. However, the prognostic factors reported were variable. A good performance status and normal- or hypocellular bone marrow were the most important prognostic factors in our study. Low dose Ara-C may be effective in ANLL in elderly patients with hypoplastic bone marrows. Supportive care is also very important in elderly patients.
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PMID:Leukemia in patients more than seventy years old. 262 54

Of 455 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANL) patients who underwent marrow transplantation, 95 (21%) relapsed a median of 6.5 months posttransplantation and 62 received further treatment. Twenty achieved remission. Success of therapy was related to the length of time from marrow transplant to relapse and to the use of cytarabine (Ara-C) and daunomycin. Aggressive chemotherapy for patients relapsing within 100 days of marrow transplant was associated with a high incidence of early death (six of 14 patients) and a low probability of remission (one of 14). Of 23 patients who relapsed in excess of 1 year from marrow transplant, 15 achieved a complete remission. The median disease-free survival is 6 months (range, 0.4 to 53+ months). Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) recurred in 130 of 366 patients (36%), and 94 received further therapy. Fifty-two achieved a remission. Remissions were more common in late relapse patients (greater than 1 year from transplantation): 65% v 7% for those relapsing within 100 days from transplant (P less than .05). Testicular relapse occurred in 11 patients and was the sole site of relapse in seven. Three are alive and free of disease 58 to 109+ months after relapse. The median survival for the treated patients is 10.5 months (range, 5 to 109+ months). We propose that reinduction be attempted in all patients relapsing greater than 1 year from marrow transplantation. Ara-C and daunomycin should be employed in the treatment of ANL. The decision for treatment of patients relapsing earlier than 1 year should be made on an individual basis.
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PMID:Relapse of acute leukemia after marrow transplantation: natural history and results of subsequent therapy. 264 40


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