Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adults (274) with acute leukemia (AML) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment regimens: vincristine, prednisone, cytarabine--(1) 100 mg/sq m/day with cyclophosphamide (COAP); (2) 100 mg/sq m/day with daunorubicin (DOAP); and 200 mg/sq m/day (OAP). Cytarabine was infused continuously for five days. Patients entering complete remission randomly received maintenance treatment with COAP or OAP. For 197 previously untreated AML patients given COAP, DOAP, or OAP, remission rates were 37%, 35%, and 43%, respectively; median lengths, 40, 45, and 90 weeks; median survival, 7, 11, and 8 weeks. No statistically significant difference was found among treatments. Therefore, adding cyclophosphamide or daunorubicin, or using the COAP regimen with continuously infused cytarabine, produced no significant improvement over previously reported regimens. There was no significant difference in remission lengths in previously untreated AML patients maintained on OAP (median 81 weeks) or COAP (median 65 weeks).
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PMID:Chemotherapy of acute leukemia: a comparison of vincristine, cytarabine, and prednisone alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide or daunorubicin. 68 22

Mitotic indices, labeling indices (LI), and tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA of marrow cells were conducted in patients with leukemia to determine if correlations existed between kinetic measurements, clinical features, and response to chemotherapy. Higher proliferative activity was observed in chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and blastic phase of CGL than in acute leukemia. In acute myelogenous leukemia there was no correlation with various clinical features studied. Those patients demonstrating greater than 60% reduction in circulating leukemia cells within 7 days had a higher initial LI than those with less than 60% reduction. Cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, and hydroxyurea were investigated to determine their synchronizing capability; cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate were superior to hydroxyurea. In a cycle-sensitive schedule specifically designed to synchronize cells, responses occurred more frequently in patients who increased thier LI 48 hours after priming doses of cytosine arabinoside. In an intensive-chemotherapy schedule which produced more remissions than the cycle-sensitive schedule, there was no relationship between initial kinetic measurements and response. Kinetic values increased as patients achieved remissions.
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PMID:Synchronization with phase-specific agents in leukemia and correlation with clinical response to chemotherapy. 102 39

Cytarabine is an effective agent in the treatment of acute leukemia. Since its approval by The Food and Drug Administration in 1969, the clinical effectiveness of this drug has increased as knowledge of its pharmacologic and biologic properties has been translated into clinical trials. A complete remission rate of greater than 50% can be achieved when cytarabine is used in combination with other agents in the treatment of adult acute myeloblastic leukemia. Remissions occur only after the development of significant bone-marrow hypoplasia, and the care of patients through this period of pancytopenia requires elaborate supportive techniques and facilities. The role of cytarabine in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma is still under clinical investigation and appears promising. Because the clinical effectiveness of cytarabine in the treatment of nonmalignant diseases has not been proved, its use in these disorders must be considered investigational and weighed against the serious bone-marrow suppression and potential long-term hazards of this drug.
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PMID:Drugs five years later: cytarabine. 105 59

Cytarabine and thioguanine therapy for acute myelocytic leukemia, initiated during the 26th week of pregnancy, led to complete remission of the leukemia in a 22-year-old woman, and allowed for delivery of a normal infant at term. No chromosomal abnormalities were detected in the infant. Cytarabine and thioguanine in combination are effective agents in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Their use appears warranted in pregnant patients after the first trimester.
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PMID:Treatment of acute leukemia during pregnancy. 105 36

Rubidazone was used as sole chemotherapy in 170 adults and children with acute leukemia and sarcoma. When rubidazone was employed to treat the first attack, complete remission was achieved in : 1) 40 out of 70 patients (57%) with AML; 2) two out of six patients with AML where previous chemotherapy had failed; 3) four out of five patients with ALL; 4) 12 out of 14 patients with acute monoblastic leukemia. When used to treat relapse, rubidazone produced complete remission in : 1) 14 out of 31 cases of AML; 2) 18 out of 39 cases of ALL; 3) 2 out of 3 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment of a case of rhabdomyosarcoma was unsuccessful. In the treatment of acute myeloblastic and monoblastic leukemias, it may be concluded that rubidazone induces a higher rate of complete remission than any other previously reported drug which was used alone. It also achieves remission rates similar to those resulting from a combination of daunorubicin and Ara-C. Furthermore, when compared with daunorubicin, rubidazone allows better control of the induction of aplasia.
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PMID:Clinical study of rubidazone (22 050 R.P.), a new daunorubicin-derived compound, in 170 patients with acute leukemias and other malignancies. 106 26

Results of the treatment of 102 acute leukemia patients are presented. The diagnosis in 61 patients was acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in 41 patients acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). In the treatment of AML were used Daunorubicyne (DNR), Cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) or combination of both drugs, some elder patients being treated with 6-mercapropurine. Number of patients were made aplastic and died during the initial phase of therapy. Nine of 24 patients treated with DNR, ARA-C or combined developed complete remission, 6 patients lived for one year and 4 patients two years. ALL patients were treated with Prednisone-Vincristine, Prednisone-Vincristine-DNR and some of them with Prednisone-Vincristine-DNR-Cyclophosphamide-L-Asparaginase combinations of drugs. Complete remission was obtained in 22 out of 32 patients (69%) and 6 patients lived for 2 years.
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PMID:[Results in the treatment of acute leukemias at the Internal Clinic B in the period 1970-1975]. 106 23

Forty-eight patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) not eligible for anthracycline or mitoxantrone treatment, mostly due to cardiac contraindications, were given aggressive therapy using m-amsacrine (AMSA) in combination with conventional or high-dose cytarabine for remission induction. Twenty-nine patients (60.4%) responded to treatment, and complete remission was attained in 19 (39.6%), partial remission in 4 (8.3%) and death in bone marrow aplasia without detectable blasts in 6 patients (12.5%). Median time to granulocyte recovery was 32 days, median duration of relapse-free survival 199 days. One patient experienced a serious cardiac adverse event; nausea and vomiting were observed in 73%, diarrhea in 44%, and hepatoxicity in 29% of patients. All potentially AMSA-related side effects were fully reversible, and a lethal complication did not occur. It is concluded that combination chemotherapy with AMSA and Ara-C is also effective and tolerable in leukemic patients in whom cardiotoxic drugs are contraindicated.
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PMID:AMSA combination chemotherapy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia unsuitable for standard antileukemic treatment. 129 Sep 61

Inversion of chromosome 16 was found in a 73-year-old female with acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB:M2). Complete remission was achieved by combined chemotherapy (DNR, Ara-C, 6-MP, Prednisolone), but she relapsed 6 months later without CNS involvement and died of respiratory failure presumably due to cerebrovascular accident during remission reinduction chemotherapy. Biphenotypic surface markers (CD2+ and CD13+) were observed on relapse. Eosinophilia was not observed throughout. Our patient and the other reported case suggest that biphenotypism and the lack of eosinophilia and monocytosis in inv (16) leukemia may be correlated with a poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Inversion of chromosome 16 observed in acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) with biphenotypic surface markers lacking monocytosis and eosinophilia]. 135 70

We carried out an in vitro study on the combined effects of three CSF (G-CSF, GM-CSF and IL-3) plus the cycle-specific chemotherapeutic drugs [cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and daunorubicin (DNR)] on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of blasts and clonogenic cells (CFU-AML) in the AML-193 cell line, in AML patients and in normal bone marrow CFU-GM. The number of surviving blasts and/or DNA synthesis in blasts treated with CSF plus Ara-C or DNR was greater than those treated without CSF in the AML-193 cell line, and in some AML patients. On the other hand, the Ara-C- and DNR-mediated cytotoxicity of CFU-AML was not abrogated by CSF in any instance, but rather, it was significantly enhanced by all the CSF in the majority of instances. Although the enhancement was clearer when Ara-C was used, compared with DNR, there were no significant differences among the enhancing effects of the CSF. Under the same culture conditions as those for CFU-AML, all of the CSF significantly enhanced the Ara-C-mediated cytotoxicity of day 7 normal CFU-GM, although to a lesser extent than in CFU-AML. However, none of the CSF significantly affected the Ara-C-mediated cytotoxicity of day 14 normal CFU-GM or the DNR-mediated cytotoxicity of day 7 or day 14 normal CFU-GM. These results suggest that in the selection of a strategy entailing combined use of cycle-specific drugs plus CSF to increase the antileukemic effectiveness of chemotherapy in AML, G-CSF is preferable to GM-CSF or IL-3, since it has fewer potential clinical side effects, and that, furthermore, DNR may be as useful as Ara-C.
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PMID:Comparative effects of G-CSF, GM-CSF and IL-3 on cytosine arabinoside- and daunorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity of acute myeloid leukemia cells and normal myeloid progenitors. 139 3

To determine whether the biological characteristics of leukemic cells change after repeated chemotherapy, we compared the proliferative activity and drug sensitivity of leukemic blast progenitors in 7 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia at diagnosis and in relapse. The proliferative activity of leukemic blast progenitors was assessed based on primary (PE1) and secondary (PE2) colony formation in methylcellulose culture and on the recovery of clonogenic cells in suspension culture. The effect of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) on leukemic blast progenitors was studied both in methylcellulose and in suspension cultures. PE1 and PE2 values varied among the patients. PE2 of 4 patients out of 7 patients became significantly higher in relapse than at diagnosis. The sensitivity to Ara-C of leukemic blast progenitors deteriorated in 5 patients in relapse. The results suggest that the biological nature in terms of proliferative activity and Ara-C sensitivity of leukemic blast progenitors may change in the clinical course after chemotherapy.
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PMID:Comparison of the proliferative activity and sensitivity to cytosine arabinoside of leukemic blast progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia at diagnosis and in relapse. 141 57


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