Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression of lineage-associated surface antigens, was studied in 7 patients with acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), 3 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 4 patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and bone marrow from 2 healthy donors, before and after exposure to the differentiating agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The surface antigens were identified by monoclonal antibodies (My4, My8, My9, MO1, B1, CALLA, T11) and formation of EA and EAC rosettes. Adherence to plastic was also assessed. Cells from the AML patients responded to TPA with an increase in myeloid antigen positive cells and other markers of differentiation. Four of the AUL patients showed, also, a large increase in the fraction of cells expressing one or more myeloid markers, in correlation with formation of EAC rosettes. In contrast, the percentage of cells expressing myeloid antigens, did not increase in the 4 ALL patients, or in the normal donors. These findings confirm the heterogeneity of undifferentiated leukemias, and suggest the hypothesis that some AUL's can be induced to express markers of early myeloid cells.
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PMID:Acute undifferentiated leukemia: induction of partial differentiation by phorbol ester. 399 Mar 34

The carbohydrate antigen 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (FAL) is expressed on human granulocytes and is detected by a monoclonal antibody B4.3. After neuraminidase treatment, this structure can also be detected on monocytes and on the cells of nearly all acute myeloid leukemia patients (38/39). It is then also present on the cells of a number of CALLA-positive lymphatic leukemias (8/18), but not on T-ALL and B-ALL cells. On cells of patients with AUL, the antigen is then detected in many TdT+ cases, but not in TdT- cases.
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PMID:Detection of the granulocyte-specific antigen 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine on leukemic cells after neuraminidase treatment. 619 17

A human leukemia-associated differentiation antigen has been identified by a monoclonal antibody (A12) raised to the lymphoblastoid cell line NALM-1. The A12 antigen was expressed on the surface of leukemic cells from patients with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c-ALL) as well as on cells of the hematopoietic cell lines NALM-1, Reh-6, Raji, Daudi, CEM, and 8402 as determined by an antibody-binding radioimmunoassay, as well as by indirect immunofluorescence and FACS analysis. This antigen was not detected on normal blood lymphocytes, normal bone-marrow cells or leukemic cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The A12 antigen had an apparent molecular weight of 100 kD as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and appeared to be related to if not identical with the acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen CALLA described by others. Cross-blocking experiments indicated that preincubation of NALM-1 cells with antibody A12 or J5 (anti-CALLA) could block subsequent binding of 125I-labeled A12 and J5 antibody. These results suggest that the two monoclonal antibodies recognize identical or closely located antigenic sites. The surface membrane expression of A12 antigen in NALM-1 cells was modulated when the cells were cultured in the presence of A12 antibody. Under these conditions, the expression of Ia antigens was unaffected. Re-expression of A12 antigen occurred within 24 h after transfer of the modulated cells into medium devoid of monoclonal antibody.
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PMID:Characterization of a monoclonal antibody (A12) that defines a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated differentiation antigen. 620 73

VIL-A1 is an anti-CALLA antibody which binds efficiently and exclusively to CALLA positive cells. When the cell type specificity of VIL-A1 is studied in acute leukemias and lymphomas, results show that in those leukemias which could be characterized by cytochemical and morphological methods, VIL-A1 reactivity was specific for cells of lymphoid origin. It can therefore be assumed that VIL-A1 positive AUL cells (in this case 4 out of 9 patients) are also lymphoid in origin. In no case were AML blasts found to be positive with this antibody. Seventy-four per cent of the 88 ALL patients were positive (L1 + L2) whereas none in the L3 subgroup were positive, and 48% of CML patients in blastic crisis were positive. Of the low grade non-Hodgkin malignancies, only CB/CC was positive, distinguishing it from the CC type which was negative. Of the high grade lymphomas IB was found to be negative, while the others showed a heterogeneous picture which was not related to other immunological parameters.
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PMID:Diagnostic specificity of the monoclonal anti-CALLA antibody VIL-A1 in leukemia and malignant lymphoma. 624 21

The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) has been detected in biological fluids using a radioimmunoassay based on the inhibition of binding of 125I-labeled monoclonal anti-CALLA antibody to glutaraldehyde-fixed NALM-1 cells. With this assay, we showed first that CALLA was released in culture fluids from NALM-1 and Daudi cell lines but was absent from culture fluids from CALLA negative cell lines. Then, we found that the sera of 34 out of 42 patients (81%) with untreated common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c-ALL) contained higher CALLA levels than any of the 42 serum samples from healthy controls. The specificity of these results was further demonstrated by testing in parallel the sera from 48 patients with CALLA negative leukemias, including 26 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 12 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and 10 acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL). All of these sera gave negative results, except for one patient with AUL, who had a significantly elevated circulating CALLA level, and one patient with AML, who had a borderline CALLA level, 3 SD over the mean of the normal sera. Preliminary results suggest that circulating CALLA is associated with membrane fragments or vesicles, since the total CALLA antigenic activity was recovered in the pellet of the serum samples centrifuged at 100,000 g. In addition, the CALLA-positive pellets contained an enzyme considered as a membrane marker, 5'-nucleotidase. Evaluation of the clinical importance of repeated serum CALLA determinations for the monitoring of c-ALL patients deserves further investigation.
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PMID:Detection of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen in the serum of leukemia patients. 633 3

The present AML protocol which only applies one anthracycline associated with arabinosyl-cytosine gives a first remission plateau of 65% and a 75% survival plateau at five years. Contrary to other teams, we do not apply the allogenic bone marrow graft at the first remission but at the second one. The new protocol comprises application of two anthracyclines, adriamycin and aclacinomycin, a possible autologous bone marrow graft at first remission upon reinforcement, a combination of methotrexate and thioguanine as maintenance chemotherapy and immunotherapy with bestatine. The two protocols respectively applied to the ALL good prognosis and reserved prognosis, give 85% global survival. The autologous bone marrow graft is added at first remission to B or T forms or voluminous CALLA + types. The advantage of CNS radiotherapy is compared with its disadvantages. Bestatine is employed in immunotherapy. The immunoprevention protocol applied to CML blastic crisis (vaccination with a pool of CB blasts) from the second year has prolonged survival of patients suffering from this affection and also treated by splenectomy and hydroxyurea. Allogeneic or autologous bone marrow graft is added to the protocol. The same protocol is applied to not very aggressive LLC and LNH (lymphocytic and centrofollicular with small cleaved nucleus cells) and includes maximum remission induced by chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy (by thymuline and then, if immunity disorders are not corrected, by zinc, then bestatine and finally tuftsin). A similar sequence was applied to the myeloma, comprising MLP-PDN-CPM chemotherapy to induce remission, combination of MLP-PDN and CPM and, if there is resistance, CLB, 6-TG, PDN and TNP. Interferon is appropriate with certain cytopenic forms. A protocol comprising VCR, ADM, PDN, CPM and TNP is applied to centrofollicular NHL with small non cleaved nucleus cells or large cells. As Hoerni and Jones have obtained significant benefits with BCG, its terminal application is compared with that of bestatine. Finally a less mutagenic protocol than MOPP and/or ABVD is proposed for Hodgkin's disease. In this protocol, two cycles alternate, and they combine: a) firstly VCR, PDN, THP-ADM and VPS, and b) secondly VLB, DXM, ACM and TNP with alternatively BLM and PPM between the cycles. This chemotherapy is followed by the same immunorestoration protocol as that applied to LLC and myeloma.
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PMID:[Protocols for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma: toward escalation or toward reduction of degree?]. 638 Jun 5

The specificity and the clinical usefulness of the hybridoma derived monoclonal antibodies raised against the differentiation antigens of granulocytes (VIM-D5, VIM-C6), monocytes (VIM-D2), B lymphocytes (VIB-C5, VIC-Y1), erythrocytes (VIE-G4) and CALLA (VIL-A1) was studied in leukemic cells isolated from peripheral blood and bone marrow of 41 adults with acute leukemia by using indirect fluorescence method. The VIL-A1 positivity was observed in 4/9 of ALL and in none of myeloid leukemia. It was accompanied in 3/4 of cases by VIB-C5 positivity and in one case by VIE-G4 positivity. It is important that 2 out 3 unclassifiable cases (PAS-) could be diagnosed as common ALL due to their VIL-A1 positivity. VIM-D5 like VIM-C6 reacted specifially with granulocytic cells only and gave positive results in 20/30 of acute myeloid leukemias. When classified according to the FAB scheme, the proportion of VIM-D5 + patients rose from M1 toward more mature subtypes, including M4/5. It allowed to identify as AML 2/6 of unclassifiable-Mo leukemias, VIC-Y1 appeared to be helpful in characterization of B cell malignancies and of myelomonocytic leukemias. It is concluded that the monoclonal antibodies of VI series are specific and allow a more precise definition of leukemia, thus helping in optimalization of treatment.
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PMID:Application of series of monoclonal antibodies against human white cell differentiation antigens and the common ALL antigen in the characterization of leukemia cells. 643 53

Sixty-six children with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), 26 adults with ALL and 47 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were subclassified according to the classifications French-American-British (FAB) and World-Health-Organization (WHO). Nine immunological markers and 6 cytochemical stains were also used. The reproducibility of the WHO classification of the smears performed independently twice by one observer was 93%, but that between two observers only 78%. Three patients considered ALL by A were called AML by B, but all three had the common acute leukemia antigen, CALLA. In the group of 87 patients considered ALL by B, only 74 were classified ALL by A, but of the 13 non-ALL B, none had the CALLA. Ten of these thirteen patients had myeloid markers such as Philadelphia chromosomes, peroxidase or Sudan Black B positive reactions, or Fc and C3 receptors. The remaining 3 patients were non-Hodgkin lymphoma with B-cell markers. None of the 47 cases classified as AML had CALLA. Seventeen of nineteen myeloblastic leukemias (M2, FAB) had a myeloid antigen (Mag) and 13 of 15 myelomonocytic leukemias (M4, FAB) had, in addition, Fc and C3 receptors.
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PMID:Cytological and immunological study of 139 patients with acute leukemia. 654 56

Rabbit and monkey antisera after appropriate absorption were rendered specific for normal or leukemic lymphoid- and myeloid-associated antigens. Antisera defining a common peripheral blood T-cell antigen, a thymus leukemia antigen, HLA-DR or Ia-like antigen, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), and a myeloid-monocyte (M) antigen were used in a microcytotoxicity assay to classify leukemic cells from 30 patients in a double blind study. The antisera to the M antigen reacted with adherent peripheral blood cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and failed to react with nonadherent mononuclear cells and enriched T-cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. The M antisera also reacted with U937, a monocytic-type cell line, and with HL60, a promyelocytic-type cell line, but failed to react with T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. The specificities of the other antisera have been described in previous reports. Cells from three of the patients could not be phenotyped by microcytotoxicity testing. Cells from 25 patients had a consensus morphological or histochemical diagnosis of either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The serological classification of these patients using the five types of antisera listed above were consistent with the consensus diagnosis. In addition, the lymphoid cancers were further subclassified as to T-, B-, or thymus antigen types. There was no consensus lymphoid versus myeloid diagnosis on cells from two patient. The serological classification in both cases favored a diagnosis of myeloid rather than lymphoid leukemia.
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PMID:Classification of human leukemia by membrane antigen analysis with xenoantisera. 679 6

A combined immunological, morphological, and cytochemical approach to the study of malignant cells in patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma is presented. Newly produced monoclonal antibodies that bind to antigens of human mononuclear cells (TA-1), or B-lymphocytes (BA-1) were used to study malignant cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). acute myelocytic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Results in lymphoid leukemia-lymphoma patients were compared with other immunological markers and indicate that the major groups of ALL and childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are T-ALL, pre-T-ALL, pre-B-ALL, B-ALL, and non-T, non-B-ALL. In addition, each major group had multiple phenotypes when analyzed with seven immunological markers including the erythrocyte rosette receptor, surface immunoglobulin, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M, the early lymphocyte-acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen, monoclonal antibody TA-1, monoclonal antibody BA-1, and a monoclonal antibody against HLA-DR. While immunological heterogeneity was demonstrable within each group, distinct biological behavior was observed, with T-ALL and B-ALL generally presenting as "lymphomas" and the others presenting as "leukemias." Morphological analysis using the French-American-British classification provided independent information in the definition of groups with differing clinical behavior. Cytochemical analyses demonstrated focal paranuclear staining of leukemia cells with acid phosphatase in 73% of T-ALLs and 6% of non-T, non-B-ALLs.
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PMID:Use of monoclonal antibodies, morphology, and cytochemistry to probe the cellular heterogeneity of acute leukemia and lymphoma. 694 5


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