Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A five-year-old boy initially diagnosed common ALL was developed to acute myelomonocytic leukemia. At onset, the bone marrow was hypercellular and 77% of the cells were blasts, mainly lymphoblast-like cells and cytogenetic study demonstrated 45, XY, -7 in all blasts. Cytochemically most of those blasts were negative for peroxidase, sudan black B, alpha-NB esterase staining. The immunological phenotype was J5 (CD10)+, I2 (HLA-DR)+, SmIg-, CyIgmu-, Leu1 (CD5)-, OKT11 (CD2)-, MY7 (CD13)-, suggesting common ALL. Eight months later, the bone marrow cells were occupied with large sized blasts which were almost positive for peroxidase stain and the cells showed coexpression of Mo1 (CD11b)+, MY4 (CD14)+, MY7+, MY9 (CD33)+, MCS2 (CD13)+, I2+, J5-, B4 (CD19)-, Mo2 (CDw14)-, at relapse. He died 2 years and 6 months after his initial diagnosis. An autopsy was performed which revealed generalized infiltration of leukemic cells and aspergillosis of the lung. In general, monosomy 7 is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome in childhood, and is terminated to acute myeloblastic leukemia. In this case, bone marrow blasts demonstrated monosomy 7 cytogenetically, and this case was considered as an acute mixed lineage leukemia of bilineal type. And this case proved that a monosomy 7 can also be terminated to acute mixed lineage leukemia with both lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes.
 ...
PMID:[An autopsy case of acute mixed lineage leukemia with monosomy 7 in a child]. 194 26

The aim of the present study was to compare the immunofluorescence technique (IF) with the immunoenzymatic (IE) alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase method for the evaluation of the presence of lymphoid antigens (Ag) in 46 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The first technique allows detection of Ag expressed on the cytoplasmic membrane of living cells, whilst the second shows the presence of intracytoplasmic Ag on fixed cells. In general, the percentages of lymphoid Ag expression on AML cells are relatively low with both IE (15.2%) and IF (17.4%). We found a good correlation between the two methods for CD2 (4/4), CD7 (4/5), CD20 (1/1) and CD4 (2/2). The Ag CD19, CD21 and CD8 were negative in all cases, both with IE and with IF. CD3 (2 cases) and CD22 (1 case) were only evident with IE. CD10 was seen in 1 case with IF, whilst it was found more frequently with IE. For this reason, demonstration of CD10 with IF is more specific for the classification of acute leukemia.
 ...
PMID:Incidence of lymphoid markers in acute myeloid leukemia. Alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase versus immunofluorescence. 195 Mar 56

Clinicopathological and cytogenetic features of two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) whose blast cells coexpressed myeloid-associated antigens and CALLA are described. Leukemia cells revealed myelomonocytic (FAB-M4) and monocytic (FAB-M5) features, while the nonblast cell population exhibited trilineage myelodysplasia in both cases, a finding suggestive of multiple-cell-lineage involvement. Cytogenetically, a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 was found in one patient, and normal metaphases were detected in the other. Molecular studies disclosed a rearrangement of the IgH locus in one patient. Clinically, these patients were unresponsive to antimyeloid regimens including Daunorubicin and Cytarabine, two agents normally also effective on lymphoblastic leukemias, possibly indicating the need for alternative protocols for the treatment of CALLA positive AML.
 ...
PMID:Immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular investigations in two cases of CALLA positive acute myeloid leukemia. 209 59

We performed cytogenetic and immunologic studies of blast cells from 13 children with acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) to discern patterns of chromosome alteration and antigen expression that would assist in classification of this disease entity. Six patients with 11q23 translocations--including four with the t(11;19), one with the t(9;11), and one with the t(1;11)--were characterized by a young age and hyperleukocytosis. A B cell-associated antigen (CD19) and HLA-DR antigens were expressed by blast cells from all patients; only one case was positive for the common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen (CALLA, CD10). A myeloid-associated antigen (CD13) was expressed by blast cells from one patient at diagnosis and from another at relapse; it was also expressed by cells from the remaining four patients after brief in vitro culture without addition of differentiating agents. Four patients with t(9;22)(q34;q11) were characterized by an older age and hyperleukocytosis. Each of these cases was positive for CD13, CD19, and HLA-DR, and three were positive for CALLA. The 11q23 translocation was associated with CALLA- ALL marked by a myeloid phenotype, whereas the t(9;22) occurred in cases of acute myeloid leukemia with a CALLA+ lymphoid phenotype. One case had a 7q35-q36 translocation, which involves the region of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene. Our results suggest that karyotypic alterations can be used to refine the classification of AMLL.
 ...
PMID:Karyotypic patterns in acute mixed lineage leukemia. 213 47

Secondary lymphoproliferative syndromes in immunosuppressed patients have been characterized as polyclonal or monoclonal B-lineage disorders nearly always associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The authors now report three patients with a distinctly different lymphoproliferative syndrome. Two patients with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) (CD10)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and one patient with acute myelogenous leukemia, respectively, received high-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by marrow transplantation from either an HLA-identical sibling or HLA-mismatched parent. All three patients developed severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), requiring immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids. A secondary malignant T-cell lymphoproliferation occurred 2, 21, and 43 months, respectively, after marrow transplantation. In all three cases the lymphoid cells expressed T-cell surface antigens and were morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct from the malignant cells present before transplantation. One tumor was of host cell origin, one was probably of donor origin, and the tumor origin in the third case could not be determined. The authors were unable to find any evidence for EBV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or II, human immunodeficiency virus, or human herpesvirus 6.
 ...
PMID:Secondary T-cell lymphoproliferation after marrow transplantation. 217 84

We describe a case of acute leukemia with t(4;11) (q21;q23) in a 3-month-old girl suffering from congenital hypothyroidism. The blast cells were cytochemically and immunologically classifiable as acute lymphoblastic leukemia of an early B-cell lineage (HLA-DR +, B4 +, CALLA-). but we treated this patient with a protocol designed mainly for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, employing Adriamycin, vincristine, and cytosine arabinoside. Although the prognosis of this type of leukemia is known to be extremely poor, our patient is currently alive and in continuous complete remission lasting 35 months to date. This case may demonstrate a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia with t(4;11) as well as clinical evidence for the mixed-lineage characteristics of this condition. However, the pathogenetic role of congenital hypothyroidism in the development of acute leukemia is still uncertain.
 ...
PMID:Successful treatment of acute leukemia with t(4;11) in an infant with congenital hypothyroidism. 224 Apr 80

The ultrastructural, light microscopical and immunological features of twelve cases of acute childhood leukemia are described. Nine cases were unclassifiable by light microscopy, morphology and cytochemistry, and three were difficult to classify because of a low percentage of Sudan-Black B positive blasts. By means of electron microscopy (including peroxidase cytochemistry), two main groups were seen: 1. Acute myeloid leukemia, in which could be distinguished a) a more differentiated myeloid leukemia, b) a leukemia with megakaryoblastic involvement and c) a minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia with granules present and 2. lymphoblastic leukemia. One case could not be classified. The first group included two possible cases of a hybrid leukemia with CD19 or CD10 positivity as well as ultrastructural peroxidase activity. We conclude that electron microscopy aids to further classification of minimally differentiated and hybrid acute leukemias.
 ...
PMID:Electron microscopy: a contribution to further classification of acute unclassifiable childhood leukemia. 235 May 92

During the diagnostic investigation of 750 acute leukemias, nine cases were morphologically, cytochemically, and phenotypically undifferentiated. In seven of these cases the blasts were class II+, CD34+ and TdT+, in one were class II+, TdT+, CD7+ while in the remaining leukemia blasts expressed class II only. Cytoplasmic and membrane CD22, CD3, CD13, and Ig as well as membrane CD19, CD10, CD37, CD2, CD33, CD14, glycophorin C, and CD61 were absent. The further characterization of these rare leukemias yielded the following results. The TCR-beta, -gamma and -delta genes were in germline configuration in seven cases studied while IgH genes were rearranged on both alleles in two cases and germline in the other five. By ultrastructural analysis peroxidase activity was detected on unfixed cells in a minority of blasts from four of seven cases. In two of the peroxidase-positive cases a small proportion of blasts also reacted with an anti-myeloperoxidase monoclonal antibody. In one of the peroxidase-negative cases, 7% of blasts were labeled by the antibody, suggesting the presence of peroxidase in its proenzyme form. Importantly, the two cases with Ig gene rearrangements did not have cytochemically or immunologically detectable peroxidase. Three of the nine patients were treated as ALL while six received AML chemotherapy. In five patients complete remission was achieved while the other four died from infections during remission induction. Four patients are still in remission 7, 12, 24, and 30 months after diagnosis while one patient relapsed after 12 months. In conclusion, we have characterized the genotypic and ultrastructural features of subtype of acute leukemia in which blasts expressed immaturity markers and lacked lineage associated antigens. In contrast to previously reported "unclassifiable" cases, the leukemias were phenotypically homogeneous and showed a good response to chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Phenotypic, genotypic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural characterization of acute undifferentiated leukemia. 239 82

Recent studies suggest that lymphoid blast crisis cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) expressing the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) are B precursor cells, based on the demonstration of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement similar to common acute lymphocytic leukemia. There is little evidence to suggest whether the cells with similar lymphoid characteristics in the mixed blast crisis of CML are also committed to B cell lineage. A patient in "mixed" blast crisis of CML was studied. On the basis of morphology, cytochemistry, and immunological studies, the blasts were classified as having either lymphoid or myeloid characteristics. A proportion of the leukemic blasts expressed CALLA, whereas others expressed My7 antigen. In order to characterize both populations of cell further, CALLA+ blasts and My7+ (myeloid) blasts were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The My7+ cells were highly proliferative in cell culture blast colony assays, retained the Ph1 chromosome, and were indistinguishable from acute myelogenous leukemia blasts. The CALLA+ cells were also Ph1-chromosome positive, but in contrast, were poorly proliferative in vitro. Of particular note was their retention of germline configuration of Ig genes, thus distinguishing them from blasts in the lymphoid crisis of CML. We conclude that the lymphoid component in mixed blast crisis may represent a stage of differentiation prior to commitment to B lineage.
 ...
PMID:Separation of lymphoid and myeloid blasts in the mixed blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia: no evidence for Ig gene rearrangement in CALLA-positive blasts. 241 87

A panel of 14 monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against hematopoietic cell surface antigens was applied on mononuclear blood or bone marrow cells from 40 cases of acute leukemia in order to compare immunoenzymatic staining (IE) (alkaline phosphatase) of fixed cells with immunofluorescence staining (IF) of unfixed suspended cells. According to the immunological results, 25 cases were phenotyped as ALL and 15 cases as AML. Cases with blast crisis secondary to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML-BC) were not represented in this series. In all ALL cases the two methods gave an identical antigenic distribution. In 20 our of 21 cases of non-T-cell ALL, a B-cell progenitor origin was demonstrated by a positive staining reaction with the anti-CD19 McAb AB1 or HD37, and in 10 cases additionally with the anti-CD20 McAb B1 or 1F5. In contrast to the results obtained with IF, IE revealed a poor preservation of the AB1 epitope on CD19, whereas the HD37 epitope was equally well demonstrated by both methods. In 15 cases of AML the distribution of positive versus negative cells with IE or IF was identical for all McAb except J5 (anti-CALLA) (CD10) and B1 (CD20). Thus, 10/15 AML cases expressed CALLA with IE compared to 2/15 with IF. The corresponding figures for B1 were 5/15 and 0/15, respectively. Accordingly, normal myeloid precursor cells were CALLA-positive with IE but negative with IF. The discrepancy probably reflects the fact that, whereas both intracytoplasmatic and membrane-bound antigens are exposed in IE, only the latter are in IF. If the alteration of antigenic accessibility after fixation is considered, IE can safely be used for immunophenotyping of acute leukemia.
 ...
PMID:Immunological typing of acute leukemias: immunoenzymatic staining of fixed cells compared with immunofluorescence staining of unfixed cells in suspension. 245 10


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>