Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

2 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia with inclusion bodies are presented. The inclusions were found mainly in the blast cells but could also be encountered in lymphocytes and plasma cells. Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies showed a great resemblance of these inclusions to the ones found in Chediak-Higashi anomaly, i.e., high acid phosphatase activity, varying in size of inclusions from clusters of small granules to hugh inclusion, sometimes found in vacuoles, featuring fusion of lysosomes.
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PMID:Pseudo-Chediak-Higashi anomaly in acute myeloid leukaemia. An electron microscopical study. 22 60

Leukocyte acid phosphatase and its isoenzyme composition was studied in leukemic patients to determine the specificity of different isoenzymes in leukemic leukocytes. It was found that leukocyte acid phosphatase content is significantly increased in ALL, AML, and CML patients, while CLL patients had decreased levels of acid phosphatase. The distribution and intensity of leukocyte ACP isoenzymes vary in respective leukemic condition. Thus isoenzyme 'O' was predominant in AML and CML, while isoenzymes 1, 2 and 3 predominated in ALL. The lack of predominance of isoenzyme 3 was a feature in CLL patients. It was concluded that the isoenzyme patterns, though promising, presented inconclusive picture for diagnosis purpose and further studies on immunochemical characteristics of these isoenzymes are warranted to ascertain their cell specificity.
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PMID:Total leukocyte acid phosphatase and its isoenzymes in patients with leukemia. 129 3

A 57-year-old male who had suffered from polycythemia vera (PV) and had been treated with pipobroman, carbazilquinon and busulfan for ten years presented with fever. CBC revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia without an increase of leukemic blasts (WBC, 7,700/microliters, RBC 294 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 9.1 g/dl, Plt 1.5 x 10(4)/microliters). Bone marrow aspiration resulted in dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy showed hyperplastic marrow with fibrosis and no increase in leukemic blasts. Eleven days later the patient became leukemic and he died of DIC. Blast cells showed a high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, basophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic blebs. Cytochemical and immunophenotype analysis of the blast cells showed the following results; myeloperoxidase (-), chloroacetate esterase (-), Sudan black (-), acid phosphatase (+), acetate esterase (+), PAS (+), HLA-DR (+) and GPIIb/IIIa (+). Platelet peroxidase reaction on electron microscopy was positive in perinuclear spaces and endoplasmic reticulum. A diagnosis of megakaryoblastic transformation of PV was made. Although acute myelogenous leukemia has been shown to develop occasionally in the course of PV, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with DIC following PV is a very rare condition.
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PMID:[Megakaryoblastic transformation associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in the course of polycythemia vera: a case report]. 160 15

Circulating malignant lymphocytes from a 55-year-old woman with small cleaved follicular center cell lymphoma contained azurophilic splinter-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions. By light microscopic and ultrastructural criteria, these structures closely resembled Auer rods found in acute myeloid leukemia; however, the authors could not find cytochemical evidence of lysosomal origin (results were negative for myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, acid phosphatase, and periodic acid-Schiff). Immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis confirmed a monoclonal IgM-kappa immunophenotype of the circulating malignant lymphoid cells. The inclusions did not show specific immunoglobulin staining by light microscopic or electron microscopic immunostaining techniques. The authors conclude that these membrane-bound inclusions probably represent aberrant lysosomes in the malignant cells.
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PMID:Auer rod-like inclusions in circulating lymphoma cells. 171 39

Twenty-six cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with cytochemical and immunophenotypic data were studied prospectively for immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Dysmyelopoiesis was seen in 100% and Auer rods in 18%. Sudan black B was positive in 83% of the cases, peroxidase in 76%, nonspecific esterase in 74% (fluoride-inhibited in 82%), chloroacetate in 70%, acid phosphatase and PAS in 100%, and immunoperoxidase stains for platelet glycoprotein IIIa and factor VIII in 0% of the cases studied. Flow cytometry revealed myeloid phenotype in 19 of 20 cases. In four cases 5-86% of cells were TdT positive. Heavy-chain gene rearrangement was demonstrated in three cases (12%) and kappa light chain gene rearrangement in one; clinically significant rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene was not found. Rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes are found occasionally in AML; these may represent nonspecific findings or coexistent lymphoid differentiation in AML.
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PMID:Prospective gene rearrangement studies and multiparameter analysis of acute myeloid leukemia. 190 18

Blasts from 5 cases of AML with pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules were examined ultrastructurally and histocytochemically using peroxidase, acid phosphatase, high iron diamine (HID) and periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) stainings. Pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules, which appeared as vacuole-like inclusions by light microscopy, generally contained electron-lucent materials. All pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules were, positive for peroxidase but some were negative for acid phosphatase. Pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules were HID positive, indicating that they contained sulfated glycoconjugates. Glycogen-like particles were observed in the pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules with the PA-TCH-SP method, as occasionally observed in granules in drug resistant ALL blasts. In conclusion, the contents of pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules, which seems to be formed by fusion of small granules, differed from those of normal azurophillic granules.
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PMID:[Electron microscopic cytochemistry of pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules in 5 cases of AML]. 221 71

Stromal cell numbers from subjects with no haematological disease and those with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were compared to determine their role in malignancy. Frozen sections of trephine biopsy specimens from iliac crests were stained for endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity, endogenous acid phosphatase activity, and, using immunocytochemical methods, for endothelial cells (anti-factor-VIII related antigen) and macrophages and related cells (EBM/11). In granulocytic malignancies, whether acute or chronic, alkaline phosphatase positive reticulum cells (AL-RC) and vascular endothelial cells were generally increased. In lymphoid malignancies, the numbers of AL-RC were generally reduced. Numbers of vascular endothelial cells seemed to be normal in ALL but reduced in foci of NHL. Macrophages are numerous in normal marrow, and their numbers seemed to be normal in granulocytic lesions but were more variable and sometimes reduced in ALL and NHL. Lymphoid malignancies, therefore, have a destructive effect on some stromal elements; granulocytic malignancies are associated with normal or increased numbers of stromal cells. A possible consequence of depleted stromal cells might be slower reconstitution of normal haemopoiesis after treatment. The large numbers in granulocytic malignancies raises the possibility of synergistic stimulation between stromal and neoplastic cells.
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PMID:Bone marrow stromal cell changes in haematological malignancies. 226 66

A cytochemical study using: Sudan black B; alpha-naphthyl acetate (ANAE) staining; estimation of alpha-naphthyl butyrate (ANBE) esterase activity; acid phosphatase activity; and 5' nucleotidase activity was carried out in 15 cases of megakaryoblastic leukaemia. These included cases of M7 acute myeloid leukaemia and blast crises of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. The megakaryoblastic nature of the blasts was first established using two monoclonal antibodies against platelet glycoproteins, and by estimating the platelet/peroxidase reaction at ultrastructural level. Our findings suggest that megakaryoblasts have a typical cytochemical profile comprising positive ANAE staining and acid phosphatase activity with a predominant localisation in the Golgi zone and negative or weak ANBE activity. A similar positive cytochemical pattern was also found in five cases of erythroleukaemia (M6). The specificity of the 5'nucleotidase activity for megakaryoblasts was not confirmed. In most cases of megakaryoblastic leukaemia there was no 5'nucleotidase activity only two cases showed positive reactions--reactions were positive in several cases of myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukaemia. We suggest that cytochemical methods may be useful in diagnosing M6 and M7 acute leukaemia because less than 40% of leukaemic cells react with specific monoclonal antibodies.
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PMID:Cytochemical profile of megakaryoblastic leukaemia: a study with cytochemical methods, monoclonal antibodies, and ultrastructural cytochemistry. 303 65

TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase) can be detected by radio enzymatic assay, biochemical assay in cell extracts, serum or plasma, and intracellularly in the smear by indirect immunofluorescent methods. The IgG fraction of anti-TdT serum is conjugated with fluoresceinisothiocyanate and used directly on the cytospin smears of methanol fixed bone marrow/blood smears. The mice thymocytes and peripheral mononuclear cells of healthy donors were used as positive and negative controls, respectively, for TdT. 64% of our cases of ALL were found to be TdT+. The lymphoblasts of L1 morphology (FAB classification) were more frequently positive for TdT as compared to blasts with L2 morphology. 71% of our cALLa positive blasts in acute lymphoblastic leukemias were TdT+ve as compared to 58% of T-ALL blasts. 75% of PAS positive ALL cases were positive for TdT as well. Only 57% of the cases when acid phosphatase showed unipolar positivity (T type) were positive for TdT. 12% of cases with acute myeloid leukemia (6/47) were TdT+ve and 33% of CML in blastic crisis had TdT+ve blasts. Biochemical assay and IF assay for TdT were in good correlation in our study.
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PMID:Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in acute leukemias by direct immunofluorescence. 330 37

The acid phosphatase (acP) isoenzymes from the blast cells of 102 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia were separated by isoelectric focusing on horizontal polyacrylamide gels. The cases were classified on the basis of the FAB cooperative group criteria. Several single bands were combined into groups (I-IV). An increase in the number of acP isoenzymes was noted which paralleled the assumed maturation along the granulocytic cell lineage from FAB M1 to FAB M3 and along the monocytic cell lineage from FAB M4 to FAB M5. One isoenzyme which was resistant to tartrate inhibition was found in 40% of the monocytic variants FAB M4 and M5, but not in the nonmonocytic cases FAB M1-M3 and M6. This particular isoenzyme, which has been described as being characteristic for hairy cell leukaemia, also appears to be a marker of the monocyte/macrophage system and the respective neoplastic counterparts. The FAB M4 and M5 patients expressed a characteristic profile of group I isoenzymes which allows for the discrimination between monocytic and nonmonocytic cells.
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PMID:Monocyte-associated acid phosphatase isoenzyme profiles as determined in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. 345 96


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