Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multiparameter analyses have been carried out with recently developed enzyme and membrane markers in 300 patients with various leukaemias including ALL, AML, but excluding Ph1 positive leukaemias. TdT enzyme levels were particularly valuable in the differential diagnosis of adult acute lymphoid and myeloid leukaemias. The levels were raised in 108 (94%) of the 115 patients who were considered to be non-T, non-B ALL on membrane marker and morphological analysis; all seven cases giving negative TdT results in this group were young children. Unexpectedly high levels were seen only in three (4.1%) of 73 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia verified by histochemistry and membrane markers. Anti-ALL serum was a most useful reagent in childhood leukaemias but blasts from 19 patients (10% of childhood ALL cases and 29% of adult ALL cases) failed to react with the serum in spite of TdT positivity. Strongly ALL+ blasts were seen only in non-T, non-B ALL and some undifferentiated leukaemias. Weakly ALL+ blasts were seen in seven of 32 cases of thymic ALL (Thy-ALL) but in other respects these blasts expressed Thy-ALL features, such as strong reactivity with anti-T cell (HuTLA) serum, negativity with anti-Ia-like serum and raised TdT. The combination of tests was particularly useful in 32 cases of undifferentiated leukaemia: in 10 of these cases TdT positivity indicated the probable 'lymphoblast', nature of blast cells: the remaining 22 cases remained unclassifiable with the markers used. The analysis revealed other interesting variant forms of leukaemias.
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PMID:Terminal transferase enzyme assay and immunological membrane markers in the diagnosis of leukaemia: a multiparameter analysis of 300 cases. 699 Sep 61

Individual leukemic cells and the corresponding rare normal cell types in nonleukemic bone marrow were analyzed with various combinations of antisera (labeled with different fluorochromes: TRITC and FITC). Double staining for membrane Ia-like molecules (TRITC) and nuclear terminal transferase (FITC) was a very useful combination that distinguished common non-T, non-B ALL (Ia+,TdT+) and thymic ALL (Ia-,TdT+) from the rare cases of B ALL (Ia+,TdT-) and from AML (frequently Ia+, TdT-; in some cases Ia-, TdT-). Additional antisera (such as anti-ALL, anti-HuTLA, anti-immunoglobulin reagents, etc.) confirmed the diagnosis and further characterized the leukemic blasts. Ia+,TdT+ cells could be observed in low numbers in normal and nonleukemic regenerating marrow and were probably normal precursor cells; this reagent combinations was, therefore, not useful for monitoring residual non-T, non-B ALL blasts in treated patients. Other marker combinations detecting pre-B ALL blasts (double staining for cytoplasmic IgM and nuclear TdT) and Thy-ALL blasts (HuTLA+,TdT+) were, however, virtually leukemia specific in the bone marrow and could be used to effectively monitor residual leukemic cells throughout the disease. These combined single-cell assays are not only economical and informative but are also important for assessing the heterogeneity of leukemia and for standardizing new mouse or rat monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis.
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PMID:Cellular phenotypes of normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells determined by analysis with selected antibody combinations. 699 67

The clinical and laboratory features of 37 patients with variants of acute monocytic leukemia are described. Three of these 37 patients who had extensive extramedullary leukemic tissue infiltration are examples of true histiocytic "lymphomas." Three additional patients with undifferentiated leukemias, one patient with refractory anemia with excess of blasts, one patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, one patient with B-lymphocyte diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma and one patient with "null" cell, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphoblastic lymphoma had bone marrow cells with monocytic features. Another patient had dual populations of lymphoid and monocytoid leukemic cells. The true monocytic leukemias, acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL) and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMOL), are closely related to acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) morphologically and by their response to chemotherapy. like AML, the leukemic cells from the AMMOL and AMOL patients form leukemic clusters in semisolid media. Cytochemical staining of leukemic cells for nonspecific esterases, presence of Fc receptor on the cell surface, phagocytic ability, low TdT activity, presence of surface "ruffles" and "ridges" on scanning EM, elevations of serum lysozyme, and clinical manifestations of leukemic tissue infiltration are features which accompanied monocytic differentiation in these cases.
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PMID:The acute monocytic leukemias: multidisciplinary studies in 45 patients. 700 98

Terminal Transferase (TdT), Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), immunological membrane markers, cytochemical reactivity and cytogenetics were analyzed in 226 patients with ALL, AUL and AML, in 70 patients with CML and in 3 cases of Ph' positive acute leukemia presenting as ALL. TdT was tested in peripheral blood and bone marrow with both the biochemical and immunofluorescence (IF) methods, and ADA was determined biochemically only in peripheral blood cells. By using conventional cytochemistry, cell surface markers determinations, TdT and ADA analysis, three distinct groups are recognized in ALL at presentation: T-ALL with TdT+ and very high ADA values; non-T, non-B ALL with TdT+ and intermediate levels of ADA; B-ALL with TdT absence and low levels of ADA. Clinical presentation and responses to therapy in adult and children ALL were correlated to TdT determinations. The median survivals in adults, calculated for TdT+ and TdT- groups, were 14.2 and 5.6 months, respectively. TdT and ADA were determined in ALL during remission. The wide fluctuation observed for TdT IF and ADA values prevented a reliable monitoring of remissions. At relapse, TdT and ADA values were similar to those found for ALL at presentation; TdT IF determinations were diagnostic in cases showing CNS involvement as the only localization. Forty per cent of AUL and 11% of AML cases were positive for TdT; the medians of ADA values of the TdT+ cases in both AML and AUL were several times higher than those obtained in the TdT- group. While TdT positivity and high ADA had a favorable prognostic value in AUL, similar conclusions can not be drawn at the moment for AML. In chronic phase of CML, TdT was strictly negative and ADA values were increased over the control line only in cases showing initial signs of transformation. In acute phase, the cases positive for TdT (32%) presented a significantly higher ADA activity than the TdT negative ones. The actuarial survival curves for the TdT+ and TdT- groups differ significantly, presenting median survivals from onset of phase of 11 and 4.8 months respectively. The three cases of Ph' positive ALL were all TdT+, presented high ADA values and entered chronic phase of CML after therapy.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of terminal transferase and adenosine deaminase in leukemia. 705 80

The effects of six recombinant human cytokines: erythropoietin, GM-CSF, G-CSF, interleukin-3, -4 and -6 on the proliferation and differentiation of a human multilineage myeloid leukemia cell line MHH 225, established from the bone marrow of an AML(M7) patient in our laboratory determined by changes in antigen expressions using monoclonal antibodies in APAAP technique were examined in liquid suspension culture. The MHH 225 cells have been growing exponentially without cytokines or conditioned media. About 90 per cent of MHH 225 cells are CD33+ CD34+ CD3- CD7- CD19- CD20- TdT- with 57.6 per cent, 28.3 per cent and 7.8 per cent of them being CD41+, glycophorin A+ and CD15+, respectively. After five days of treatment with erythropoietin, GM-CSF, G-CSF or IL-6 no change was observed in MHH 225 cell antigens expression. IL-3 (100 U/ml) induced a moderate increase in only CD13 and alpha naphthyl esterase positive cells from 6.5 +/- 1.9 per cent and 5.7 +/- 2.4 per cent in control cultures to 21.6 +/- 3.0 per cent and 19.1 +/- 2.8 per cent, respectively. On the other hand, 100 U/ml IL-4 significantly increased the number of CD13, CD15 and alpha naphthyl esterase positive cells to 48.9 +/- 5.0 per cent, 47.2 +/- 3.6 per cent and 46.1 +/- 3.0 per cent, p < 0.001, respectively. Also, 100 U/ml IL-4 decreased the number of CD41 positive cells from 57.6 +/- 2.8 per cent to only 25.9 +/- 3.6 per cent and did not change the number of CD33 or glycophorin A positive cells. The present results showed that out of the six myelopoietic growth factors tested, IL-4 was the only one to inhibit selectively the proliferation of CD33+ CD41+ leukemic megakaryoblast cells suggesting that IL-4 may have a lineage regulatory effect in favour of a myeloblastic CD33+ CD13+ CD15+ at the expense of a megakaryoblastic CD33+ CD41+ amplification in human leukemia cells and with apparently no effect on leukemic erythroblast cells. The MHH 225 cell line provides a useful tool and freely available model to scientists for studying signal transduction via IL-4 and for studies of 'lineage switch'.
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PMID:Interleukin-4 inhibits proliferation of human leukemic megakaryoblast cell line MHH 225. 752 Aug 82

Expression of CD34 by leukemic blasts was analyzed in 230 pediatric and 251 adult patients with de novo AML enrolled in two large multicenter trials (AML-BFM-87 and AMLCG respectively). The association between CD34 positivity and morphological classification according to FAB criteria, cytogenetic aberrations, immunophenotypic features and clinical characteristics was investigated. CD34 was expressed (> or = 20%) by leukemic cells from 45% of childhood and 43% of adult AML patients. CD34+ AML was often associated with M1/M2 morphology as well as the coexpression of CD7 and TdT. Translocation t(8;21), inv(16) and chromosome 5 and 7 aberrations were more frequently observed in CD34+ AML. There was a low frequency of CD34 expression in infant AML but no age dependency was evident in adult patients. CD34 expression exerted no influence on the rate of complete remissions (CR) after intensive multidrug induction therapy. In adults, 56% of the CD34-positive and 64% of CD34-negative cases achieved CR (P = 0.29), and the childhood trial even revealed a slight advantage for CD34+ AML with a CR rate of 80% vs. 71% for CD34-negative cases (P = 0.068). Long-term follow-up disclosed no significant differences in remission duration or event-free survival between the CD34-positive and CD34-negative groups. In conclusion, CD34+ AML patients comprise a heterogeneous group with good as well as poor risk factors. Though characterized by some distinct features, CD34 lacks prognostic significance in de novo AML patients submitted to intensive polychemotherapy.
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PMID:Clinical, morphologic, cytogenetic and prognostic implications of CD34 expression in childhood and adult de novo AML. 754 32

In the period from August 1991 to August 1994, the Dutch Slide Review Committee of Adult Leukemias classified 14 leukemias as AML-M0. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and response to therapy of these patients. Eight patients were male. Patients' age ranged from 7 to 77 years (medium age 62 years). There was a striking homogeneity in morphological appearance of the blasts, being small to medium-sized round cells with often an eccentric nucleus with fine chromatin, several distinct nucleoli, and a high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. In addition to myeloid-associated markers such as CD13 and CD33, the blasts of all patients were positive for CD34 and HLA-DR, pointing to their immature differentiation stage. TdT was present in the blasts of 71%, CD7 was positive in the blasts of 42% of the patients. No consistent cytogenetic abnormalities were found. With respect to the treatment outcome, four patients achieved a complete remission after remission-induction treatment. The median survival was 4.5 months. Our present study shows AML-M0 to be an immature leukemia, uniform in morphology and immunological phenotype, with no consistent cytogenetic phenotype and with a poor clinical outcome.
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PMID:AML-MO: clinical entity or waste basket for immature blastic leukemias? A description of 14 patients. Dutch Slide Review Committee of Leukemias in Adults. 763 8

Forty patients (9 females and 31 males; mean age 41.9 years) with CD7+ acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) were investigated; they were classified into the following subgroups according to French-American-British classification: 15 M1, 18 M2, 3 M4, and 4 M5. Leukemic cells from all the patients were negative for T-cell-specific antigens, surface CD3, and T-cell-receptor molecules. The sex and age distributions were different from those of CD7- AML patients (P < .01). Hepatomegaly and central nervous system involvement were also frequent in the CD7+ AML patients. The phenotype of and responsiveness to hematopoietic growth factors by the leukemic cells showed their immaturity, as evidenced by frequent expression of CD34, HLA-DR, and TdT, and the greatest growth response to interleukin-3. No particular karyotypic abnormality was shown. One hundred eighty AML patients were treated with a therapeutic regimen routinely used for AML. The CD7+ AML patients showed a significantly lower response than CD7- AML patients (P < .01), and had a poorer prognosis (P < .01). CD7+ AML patients with M1 or M5b had unfavorable responses to the therapeutic regimen in comparison with patients with M2, M4, or M5a. In addition, 3 of 4 CD7+ CD2+ AML patients, who did not respond to the therapy, were induced into complete remission with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. The results presented here indicate the diagnostic importance of CD7 positivity in AML, suggesting that the cellular and clinical characteristics of CD7+ AML are sufficient for it to be recognized as a distinct category of AML.
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PMID:Clinical importance of CD7 expression in acute myelocytic leukemia. The Japan Cooperative Group of Leukemia/Lymphoma. 769 52

Clinical and cytologic characteristics were correlated to immunologic markers in 154 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) was selected to identify differentiation-associated antigens of both the myeloid and the lymphoid lineages (CD13, CD33, CD14, CD15, CD7, CD34, CD10, HLA-DR, CD19, CD2, CD5, TdT). The expression of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-170) was also evaluated in 117 patients. Differences in antigenic expression was observed among the various French-American-British (FAB) subgroups. HLA-DR was poorly expressed on the blasts of acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3), and was always found in FAB M5. CD34 was detectable in all M0 cases and only in one M3 (p < 0.001). Lymphoid-associated antigens were positive in 74 cases (48.1%). In particular, CD7 was found in 49 patients (31.8%), and TdT in 30 (21.3%), 15 samples displaying coexpression of these two antigens. The incidence of CD7+ cases was particularly elevated in M0 and M5 AML (p = 0.005). It significantly correlated with the expression of CD34, HLA-DR, P-170 (p < 0.001, p = 0.018 and p = 0.034 respectively), and with a leukocyte count > 50 x 10(9)/l (p = 0.038). Sixty-nine (59%) samples demonstrated P-170 positivity. Again, this phenotype was particularly expressed in the poorly differentiated forms (M5, M0 and M1) and showed significant correlation with the immaturity markers CD34, CD7 and HLA-DR (p = 0.013, p = 0.022 and p = 0.001, respectively). Expression of individual antigens correlated with prognosis. Refractoriness to first line therapy was associated with CD7 expression (p = 0.002) and P-170 (p = 0.001). The CD7 marker was also significantly associated with a very low overall survival (p < 0.001) and continuous complete remission (p < 0.001). CD14 expression also significantly predicted lower survival rates (p = 0.033). The combination (CD7+ CD14+) identified a subset of patients with a particularly adverse outcome. The prognostic value of CD7 expression, alone or in combination with other markers, was confirmed in multivariate analysis.
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PMID:Prognostic value of cell marker analysis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia. 790 93

To characterize AML-MO (MO) and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) clinically, questionnaires were sent to nationwide hematology departments in May and August 1993. From 65 institutions, 71 MO cases (2.2% of acute leukemias, 3% of AML) and 19 AUL cases (0.4% of acute leukemias) were registered. Median age was 55 (15-81) years for MO and 38.5 (15-71) years for AUL, and the M/F sex ratio was 44:27 for MO and 19:2 for AUL. Of 48 cases examined for chromosome analysis, 24 (50%) were abnormal karyotypes. Of 15 cases examined for electron microscopic myeloperoxidase (MPO), 10 (67%) were positive, and of 9 cases examined for cytoplasmic antigen by anti-MPO antibody, 7 (78%), were positive. Examination of TdT, surface antigen of CD7 and CD34 were performed in 22, 61 and 43 cases and each positivity was 59, 51 and 86%, respectively. 3 of 18 cases showed rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and 2 of 13 cases showed rearrangement of T cell receptor beta gene. With the first-line induction chemotherapy, complete remission (CR) was obtained in 34 of 67 MO cases and in 7 of 18 AUL cases. Median CR duration and median survival for MO cases were 361 and 387 days and those for AUL were 541 and 578 days, respectively. The remission rates were 61% for 54 cases treated with AML chemotherapy regimens and 38% for 13 cases treated with ALL chemotherapy regimens. 9 cases of MO and AUL who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) had excellently good prognosis compared with non-BMT group.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of acute undifferentiated leukemia and AML-MO]. 815 42


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