Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have performed the cytochemical analysis (myeloperoxidase, ASD-chloroacetate and acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterases, Sudan black B) of blast cells from 25 acute leukemia patients, after 3, 5 and 7 days of liquid culture with conditioned medium from phytohemagglutinin stimulated leukocytes (PHA-LCM). In case of acute myeloid leukemia blast cells an increase of percentage of positive cells simultaneously with the enhancement of the cytochemical reactions was observed. This method may be useful for the precise diagnosis of poorly differentiated blasts with weak expression of cytochemical phenotype.
 ...
PMID:[Cytochemical evaluation of blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia after induction of their maturation in liquid culture--diagnostic usefulness]. 133 91

Blood samples from 40 adult patients with untreated acute leukaemia were processed through the Technicon H*1 blood autoanalyser which gives a complete white cell differential count using flow cytochemistry and provides white cell cytograms as well. We examined the differences in the percentage differential counts and the white cell cytograms of various FAB types of acute leukaemia in an attempt to estimate the usefulness of this easily obtainable data for the identification of acute leukaemias. Differentiation of the 33 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases from the 7 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases was possible on the basis of lymphocyte percentage (AML mean 29.6 vs. ALL mean 67.1, p < 0.01), monocyte percentage (AML mean 12.5 vs. ALL mean 3.3, p < 0.001), mean peroxidase activity value (AML mean -12.6 vs. ALL mean -0.6, p < 0.01) and the absence of IG flag (circulating immature granulocytes) in ALL. Interestingly, the FAB subtypes of AML could be distinguished from each other on the basis of characteristic patterns of cell distribution in the peroxidase cytogram when the total white cell count was over 10 x 10(9)/l. Even with lower counts the differences were distinctive providing that circulating blasts were present.
 ...
PMID:Use of flow cytochemistry via the H*1 in FAB identification of acute leukaemias. 133 11

The objective of this study was to develop a simplified method for the simultaneous analysis of cellular karyotype and phenotype which would permit the identification of cell origin. We studied 6 patients with AML, 3 with CML (one of which was in blastic transformation) and one ALL. We used a method in which the suspension of bone marrow cells was incubated in TC 199 medium with colchicine and with hypotonic solution formed from glycerol, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and sucrose. The slides were prepared from this cell suspension by cytospin and stained for peroxidase, PAS, esterases and iron. The karyotype was studied by direct method and culture. It was possible to relate the cytogenetic marker with cytochemistry characteristics in the same cell in 3 cases, showing the feasibility of cytochemistry techniques in cytogenetical preparations. The best preparations were found through peroxidase. The presence of iron granules allowed identification of erythroblastic lineage in the combined staining. Mitosis with a marker chromosome of leukemic clone in an AML cell with negative peroxidase probably showed a proliferation of more primitive precursor not sufficiently differentiated to show markers.
 ...
PMID:Simplified method for the analysis of cellular karyotype and phenotype in leukemias. 134 Oct 1

FAB Cooperative Group has cited 3 or higher percentage in the peroxidase (PO) activity as one of criteria for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. We have previously reported in two cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) that there was a great difference between 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 3-amino 9-ethyl carbazole (3AC) as substrates for PO reaction. In order to confirm the previous result, we extended the cases and compared the PO activities in blood films taken from several leukemic subjects, which were fixed with various kinds of fixatives, using DAB and 3AC as substrates. Their peroxidase activities were also determined through electron microscopy (EM-PO). There were no differences among fixatives and substrates in staining normal granulocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes) and cells in 13 cases of leukemia, except for two cases, one with M4 and the other with relapse of M2. These showed the highest PO activity with 3AC staining and 10% formaldehyde acetone buffer for fixation. Besides, all types manifested the highest positivity in EM-PO, except for the relapse of M2 that showed a higher positivity in the peroxidase stain by 3AC staining, 10% formaldehyde acetone buffer fixation than the EM-PO. Unlike other leukemic blasts PO reaction products of blast cells of the two cases showed a scattered distribution of microscopic granules. These findings suggested the difference, which was seen in the previous reports, of the PO stain between two substrates might be due not only to sensitivity for staining but to the presence of some heterogeneity such as isoenzyme in the myeloperoxidase.
 ...
PMID:[The sensitivity and specificity of various peroxidase stains--the difference between DAB and 3AC stainings]. 137 54

We herein describe an unusual case of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) showing strong cytochemical reactivity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) but surprisingly no reactivity using flow cytometry for any of the lineage-specific cell surface markers, i.e. myelomonocytic antigens CD13, CD14 and CD33; or B-lymphoid antigens CD19, CD20 and immunoglobulins; or T-lymphoid antigens CD2, CD3 and CD5. The strong reactivity for MPO and the complete absence of reactivity for CD13 and CD14 was verified by an independent assay involving alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP). Our case is of interest for at least two reasons: First, a poorly differentiated variant of AML (negative for MPO but positive for one or more of the myeloid-lineage CD antigens) has been designated FAB M0. In terms of the expression of phenotypic markers, our case may be considered as an 'MPO (+), CD antigen (-) AML'. The CD antigens are known to be expressed very early during myeloid differentiation whereas MPO (in its functional form) is viewed as being expressed relatively late in the process. It is therefore intriguing from a biological standpoint why the supposedly early antigens (CD33 and CD13) remain unexpressed; this may represent an example of 'asynchronous differentiation' in leukaemia. Second, from a practical standpoint, the use of immunophenotyping as a first-line diagnosis would fail to detect such cases. This case strengthens the notion that immunophenotyping by flow cytometry does not eliminate the necessity of performing peroxidase cytochemical staining.
 ...
PMID:Acute myeloid leukaemia with an unusual phenotype: myeloperoxidase (+), CD13 (-), CD14 (-) and CD33 (-). 138 46

Thymoma is associated with a wide variety of syndromes. However, an association with peroxidase-negative acute myeloid leukemia and pinealoma, although feasible due to the marked influence of this tumor on the lymphoid system, has not been described previously. A patient with thymic carcinoma and pinealoma who developed peroxidase-negative acute myeloid leukemia as a late event is presented in this report.
 ...
PMID:Thymic carcinoma associated with pinealoma and terminating with peroxidase-negative acute myeloid leukemia. 139 88

Leukemic cells from acute promyelocytic leukemia containing pseudo-Chediak-Higashi (P-CH) granules in a 38-year-woman were studied with ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques to evaluate the origin and nature of the granules. Wright-Giemsa stain revealed giant granules to be azurophilic. Cytochemical stain revealed p-CH granules ot the basic of their peroxidase and glycoprotein content. Electron microscopy revealed numerous giant granules formed by fusion of azurophilic granules these morphological, different type granules were classified into four types, 1) circular granule with homogeneous matrix, 2) circular granule with heterogeneous change by autolysis, 3) Auer body-like granule with crystalline arrangement, 4) vacuolar formation. The results demonstrate that the Auer body-like granule of P-CH granules in leukemic cells is a morphologically variant type of the classical Auer body observed in common acute myeloid leukemia.
 ...
PMID:[Studies on pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules formation in acute promyelocytic leukemia]. 140 62

Seven of 368 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) could not be subclassified by routine morphologic, cytochemical and immunologic analyses during the period January 1989 to December 1990. Further investigations including ultrastructural examination, anti-myeloperoxidase and myeloid specific antigen analysis were carried out in all these patients and they were classified as AML-MO, as per the FAB criteria. Morphologically these blasts resembled ALL-L2/AML-M1. Cytochemically they were negative for Sudan black, myeloperoxidase, periodic acid-Schiff, and non-specific esterase. On initial immunophenotypic analysis, they could not be classified into B, T or myeloid lineages. Further investigations revealed CD13 and CD33 positivity in 4 of 6 patients. Anti-myeloperoxidase was positive in 6 of 6 patients and ultrastructural examination revealed myeloperoxidase-positive blasts in 6 of 7 cases. Cytogenetic analysis done in one patient revealed 60% abnormal metaphases. Six of 7 cases were treated with aggressive chemotherapy. One patient achieved complete remission but relapsed after 6 months, whereas others were resistant to treatment. Hence we conclude that an aggressive investigative and therapeutic approach is required to identify and treat AML-MO.
 ...
PMID:Minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia: a morphologic, cytochemical and ultrastructural study. 144 Sep 42

Automated platelet counts in a patient with newly diagnosed AML M5 with extreme leukocytosis were reported as 129, 166 and 121 x 10(9)/1. Routine blood films showed a corresponding number of platelet-sized particles, judged to be platelets. The patient was treated for DIC with low-dose heparin infusion. Platelet transfusions were not given initially. The patient died 14 h after admission from intracerebral haematoma. The origin of the platelet-sized particles seen in routine stained blood films was examined by cytochemical and immunological staining for peroxidase, non-specific esterase, CD 13 and CD 33. About 1/3 of the fragments had the same staining characteristics as the leukaemia cells, indicating leukaemia cell origin. Staining for platelet-specific antigen GpIIIa was positive only in 4% of the platelet-sized fragments, with a calculated true platelet count of 4 x 10(9)/1. The presence of cell fragments masquerading as platelets should be suspected in leukaemia patients with bleeding symptoms and normal or near normal platelet counts.
 ...
PMID:Spurious platelet counts in acute leukaemia with DIC due to cell fragmentation. 145 3

To determine the usefulness of the H1 system, we applied it to 14 patients with acute leukemia and 19 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We revealed interesting cytogram patterns in several patients with acute leukemia, ALL (L2), ALL (L3), and AML (M7). In the basophil and lobularity cytogram, their blast cells were clustered mainly in the blast box. However, a small cluster appeared in the basophil area and was expressed as pseudo-basophilia of 4.4%, 9.6%, and 21%, respectively. We speculated that not only normal basophils but also some type of leukemic blasts could be resistant to rupture of the cell membrane induced by a surfuctant at a low pH. Characteristics of H1 cytogram and histogram pattern have hardly been reported in patients with MDS. From the analysis of H1 pattern of 19 cases, we found that the (1) the values of RDW and HDW were high in comparison to those for aplastic anemia and normal controls and (2) the MPXI (mean peroxidase activity index) was significantly low at the time of diagnosis. MPXI had declined at the terminal stage in cases of death with bone marrow failure. These characteristics were concluded to be useful in clinicopathological diagnosis using the H1 automatic hematological system.
 ...
PMID:[The clinicopathological evaluation of automated cytochemical hematology system (Technicon H1) in patients with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome]. 151 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>