Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 14-year-old white male patient had acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by a periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive reaction, negative T and B cell markers, and negative nonspecific esterase and peroxidase reactions. Ten months after the initial diagnosis, the bone marrow appearance was compatible with acute granulocytic leukemia, with the presence of Auer rods, and with peroxidase-positive, nonspecific esterase-negative, and negative PAS reactions. Karyotyping and banding were not performed. The concurrence of both diseases in this patient is unique in pediatric oncology.
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PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed by acute granulocytic leukemia in a pediatric patient. 28 89

Measurement of cellular DNA content by flow cytometry demonstrated presence of two distinct aneuploid neoplasms in a patient who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) 4 mo after diagnosis of a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL). A lymph node aspirate contained peroxidase-negative, "null," hyperdiploid (2.6C) DHL cells, while the bone marrow (BM) contained 84% primitive peroxidase-positive tetraploid AML cells (4.0C). Minor populations of hyperdiploid HDL and normal diploid cells could be detected by flow-cytometry in the BM, and all three populations were also seen in the peripheral blood.
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PMID:The coexistence of acute myeloblastic leukemia and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma in the same patient as demonstrated by multiparameter analysis. 29 59

A comparison was made between cord blood lymphocytes, normal adult lymphocytes and leukemic cells after membrane iodination with lactoperoxidase. A double-labeling technique using lactoperoxidase iodination with 125I and 131I followed by analysis on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a number of membrane differences between leukemic, normal and fetal cells. There was a reduction in the 70,000 molecular weight component in cord blood cells compared to adult lymphocytes, and an increase in membrane peptides with molecular weights of 35,000, 20,000, 9,000 and 4,000. Although smaller molecular weight peptides were also present in chronic lymphatic leukemia as well as acute myeloid leukemia, these were shown to be distinct from fetal type membrane components.
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PMID:Studies by radioiodination of normal adult, fetal and leukemic cell membranes. 36 26

A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with pyrexia and general lymphadenopathy in July 1984. She was diagnosed as having malignant lymphoma (follicular, small cleaved cell), stage IV based on the histological findings of lymph nodes in the neck and bone marrow specimen. She was treated with melphalan orally for 3 years, followed by MACOP-B. She attained partial remission with MACOP-B. Thereafter, she received melphalan or Endoxan orally as maintenance therapy. She developed fever and swelling in the gingivae in October 1989. Peripheral blood showed WBC 80,200/microliters with 7.5% myeloblasts and 85.5% monocytes. Bone marrow aspirate revealed hypercellularity with 47.9% myeloblasts, 46.5% monoblasts and monocytes, which were positive for peroxidase and NSE stains. The karyotype of bone marrow cells showed a 46,XX,t(9;11). The lysozyme in serum was elevated. She was diagnosed having AML (M4). DCMP regimen was initiated but failed to achieve CR. Consequently she received MEC regimen and obtained complete remission, lasting for 6 months. Patients with second leukemia have a low probability of achieving complete remission using conventional chemotherapy. The MEC regimen is thought to be one of the most promising treatments for secondary leukemia.
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PMID:[Complete remission with MEC regimen of acute myeloid leukemia (M4) secondary to 5-year treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. 128 92

Point mutations of the ras genes have been detected in various hematologic malignancies. This genetic event may either occur in all malignant cells or be acquired by different subclones, which however, cannot be demonstrated adequately by analyzing only DNA derived from patient specimens. The availability of the ras p21 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Y 13259 makes possible the direct study of the distribution of the ras gene product in human malignant cells. In this report the expression of the ras p21 oncoprotein in the bone marrow smears of 35 children with acute leukemia has been analyzed. The smears were treated with the MoAb Y 13259, biotinylated goat anti-rat IgG, streptavidin, peroxidase and stained with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The intensity of the staining was evaluated by two independent observers as negative or equivocal (-/+), moderate (+) or intense (++), by counting one thousand cells. Patients were also classified according to the percentage of the stained cells into four groups (0, I, II, III). It was found that 22/35 (63%) were (+) or (++) positive as follows: 11/21 (52%) with ALL CALLA (+), 2/2 ALL-B, 3/3 ALL-T and 6/9 AML. In Group 0 (none of the blasts was stained) were 13/35 (37%), as well as in Group I (1 to 25% of the blasts stained 1+ or 2+ positive), while in Group II (26 to 50% positive stained) 3/35 and in Group III (more than 51% stained) 6/35, all of which were AML (6/9). It is concluded that the immunohistochemical analysis of the ras p21 in blast cells of children with acute leukemia may demonstrate that ras gene expression in some subclones, the intensity and percentage of which may be of some clinical importance.
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PMID:The expression of the ras p21 oncoprotein in the bone marrow smears of children with acute leukemia. 129 65

The enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the hallmark of the myeloid lineage. We have analysed the presence of MPO in blasts from 180 cases of acute leukaemia (103 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and 77 acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) by means of monoclonal antibodies anti-MPO and immunocytochemistry (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method). The aim of the study was to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of this marker compared with MPO cytochemistry by light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM), and with the expression of myeloid antigens. Anti-MPO was positive (greater than 3% blasts) in all but one of the 90 AML positive by LM cytochemistry. Of 13 AML cases negative by MPO cytochemistry, six showed 3-10% blasts reactive with anti-MPO and were also positive with antibodies to CD13 and/or CD33. The presence of MPO was confirmed in four of these by EM. The overall positivity of anti-MPO in AML was 92%. Anti-MPO was negative in all but two ALL (6% and 8% positive blasts). The blasts in these two cases were also CD13, CD33 and MPO positive by EM; both were thus reclassified as biphenotypic. Another two ALL reinterpreted as biphenotypic were negative by MPO cytochemistry and anti-MPO but were MPO positive by EM and with CD13 and/or CD33. We conclude that anti-MPO is a sensitive and specific early marker of myeloid blasts and should be incorporated in the routine immunophenotyping of acute leukaemia.
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PMID:The role of an anti-myeloperoxidase antibody in the diagnosis and classification of acute leukaemia: a comparison with light and electron microscopy cytochemistry. 131 Nov 96

Myelodysplastic features and myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency have been investigated in a series of 336 cases of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to clarify their impact on the outcome of such patients and to compare with the previous results from the literature. Dysplastic features were defined according to the FAB criteria. Trilineage disease (TLD) was observed in 11.6% of patients (39 cases), and the complete remission rate (CR) was 56.4% for TLD patients compared to 74.4% for patients without any dysplastic features (p = 0.03). The effects of dysgranulopoiesis (DysM) alone or in combination were assessed using a logistic regression analysis. This analysis revealed that only DysG had any effect on CR rate (p = 0.013). The CR rate for patients with DysG was 56.6% and 71.5% for patients without DysG. We were unable to find any correlation between MPO deficiency, dysplastic features and CR rate. Cytogenetic analysis could be assessed for 119 patients. For patients with DysG, 10 karyotypes were normal and 20 were abnormal compared to 48 normal and 41 abnormal for patients without DysG (p = 0.05). We conclude that the presence of DysG in de novo AML exerts a negative effect on the ability to achieve a CR and is related to a higher frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities.
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PMID:Evaluation of the dysmyelopoiesis in 336 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: major importance of dysgranulopoiesis for remission and survival. 1288 28

The immunophenotype of leukaemia cells from 60 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was analysed with the APAAP technique using a panel of anti-myeloid and lymphoid associated monoclonal antibodies (McAb). Cells from all cases, including three with negative cytochemical features, were labelled by at least one of the anti-myeloid McAb CD13, anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-Mpo), and/or CD14. The most sensitive marker was CD13, since it was positive in 90% of cases. In two out of three AML cases defined as M0-AML, CD13 was expressed in the cytoplasm but not on the membrane; in these three cases peroxidase (Mpo) was not detected by conventional cytochemistry, but could be demonstrated in all of them using the McAb anti-Mpo. The simultaneous expression of CD14 and CD68 McAb was often confined to the M4 and M5 FAB AML subtypes (92% cases) as compared to the others: M1, M2, M3 (18% cases). Lymphoid antigens were rarely positive (TdT+: 13%, CD7+: 15%, CD19+: 5%) and none of the AML cases were CD3+ or CD10+. By contrast, CD4 was expressed in blasts from 44% of cases and this was not restricted to AML with a monocytic component (M4, M5) but also found in other subtypes. There were no significant differences in the clinical or prognostic features according to the positivity or negativity with TdT and CD4. By contrast, expression of CD7 was associated with refractoriness to the treatment or short complete remission duration, although the number of patients is too small to draw firm conclusions. Our findings support the clinical and diagnostic relevance of immunophenotypic studies in AML.
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PMID:The value of detecting surface and cytoplasmic antigens in acute myeloid leukaemia. 132 89

Philadelphia chromosome (Ph') was detected at presentation in 10 out of 110 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and five of 168 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Two other ALL patients who had studies at relapse were also included in the analyses. One of the 12 Ph'-positive (Ph+) ALL patients had simultaneous expression of myeloid-associated antigen on the leukemic blasts, while all the five AML patients coexpressed markers of lymphoid cells. Double labeling of the cells with myeloperoxidase and CD10 on three Ph+ AML cases showed that most leukemic blasts expressed either myeloperoxidase activity or CD10 but not both. Cross-lineage gene rearrangements of T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain gene were detected in three of the eight Ph+ ALL patients tested. All the four Ph+ AML cases studied showed immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements, and three of them also had simultaneous rearrangements of TCR beta-chain gene. The results revealed that Ph+ acute leukemia in this study belonged either to ALL or mixed lineage leukemia, and none was pure AML. This finding is contrary to that of acute blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which the majority of patients had myeloid transformation. Rearrangements of bcr were detected in four of the 10 Ph+ ALL and three of the four Ph+ AML patients tested. No significant difference was noted in the clinical or hematologic manifestations among Ph+ leukemia with or without bcr rearrangements.
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PMID:Characterization of Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute leukemia by clinical, immunocytochemical, and gene analysis. 132 82

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)- and Sudan Black B-not more than 3%-positive, esterase staining-negative, lymphoid, megakaryocyte lineage and erythroid surface marker-negative and electron microscopic platelet peroxidase-negative acute leukemia (AL) was diagnosed as acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), and myeloid marker (CD13, CD33), electron microscopic MPO (EMMPO), and DNA analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor as well as chemotherapy and its reactivity were examined. Of 239 cases of AL, 10 (4.2%) were AUL, and of these 10 cases, 9 were CD13 or CD33-positive AML-MO (MO) cases. Of 9 cases examined for EMMPO, 4 (44%) were positive, and of 3 cases of MO subjected to DNA analysis, 1 and 1 showed rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor beta chain, respectively. Of 6 cases of MO on myeloid induction therapy, 1 and 1 showed complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), respectively, each having lymphoid genotype, and 4 showed no remission (NR), being 3 of them EMMPO-positive. Of 2 cases on lymphoid induction therapy, 1 and 1 showed CR and NR, respectively, the former being EMMPO-positive MO. BHAC-EM therapy with behenoyl cytosine arabinoside, VP-16 and mitoxantrone performed on 2 cases refractory to any one of both these myeloid and lymphoid induction therapies led to CR in all these 2 cases.
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PMID:[Acute undifferentiated leukemia from the viewpoints of diagnosis and therapy]. 133 62


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