Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) was originally defined as a clinical syndrome occurring by three weeks after transplantation; however, it occurs even after three or more weeks, and such cases are called late-onset SOS. We report here a case of late-onset SOS. The patient was a 17-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia in second complete remission. He received a preparative regimen including busulfan followed by allo-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor. On day 28 after transplantation, he developed hepatomegaly with pain. On day 33 PAI-1 level was increased. Two days later ascites developed, leading to a diagnosis of late-onset SOS. The symptoms improved with conservative therapy and the level of PAI-1 was normalized. When hepatic impairment appears three or more weeks after transplantation, late-onset SOS should be considered. PAI-1 is a useful marker for the diagnosis and follow up of late-onset SOS.
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PMID:[Usefulness of serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 for diagnosis and monitoring of late-onset sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation]. 2013 43

The outcome and complications of 37 primary total hip arthroplasties by one surgeon in 24 patients with Charnley Class C juvenile idiopathic arthritis with up to 19.6 years follow-up are reported. Twenty-six femoral components were cementless; all acetabular components were cementless with screws. Age at operation averaged 22.6 years. Two patients (3 hips) have died. Twelve hips in 9 patients have failed. Six cementless acetabular components with conventional polyethylene were revised because of osteolysis after 5.5 to 14.5 years. All 3 cementless C2 femoral stems with minimal porous coating failed. One of eight cemented AML Bantam stems loosened at 3.5 years; 2 of 23 cementless AML Bantam stems loosened at 9.5 and 19.6 years. Pain relief and functional improvement are dramatic after total hip arthroplasty in juvenile idiopathic arthritis; however, the long-term outcome is guarded.
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PMID:Outcome of primary total hip arthroplasty in Charnley Class C patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case series. 2116 75

A sinonasal infection is a frequent complication in patients with haematological malignancies, and may represent a challenge in terms of differential diagnosis between a bacterial or fungal infective process and tumour localization. A timely and correct diagnosis in these patients is critical and, therefore, may require consultation of specialists outside of haematology; an incorrect diagnosis which underestimates the seriousness of the infection can be fatal. Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia resulting from direct compression or perineural invasion from malignancy is not uncommon in the literature. However, trigeminal neuralgia as an isolated symptom at the onset of a bacterial or invasive fungal sinusitis is rare and risks going unnoticed. The authors herein describe three cases of patients affected by acute myeloid leukaemia or lymphoma in which an invasive fungal sinusitis appeared at the onset as an isolated trigeminal neuralgia, with pain located along the distribution area of the second branch of the trigeminal nerve. Only after referring these patients to a neurologist for a host of neurological exams it was possible to confirm a diagnosis of secondary maxillary sinus fungal involvement.
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PMID:Trigeminal neuralgia as unusual isolated symptom of fungal paranasal sinusitis in patients with haematological malignancies. 2197 57

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent hematological malignant tumor during childhood. Unilateral infiltration into the gums is less prevalent and more often observed in the AML type.A 12-year-old girl with symptoms of pain and swelling in the buccal vestibule and also at the posterior part of the right palate of the maxilla was referred to a private dental office. The patient had been inflicted by ALL and had undergone complete chemotherapy. A week prior to her admittance into the hospital, the workup of the patient's blood revealed her recovery. The clinical and radiographic evidence did not show any dental problems. The histological examinations on the patient's jaw revealed the correct diagnosis of ALL and the patient underwent chemotherapy for the second time.This case has been reported to point out that intraoral unilateral swelling of the upper jaw may be propounded as the primary diagnostic symptom of ALL.
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PMID:Maxilla unilateral swelling as the first diagnostic symptom of acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse: a case report. 2199 7

We describe an unusual case of Philadelphia-positive, monosomy 7 myelodysplasia progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia in a 53 year old male who presented with bone-pain and B-symptoms and was found to have diffuse osteolytic lesions. Molecular genetic analysis revealed both b3a2 and e1a2 t(9;22) transcripts. Cytogenetic analysis was an additional useful test in determining the course and management of an atypical BCR-ABL positive myelodysplasia.
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PMID:Lytic bone disease as the presenting feature of Philadelphia-positive monosomy 7 myelodysplasia progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia. 2343 68

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extra-osseous, solid collection of myeloblasts. It is associated with myeloid leukemias, and rarely affects the spine. The most common clinical presentation of MS in spine patients is some form of pain related to compression of neural elements. Given that MS is rare, and its imaging characteristics are similar to other more common diagnoses, it is frequently missed on initial presentation. We present a 28-year-old female, in her fifth year of remission from AML, with low back pain and right lumbar radiculopathy. Initially, the leading diagnosis was schwannoma in preference to neurofibroma; however, intra-operative pathology and subsequent bone marrow biopsy revealed the tumor to be MS. This report highlights the difficulties of diagnosis of MS in patients in remission from acute myeloid leukemia. Thus, in patients with a history of leukemia, MS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any epidural or nerve root tumor. Timely diagnosis and treatment are key to optimal outcomes.
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PMID:Low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy as harbingers of acute myeloid leukemia recurrence in a patient with myeloid sarcoma. 2254 81

Leukemia may initially present as a peripheral neuropathy, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Leukemic infiltration of peripheral nerves, or neuroleukemiosis (NL), is exceedingly rare, with no established diagnostic or therapeutic guidelines. Five cases are presented. All patients were men with a median age of 68 years (range 46-72). Three patients had acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and two had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In two patients, leukemia presented with peripheral nerve involvement and both were found to have positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, making the diagnosis AML, despite negative bone marrow and peripheral smear. All patients had painful, progressive, motor and sensory deficits. Clinical patterns were mononeuropathy (n =1), multiple mononeuropathies (n =1) and plexopathy (n =3). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected mass lesions in 4/5 cases, with avid fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) useful in all of these for following clinical disease progression. Three cases of nerve biopsy were performed, two of which were diagnostic of leukemic infiltration. Radiation treatment rapidly relieved pain in patients with mass lesions, in combination with chemotherapy. Four patients had disease relapse, four systemic and one also in peripheral nerves. These cases are discussed in the context of the broader literature.
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PMID:Neuroleukemiosis: an unusual cause of peripheral neuropathy. 2257 77

Mucormycosis is one among the aggressive, invasive fungal infections usually seen in immunocompromised patients. Mucormycosis osteomyelitis is very rare. We present a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who complained of pain over the right proximal thigh. Plain radiograph revealed ill defined osteolytic lesion of proximal femur. MRI showed altered signal in proximal femur with focal collection and cortical breach. Biopsy and tissue culture diagnosed mucormycosis both histologically and microbiologically. He was treated with aggressive debridement, skeletal stabilization, and amphotericin antifungal cement beads. He recovered with no residual pain, minimal limb shortening, and no clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence at 3 years followup. The high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, aggressive surgical debridement, and adequate antifungal therapy play a significant role in the treatment of musculoskeletal mucormycosis.
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PMID:Amphotericin B cement beads: A good adjunctive treatment for musculoskeletal mucormycosis. 2271 29

The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) into routine clinical practice changed the outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) from the most fatal to the most curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients who do not survive generally succumb within the first 30 days after presentation or diagnosis, often from intracranial or pulmonary hemorrhage caused by the characteristic coagulopathy associated with this disease. For the majority of patients who avoid hemorrhagic complications, the goals of decreasing the side effects of diagnosis and treatment-including pain, inpatient hospital days, and late sequelae of cytotoxic chemotherapy-have emerged as paramount. Here, we discuss novel and provocative observations regarding diagnostic and treatment strategies for APL that are likely to emerge as standards of care in the next 5 years, and that may improve the rate of early hemorrhagic death and decrease diagnosis- and treatment-related morbidity.
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PMID:Provocative pearls in diagnosing and treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. 2288 66

A 37-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with severe tonsillitis with unilateral necrotizing tonsillitis. She suddenly got fever, malaise, difficulties swallowing, pain in the throat and deterioration despite four days of penicillin treatment. During hospitalisation, she experienced abdominal pain, and blood tests showed pancytopenia. She was transferred to a haematological department, where a bone marrow biopsy showed acute myeloid leukaemia. Subsequently, an abdominal computed tomography with intravenous contrast revealed bilateral renal vein thrombosis, probably because of coagulopathy due to leukaemia.
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PMID:[Necrotizing tonsillitis and renal vein thrombosis due to acute myeloid leukaemia]. 2294 28


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