Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper reports a relapsed case of acute myeloid leukemia with intracranial, testicular and intestinal tumor formation. A-56-year-old male, diagnosed as M1 on September, 1988, entered complete remission on October 14, 1988, aided by JAL-SG and AML-85 regimen. Blast cells with Auer rods demonstrated 8;21 translocation lacking 11q with 30 of 30 analyzed bone marrow cells, and the following antigen pattern: CD5+, CD19+, CD33+, CD56+, HLA-DR+. After 4 courses of post remission therapy, the maintenance therapy was discontinued because of his liver dysfunction. He was discharged on May, 1989, and was seen as an out patient. He complained of left hemiplegia and was re-admitted on September 30, 1989. Though the bone marrow was in complete remission on September 4th, CT scan and MRI demonstrated intracranial tumor formation. Bone marrow relapse occurred on October 27th, eventually resulting in his death on November 18th. Autopsy showed intracranial, testicular and intestinal tumor formation and blast cell invasion into the liver, spleen and kidneys. We analyzed the characteristics of 14 cases with intracranial tumor formation previously reported. The focal neurological symptoms reflecting the intracranial tumor mass effect were considered to be important initial signs. CT scan was a useful tool for diagnosis. The average age of the 14 cases was 38, 9 and the male/female ratio was 9:5. Six of 9 cases, diagnosed by FAB classification, were M2 and one of the 6 cases in whom chromosomes of blast cells were examined had t(8;21). Though irradiation seemed effective for the reduction of tumor mass, the patients' prognosis was poor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cerebral and testicular myeloblastoma formation in relapsing acute myeloid leukemia (M1) with t(8;21)]. 768 65

A patient who received treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (chemotherapy, irradiation, corticosteroid therapy) developed cerebral radionecrosis with hemiplegia (treated by corticosteroids) then multiple foci of osteonecrosis on the nonparalyzed side. The mechanisms which may have prevented osteonecrosis from occurring on the side of the hemiplegia are discussed.
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PMID:[Hemiplegia and contralateral multiple aseptic osteonecrosis]. 783 90

A 77-year-old female with left hemiplegia caused by cerebral infarction and with mild senile dementia was admitted for further examination of hematological abnormalities. She was diagnosed as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M5a) according to French-American-British classification. Since intensive combination chemotherapy seemed difficult, she was treated with oral administration of cytarabine ocfosfate (200 mg/day, for 14 days), a cytidine deaminase-resistant derivative of Ara-C, resulting in complete remission. Major side effects were nausea, vomiting and appetite loss, but their incidences were reduced tolerably when cytarabine ocfosfate was given just before sleeping. Cytarabine ocfosfate might be useful to treat AML in elderly patients having certain complications such as cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:[Successful treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in an elderly patient with cytarabine ocfosfate]. 812 96

Granulocytic sarcoma is a solid tumor, composed by granulocytic precursor cells at various levels of differentiation, located at an extra-medullary site. It is associated with acute myeloid leukemia, and its presence reveals a bad prognostic factor. The treatment usually consists of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A case of an intracranial granulocytic sarcoma occurring six months after a bone marrow transplant in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia is reported. The patient presented with headache and left hemiplegia caused by a large fronto-parietal lesion with significant mass effect. After a complete surgical resection there was a full recovery of the deficit. The patient completed radiotherapy and chemotherapy with no evidence of disease after three months of follow-up. Surgery is indicated in the presence of progressive neurological deficit. Surgical decompression may provide rapid improvement and therefore, affect quality of survival.
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PMID:[Central nervous system granulocytic sarcoma after bone marrow transplant: case report]. 1236 61

MLL gene rearrangement is common in both adult and childhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and its role in oncogenesis has been investigated. While over 50 translocated-partner genes have been identified so far, few studies have detailed the molecular mechanism of partial tandem duplication (PTD) of the MLL gene. The prognostic impact and contribution to leukaemogenesis of MLL-PTD, especially in childhood cases, remain unknown. We have established a novel cell line containing MLL-PTD derived from an 11-year-old patient with AML and designated as KOPM-88. KOPM-88 cells exhibited certain characteristics associated with the myeloid lineage including abundant primary granules in the cytoplasm and the expression of myeloperoxidase. The cell growth of KOPM-88 was cytokine independent but was accelerated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. MLL-PTD of exon 2 to exon 6 and exon 2 to exon 8 was revealed using Southern blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/DNA sequencing. Furthermore, non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice inoculated with KOPM-88 cells exhibited leukaemic infiltrations in the bone marrow and hemiparalysis because of compression myelopathy. This is the first report of an in vivo animal model exhibiting the systemic involvement of childhood AML containing MLL-PTD. KOPM-88 cells and our murine model may be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of childhood AML associated with MLL gene rearrangement.
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PMID:Establishment of a novel childhood acute myeloid leukaemia cell line, KOPM-88, containing partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene and an in vivo model for childhood acute myeloid leukaemia using NOD/SCID mice. 1740 61

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (SSST) is a very rare but life-threatening complication in leukemia patients. SSST is very rare in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In leukemia patients, several risk factors for SSST have been reported such as administration of L-asparaginase, disseminated intravascular coagulation, congenital thrombophilia, meningeal leukemia, and intrathecal chemotherapy (IT). Lumbar puncture itself and corticosteroid administration have also been acknowledged as risk factors. We describe herein our clinical experience with SSST in a 29-year-old Japanese man suffering from AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22), who presented with abrupt onset of loss of consciousness, left hemiplegia, and seizure soon after IT and high-dose cytarabine (HD-AraC) with dexamethasone for post remission consolidation. Despite the presence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) due to SSST rupture, we conducted anticoagulant therapy with heparin. Although ICH worsened temporarily, his clinical condition gradually improved with resolution of the SSST, and he eventually became fully ambulatory. There were no deficiencies of natural anticoagulants. Three additional cycles of HD-AraC without IT therapy were conducted, but no neurological complications recurred with the concomitant use of warfarin. He was discharged free of neurological deficits. In our case, there is a possibility that IT and the administration of corticosteroids along with HD-AraC triggered SSST.
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PMID:[Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis after intrathecal chemotherapy and intravenous high-dose cytarabine in an acute myeloid leukemia case with t(8;21)(q22;q22)]. 2716 54

The CNS involvement of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is more commonly manifest as meningeal involvement. Rarely it may present as intravascular tumor aggregates called granulocytic sarcoma which presents as intracranial hemorrhage. We are presenting a case of intracranial, intra-parenchymal granulocytic sarcoma (other names: chloroma, extramedullary myeloblastoma), presenting as acute hemiplegia without cerebral hemorrhage.
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PMID:Acute Myeloid Leukemia Presenting as Intracerebral Granulocytic Sarcoma. 2760 97

Invasive mucormycosis is an increasingly common cause of morbidity and mortality in hematologic malignancy patients. Early consideration of the diagnosis is essential in at-risk patients, exhibiting suggestive signs and symptoms. A 56-year-old female with acute myeloid leukemia initially presented with neutropenic fever before subsequently developing dense hemiplegia due to septic emboli to the spine and multifocal abscesses. These findings were later determined to be a result of a disseminated mucor infection and represented a rare manifestation of the disease. Despite the disseminated nature of the infection, identification of the causative organism was initially impeded by limitations in obtaining a tissue sample in a severely thrombocytopenic patient, as is common among hematologic malignancy patients. As a result of this limitation, diagnosis was ultimately made via PCR on bronchiolar lavage fluid. Early consideration of the diagnosis with prompt initiation of treatment is of utmost importance in this invasive infection. Further research is needed to identify and validate rapid, minimally invasive strategies for early diagnosis of mucormycosis.
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PMID:Mucormycosis as the Elusive Cause of an Aortic Thrombus and Tissue-Obliterating Abscess. 3091 43