Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 51-year-old female with acute myeloid leukemia was admitted to our hospital in December 2001. Though she had undergone two courses of induction chemotherapy (idarubicin hydrochloride + cytarabine), she failed to achieve a complete remission. In April 2002, while in non-complete remission, she subsequently underwent total body irradiation (TBI) and treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) and etoposide (VP-16) before receiving an allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant from her HLA-identical brother. For graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, she was given tacrolimus and methotrexate. The infused CD34 positive cells provided 8.1 x 10(6) cells per kg. Engraftment was obtained on post-transplant day 14, and there was no evidence of clinical acute GVHD. The use of tacrolimus was discontinued on post-transplant day 60. As there was no occurrence of clinical acute GVHD, the patient received a donor lymphocyte infusion (CD3 cells 0.57 X 10(7) cells per kg) on post-transplant day 105. On day 132, however, she complained of coughing and fever, and on day 135, she was admitted to our hospital again for dyspnea. A CT scan demonstrated ground-glass opacity in the right pulmonary lobe. After considering her clinical course, symptoms, blood gas, CT scans, etc., we suspected interstitial pneumonia. The dyspnea progressively worsened, however, and despite the use of mechanical ventilation from day 143, the patient died on day 149. From the day she was admitted till the day she was intubated, she was unable to produce sputum. Autopsy findings revealed yellow-white tracheal pseudomembranes, as well as Aspergillus hyphae in the trachea, bronchus, and bilateral lungs. These findings are characteristic of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. The clinical course of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients is, however, different from that of the usual invasive Aspergillus infection, and although Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a very rare disease, attention should be paid to the possibility of its occurrence.
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PMID:[Acute myeloid leukemia with Aspergillus tracheobronchitis after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant]. 1551 Aug 28

We present a 30-year-old man admitted with generalized cutaneous lesions, fever and cough. Examination of skin biopsies of a papular lesion revealed dense neutrophilic infiltration of the upper dermis, so these lesions were diagnosed as neutrophilic dermatosis. Peripheral blood examination and bone marrow findings confirmed the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts. The cutaneous lesions improved after administration of corticosteroid and follow-up bone marrow examination revealed a normocellular marrow. One year later he referred with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M0). Unfortunately, he did not respond to treatment and died a few months later due to disease progression.
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PMID:Generalized neutrophilic dermatosis: a rare presentation of myelodysplastic syndrome. 1580 94

Nine year-old male patient, who underwent bone marrow transplantation because of acute myelogenous leukemia, presented with fever and dry cough three days after the procedure. The chest radiograph demonstrated bilateral diffuse reticular infiltrate. The high resolution computed tomography showed peribronchovascular interstitial thickening, peripheral small centrilobular nodules and areas of ground-glass attenuation. The bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated positive direct fluorescence antibody testing against influenza B virus. Treatment with aerolizated ribavirin was instituted during 10 days and the patient showed clinical-radiological improvement.
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PMID:[Influenza B virus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation: case report with emphasis to the high resolution computed tomography findings]. 1582 66

Leukemic pulmonary infiltration, as an initial presentation of acute leukemia, is rare and poses a therapeutic dilemma. Leukemic infiltrate of the lung may be unrecognized, as patients can present with cough, fever and localized roentgenographic infiltrate, all suggestive of bacterial pneumonia. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with distinct clinicopathologic features, such as: younger age of patients, shorter duration of symptoms before diagnosis, pulmonary infiltration with atypical promyelocytes and bleeding tendency due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). APL can become rapidly fatal if not treated early in its course. We report a case of APL with diffuse pulmonary infiltration and abnormal complete blood count. He was initially diagnosed and treated as an outpatient for community-acquired pneumonia. The patient returned with worsening pulmonary infiltrate, abnormal peripheral smear and respiratory failure, resulting in death within three months of his initial presentation. As evidenced by this case, acute leukemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pulmonary infiltrate and abnormal hematological findings.
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PMID:Hemoptysis, anemia and respiratory failure: a rare initial presentation of acute leukemia. 1633 4

A 47-year-old male had symptoms of coughing and with fever and was admitted to our hospital where tests revealed he had anemia and thrombocytopenia. Following the results obtained from a bone marrow aspiration, he was diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A chest radiograph and a CT scan demonstrated nodular shadows and pleural exudate in both lungs. We suspected atypical pneumonia, or fungal pneumonia, and he was subsequently given antibiotics and antifungal agents, which were, however, ineffective. On the third day after admission, he was put on mechanical ventilation, and a bronchoalveolar lavage examination revealed no germs. His respiration, however, progressively worsened and he died on the twelfth day after admission. Although the autopsy findings revealed no infectious lesions in his lungs, a PAS-positive intra-alveolar eosinophilic material, which was positive for surfactant apoprotein A staining, was present. As a result of the autopsy findings, a diagnosis of secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) associated with AML was made. Among the reported cases of PAP in hematological malignancy, there has not been one case detected at the time AML was diagnosed. If there is evidence of an unknown cause of lung infiltration when AML is diagnosed, attention should be paid to the possibility of the presence of PAP.
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PMID:[Acute myeloid leukemia complicated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis at presentation]. 1644 Jul 46

A 60-year-old man presented with cough, sputum, and dyspnea. He had a history of acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with chronic renal failure. Chest CT scans showed miliary nodules and patchy consolidations. Histological examination revealed numerous fibrin balls within the alveoli and thickening of the alveolar septum, both of which are typical pathological features of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP). We report the first case of AFOP following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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PMID:Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1954 97

The occurrence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in HIV-infected patients is extremely rare with only adult patients reported so far. Our patient was a 7-year-old male who presented with fever and cough since 1 month with six episodes of intermittent hemoptysis. The child also had recurrent parotid swellings, melena, and purulent otitis media. Investigations revealed anemia (hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dl), thrombocytopenia (platelet count of 21,000 cells per microliter), and positive HIV antibody (perinatal transmission). The patient's bone marrow aspiration and biopsy suggested AML, and the leukemia panel 1 study showed CD13, CD33, CD34, and HLA DR-positive AML with CD7 expression. The child was given supportive treatment but succumbed to the disease. AML can occur in pediatric patients with HIV infection. A high index of suspicion of hematological malignancies should be kept in mind for patients presenting with cytopenias. This is the first HIV-infected pediatric patient (<12 years) with AML reported in the medical literature.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia in a child with HIV infection. 1980 31

Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor formed by extramedullary accumulation of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. These tumors can develop in lymphoid organs, bone, skin, soft tissue, and other organs, and may precede or occur concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia. This is a case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a 2-week history of cough and shortness of breath on exertion. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large mediastinal mass and pericardial effusion. An F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT scan showed intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the mediastinal mass with invasion of the parietal pericardium. Biopsy of the mediastinal mass and pericardium revealed myeloid sarcoma. The pericardial effusion was drained and the patient was treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HiDAC) chemotherapy. A follow-up positron emission tomography-CT was done 2 months after the last cycle, showing poor response to therapy and significant progression of disease with invasion through the anterior chest wall. Myeloid sarcoma can be added to the differential diagnosis of F-18 FDG avid anterior mediastinal masses, as well as F-18 FDG uptake in the pericardium.
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PMID:Myeloid sarcoma presenting as an anterior mediastinal mass invading the pericardium: Serial Imaging With F-18 FDG PET/CT. 2070 48

It is not exactly known the risks from infection with pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in children with leukemia. Here the authors present their experience in 5 children with leukemia. Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 was detected in 5 patients (F/M: 3/2) at their institution. The ages of these patients were between 2 and 16 years. Four had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 1 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Three of the ALL patients had the diagnosis of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 at the same time as they were diagnosed with ALL. The remaining 2 patients were receiving intensive chemotherapy. All patients had fever, rhinorrhea, and cough. Although bronchopneumonia was seen in 3 patients, only 1 revealed respiratory distress. Stomach ache and diarrhea was seen in the patient who had no pneumonia. All treated as inpatients, but none of them required hospitalization in intensive care unit. One to 3 days after the symptoms of influenza appeared, oseltamivir (Tamiflu) was given to all patients in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Fever declined to normal ranges in 1 to 3 days after treatment was started. The patients received oseltamivir for 5 to 7 days. Cell culture tests were found to be positive for influenza A and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed H1N1 for all 5 patients. Although this is a very small case series, pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 did not seem to be very dangerous for children with leukemia if the oseltamivir treatment was given early when symptoms of influenza appeared.
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PMID:Experience of pandemic influenza with H1N1 in children with leukemia. 2108 56

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a demyelinating disease of the pons often associated with the demyelination of extrapontine areas of the central nervous system. It typically occurs 0.5-7 days after a rapid increment in serum Na level in hyponatremic patients and may lead to death. A 2.5-year-old child with a diagnosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia developed febril neutropenia, diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage followed by pulmonary aspergillosis. He could not tolerate enteral nutrition. He was given broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungal treatment. Laboratory tests showed electrolyte abnormalities including hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia in a chronic course. Twenty three days after a rapid correction of hyponatremia (16 mEq/L/24 h) he revealed flask quadriparesis, disphagia, mutism, irregular respiratory pattern and loss of cough and gag reflex. Cranial magnetic resonance showed central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. He required mechanical ventilation and then he regained his neurologic functions. He completed chemotherapy protocol and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. After 2.5 years of the occurrence of CPM he is in completely normal physical and neurological status. CPM is a very severe but rare disorder in children with underlying disease. In the presence of multiple etiologic factors it may reveal a delayed onset and optimum outcome can be seen even in the severe clinical presentation with adequate intensive support.
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PMID:Complete clinical recovery of a central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis delayed onset in a child with acute myeloblastic leukemia. 2131 30


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