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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic analyses were carried out on peripheral blood, bone marrow, and pharyngeal biopsy material from a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). Morphological analysis of bone marrow was diagnostic of CMML; immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow were negative for B and T cell antigens, and immunochemistry performed on the pharyngeal extramedullary infiltrate showed the presence of large monocytoid cells which stained positively for muramidase. Genotypic analysis, however, showed clonal rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) delta chain gene, a marker of T cell or, less commonly, B cell lymphoid neoplasms. Other TCR genes, beta and gamma, were germline in all tissues examined. TCR delta is rearranged in precursor B cell and most T lymphoid neoplasms. A small proportion of cases (10%) of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) also show rearrangement of the TCR delta gene. To date TCR delta rearrangement has not been described in CMML. The aberrant TCR delta rearrangement shown in this patient with CMML provides further evidence of the clonal nature of this disorder.
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PMID:Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia associated with T cell receptor delta gene rearrangement. 203 Jan 57

Morphological, immunological, cytogenetic, and molecular features of 28 cases of acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL), defined by the co-expression of lymphoid and myeloid cell surface antigens, were correlated in a multiparameter study. These 28 cases were identified in a series of 260 consecutive acute leukemia cases occurring predominantly in adults and were subdivided into 18 cases of AMLL with myeloid morphology and cytochemistry (AMLL-AML) and 10 cases of AMLL with lymphoid morphology and cytochemistry (AMLL-ALL). A lack of correlation was observed between the expression of B- or T-cell associated antigens with the presence of the expected immunoglobulin (Ig) or T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements in the AMLL cases with myeloid morphology. Only three of the 18 total AMLL-AML cases, each co-expressing B- and myeloid-associated cell surface antigens (B/My), had Ig heavy chain gene rearrangements with or without rearrangements of TCR genes. Ig light chain genes remained in the germline configuration. Strikingly, these three cases were the only AMLL-AML cases in our series to have the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), suggesting that a significant percentage of acute leukemias with myeloid morphology and gene rearrangements may be Ph+ AMLL. The fact that three of the 10 B/My AMLL-AML cases in our series were Ph+ suggests that there may be an increased frequency of Ph chromosome, a translocation associated with a poor prognostic outcome, in B/My AMLL-AML occurring in the adult population. Although most AMLL cases with lymphoid morphology had Ig and TCR gene rearrangements associated with a variety of immunophenotypes and karyotypes, two Ph+ AMLL-ALL cases had many similar features (B/My immunophenotype; IgH with or without TCR rearrangements; Ig light chain genes germline) to their Ph+ AMLL-AML counterparts. However, the Ph+ AMLL-ALL cases differed from the Ph+ AMLL-AML cases by the expression of a more mature B-cell lineage immunophenotype and by their additional cytogenetic changes.
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PMID:Multiparameter analysis of acute mixed lineage leukemia: correlation of a B/myeloid immunophenotype and immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements with the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome translocation in acute leukemias with myeloid morphology. 203 59

Most cases of acute leukemia with deletions of chromosome 5q (5q-) are acute myelogenous leukemia. 5q- in acute lymphoid leukemia is rare. We studied a case of acute leukemia with 5q- using morphologic, cytochemical, immune and molecular techniques. Morphologic and cytochemical techniques were consistent with ALL (FAB L-2, PAS+, MPO-, ASD-). TdT was present. Immune studies suggested a T-cell phenotype (CD5+, CD7+); however, there was no rearrangement of the T beta-cell receptor gene. Surprisingly, the leukemia cells also expressed the CD13 myeloid antigen. Dual staining analysis showed co-expression of lymphoid and myeloid antigens on most cells. Based on these data and a review of previous reports we suggest that acute leukemia associated with the 5q- abnormality can occur in an immature stem cell resulting in a hybrid leukemia.
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PMID:Hybrid leukemia and the 5q-abnormality. 204 86

Cytological and clinical characteristics of 25 patients with adult Ph1-positive acute leukemia were investigated. They were 2 cases with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and 23 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The prognosis of the patients with ALL, whose leukemia cells were positive for monoclonal antibodies against CD13 and/or CD33, was poorer than that of the patients with typical ALL. Additional chromosomal abnormalities were frequently detected on chromosome No. 2, 7, 8, 9 and 14. Both two patients with AML showed the additional chromosomal abnormalities on chromosome No. 8. Major- and minor-BCR rearrangements were analyzed in 14 patients with Ph1-positive acute leukemia. Neither major- or minor-BCR rearrangement was detected in one patients. Four patients showed major-BCR rearrangement and 9 patients showed minor-BCR rearrangement. By the chemotherapy including vincristine and prednisolone, 20 patients out of 25 got into complete remission. Nineteen patients, however, relapsed thereafter. Survival curves drawn by the method of Kaplan and Meier showed that 50 percent of the patients died within one year after diagnosis and that the prognosis of the patients with Ph1-positive acute leukemia was similar to that of the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in lymphoid blast crisis and worse than that of the all patients with ALL.
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PMID:[Cytological and clinical characteristics of the patients with adult Ph1-positive acute leukemia]. 206 77

Sweet's syndrome presenting with malignancy or acute neutrophilic dermatosis is an unusual cutaneous disorder associated most commonly with acute myelogenous leukemia. Although other cancers may be linked to acute neutrophilic dermatosis, a large majority of patients have associated neoplasms of hematopoietic, plasma cell, or lymphoid nature. We report a patient with aplastic anemia who showed acute neutrophilic dermatosis and, ultimately, acute leukemia. The individual lesions responded to carbon dioxide laser surgery.
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PMID:Sweet's syndrome with acute leukemia. 207 Jun 45

The expression of nucleoside carrier [nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR) binding] sites has been related to proliferative fraction in cell lines and in patient myeloid and lymphoid blasts. This correlation was examined in patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bone marrow blasts were incubated with 8 microM bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and dual-labeled with propidium iodide and anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibody. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of cells with detectable BrdUrd incorporation into DNA (%S) and the proliferative fraction (PF = %S+%G2M) in 63 patients; NBMPR binding sites were quantitated in samples from 29 patients. The median %S was 6.1% (range 0.6-25.9%) and the median PF was 13.0% (range 2.4-36.1%), with a median of 7243 NBMPR binding sites per cell (range 1716-27247). In contrast to a previous report which included bone marrow and peripheral blood blasts, %S in marrow blasts did not correlate with NBMPR binding sites per cell (r = 0.005, p = 0.979). Similarly, PF did not correlate with NBMPR sites per cell (r = 0.190, p = 0.325). This lack of correlation between leukemia cell proliferation and NBMPR binding sites per cell suggests that DNA synthesis in AML blasts depends primarily on de novo nucleoside synthesis rather than the usage of salvage pathways.
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PMID:S-phase fraction is not correlated with nucleoside transport in acute myeloid leukemia cells. 159 12

A-36-year old Japanese female who had been suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and treated with prednisolone for 3.5 years developed de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) without preleukemic state. She had a short period of complete remission in leukemia but she died with recurrence of leukemia. While malignant tumors including lymphoid malignancy have been shown to develop occasionally in the course of SLE, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) following SLE is a very rare condition. Although combination of SLE and AML may be incidental, review of the literatures revealed some interesting insight into the pathogenesis of SLE and AML.
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PMID:[Acute promyelocytic leukemia developed in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report]. 207 34

In vitro clonogenic assays may be useful for determining the sensitivity of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents. We evaluated the antileukemic effect of Bisantrene (an anthracene derivative now undergoing phase II clinical trials in relapsed/resistant acute non lymphoid leukemias-ANLL) using the ANLL cell clonogenic assay. Fifteen cases were studied (9 newly diagnosed, 5 relapsed and 1 refractory ANLL). Normal CFU-GM sensitivity was tested in a subset of 10 normal controls. A wide range of concentrations (from 0.01 to 10 micrograms/ml) at 3 durations of exposure (30 min, 120 min, continuous) was employed. Bisantrene proved effective in 12 out of 15 ANLL cases, inhibiting blast colony growth (50% at 1 micrograms/ml; nearly 100% at 10 micrograms/ml) in a dose-dependent, time-independent way. Three cases were unresponsive both in vitro and in vivo. Normal CFU-GM were inhibited at lower doses (50% at 0.5 micrograms/ml; 100% at 5 micrograms/ml). We conclude that: 1) Bisantrene is active in vitro on leukemic clonogenic cells at doses corresponding to plasmatic levels achievable in patients, with a parallel activity in vivo in 3 relapsed cases. It should be tested in vitro before therapeutic use in order to avoid, if possible, improper use in resistant patients. 2) Normal CFU-GM are more sensitive than clonogenic leukemic cells. This must be taken into account, in view of possible prolonged neutropenias after therapy. 3) The time-independent effect of the drug should be evaluated in the design of new therapeutic schedules.
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PMID:In vitro effects of bisantrene on fresh clonogenic leukemia cells: a preliminary study on 15 cases. 209 93

Normal and leukemic hematopoietic cell lysates were labeled with [3H]-diisopropylfluorosorophosphate ([3H]-DFP), an active site inhibitor of serine hydrolases. The labeled proteins in the lysates were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by counting of gel segments for radioactivity. The results indicate the presence of distinct [3H]-DFP binding patterns for different normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells; significantly lower labeling in normal or leukemic lymphoid cells compared to myeloid or monocytoid cells; lower labeling in acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB-M1) as compared to acute myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB-M4), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia or monocytes and an increase in [3H]-DFP binding with cell maturation along granulocytic series. Thus, these patterns could be useful in discriminating acute lymphoblastic leukemia from myeloid/monocytoid types of leukemia and for following maturation of myeloid cells, and perhaps for studying functional or maturation defects in hematopoietic cells in other pathological conditions.
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PMID:Diisopropylfluorophosphate binding proteins (serine hydrolases) from normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. 211 31

We performed cytogenetic and immunologic studies of blast cells from 13 children with acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) to discern patterns of chromosome alteration and antigen expression that would assist in classification of this disease entity. Six patients with 11q23 translocations--including four with the t(11;19), one with the t(9;11), and one with the t(1;11)--were characterized by a young age and hyperleukocytosis. A B cell-associated antigen (CD19) and HLA-DR antigens were expressed by blast cells from all patients; only one case was positive for the common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen (CALLA, CD10). A myeloid-associated antigen (CD13) was expressed by blast cells from one patient at diagnosis and from another at relapse; it was also expressed by cells from the remaining four patients after brief in vitro culture without addition of differentiating agents. Four patients with t(9;22)(q34;q11) were characterized by an older age and hyperleukocytosis. Each of these cases was positive for CD13, CD19, and HLA-DR, and three were positive for CALLA. The 11q23 translocation was associated with CALLA- ALL marked by a myeloid phenotype, whereas the t(9;22) occurred in cases of acute myeloid leukemia with a CALLA+ lymphoid phenotype. One case had a 7q35-q36 translocation, which involves the region of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene. Our results suggest that karyotypic alterations can be used to refine the classification of AMLL.
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PMID:Karyotypic patterns in acute mixed lineage leukemia. 213 47


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