Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A discrete intracerebellar mass of myeloblasts was found in a 26-year-old woman with acute myelocytic leukemia in remission. This chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma) was treated successfully by surgical extirpation. An aggressive neurosurgical role seems appropriate in handling central nervous system leukemic nodules in view of the improved patient survival created by current chemotherapy regimens.
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PMID:Intracerebellar chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma): a neurosurgical complication of acute myelocytic leukemia. 107 Jan 67

A rare case of spinal epidural granulocytic sarcoma (GS) preceding acute myelogenous leukemia is described. A 10-year-old boy presented with lower leg weakness. The initial diagnosis was a histiocytic lymphoma, and he was treated accordingly. No evidence of bone marrow involvement was found at that time. The correct diagnosis of epidural GS was made possible in retrospect by using immunoperoxidase staining for lysozyme fourteen months later when the patient showed the full-blown features of leukemia. This rare tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an epidural mass with cord compression in patients with or even without acute leukemia, because early diagnosis followed by appropriate combined chemotherapy and radiation may obviate surgical intervention and eventually prevent leukemic transformation.
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PMID:Spinal epidural granulocytic sarcoma preceding acute myelogenous leukemia. 128 31

We describe a rare case of acute myeloblastic leukemia presenting with superior vena cava syndrome due to a mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma. The morphologic diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma was obtained from computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology. This is the second such case described in the world literature.
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PMID:Cytodiagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma presenting as superior vena cava syndrome in acute myeloblastic leukemia. A case report. 158 Jan 20

Three patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and peripheral blood eosinophilia are reported. At the time of diagnosis, all patients had lymphadenopathy, and one had a mediastinal mass. Lymph node biopsies revealed lymphoblastic lymphoma admixed with a variable number of mature eosinophils. Immunophenotypic studies demonstrated that each lymphoma had an immature T-cell immunophenotype. Bone marrow biopsies were hypercellular with myeloid hyperplasia and eosinophilia but were negative for lymphoma. All patients received multiagent chemotherapy; one patient achieved a complete remission, and two patients had partial remissions. All patients subsequently developed a myeloid malignancy. Two died of acute myeloid leukemia within 18 months of the diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma. The third patient relapsed with a lymphoma that had histologic and immunophenotypic features of both T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and granulocytic sarcoma and also developed a poorly defined myeloproliferative disorder. These findings suggest that T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma associated with eosinophilia may represent a distinct clinico-pathologic entity with a high risk of subsequent myeloid neoplasia.
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PMID:T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with eosinophilia associated with subsequent myeloid malignancy. 844 14

The authors report two cases of acute myeloid leukemia with prevalent cutaneous lesions. The positivity of granulo-monocytic antibodies and the exclusive cutaneous site of the lesions drove them previously to the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. These cases stress the problem of the immunological identification of cutaneous lymphomas of "histiocytic" type.
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PMID:Acute monocytic leukemia: prevalent cutaneous lesions. Two cases. 160 68

Previous reports suggest an increased risk of a second cancer, primarily osteosarcoma, in survivors of Ewing's sarcoma. In a retrospective review of 25 long-term irradiated survivors of Ewing's sarcoma, the incidence of second cancers was determined. The patients were free of disease for more than three years (except for one patient who developed a second cancer 2.5 years after diagnosis), with a median follow-up period of 7.6 years. All received megavoltage radiation to the primary tumor. Twenty-four of the 25 patients were treated with chemotherapy. Second cancers developed in two patients. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) developed in a seven-year-old 15 months after treatment. An osteosarcoma developed within an irradiated field in a 13-year-old three years after treatment. The actuarial risk of developing a second cancer at five years is 8% whereas the actuarial risk of developing a bone sarcoma is 4%. Genetic factors may play a role in the development of AML in patients with Ewing's sarcoma. Megavoltage radiation, particularly doses greater than 60 Gy, as well as alkylating agent chemotherapy may contribute to the risk for bone sarcoma. The risk of a second cancer after successful treatment of Ewing's sarcoma is similar to that expected for survivors of all childhood cancers.
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PMID:Second cancers in long-term survivors of Ewing's sarcoma. 172 13

We report an unusual occurrence of granulocytic sarcoma presenting as an ovarian mass in a 46-year-old woman with a history of dysplastic nevus syndrome. During workup of the ovarian mass, the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia was made. A fine-needle aspirate of the ovarian mass showed granulocytic sarcoma. The patient died of complications of the acute leukemia a short time later. A postmortem examination was performed, which confirmed the nature of the ovarian mass as a granulocytic sarcoma. Material was obtained for flow cytometry, immunohistochemical and histochemical studies, and electron microscopy. Ploidy analysis of the tumor showed it to be diploid with an S phase of 4.8% and a G2 + M ratio of 0.5%. To our knowledge, there is only one previous report of a primary ovarian presentation of granulocytic sarcoma, and only four cases in which granulocytic sarcoma was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. The association between dysplastic nevus syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in this case is discussed with reference to a review of the metachronous association between melanoma and leukemia as described in the literature.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma of the ovary. An unusual case presentation. 186 96

We report two children of Greek origin with granulocytic sarcoma of the orbit and acute myelogenous leukemia. In the first case the orbital tumor was the initial manifestation of the disease, while the other occurred during hematological remission.
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PMID:Ocular granulocytic sarcoma in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. 195 41

Etoposide is an important drug that has been recently incorporated with other agents in the curative treatment of patients with advanced neoplasms, including germ cell tumors, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Etoposide demonstrates remarkable schedule dependency. A randomized comparison has shown an impressive survival difference for patients with extensive SCLC receiving a 5-day course versus those receiving a 1-day course. Because of these and previous clinical and laboratory data, etoposide is now given intravenously or orally in a 3-day to 5-day schedule. It is generally accepted that approximately 50% of the orally administered drug is absorbed. The authors have initiated several etoposide studies using an extended administration schedule, believing that a prolonged schedule may be superior to the standard 3-day to 5-day schedule. This was initially tested in a Phase I study. Results showed that etoposide (50 mg/m2/d) given over 21 days was feasible and was associated with only moderate toxicity. Several Phase II studies have been completed or are nearing completion, including studies in patients with SCLC, NHL, germ cell tumors, soft tissue sarcoma, renal carcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma. Responses have been seen in all of these groups, particularly in patients with SCLC, lymphoma, and germ cell tumors. In these groups we saw responses in patients who were clearly resistant to etoposide plus cisplatin given in a standard schedule or in some patients who were resistant to high-dose etoposide with bone marrow transplantation. Investigators at Indiana University Medical Center who studied oral etoposide in a similar fashion in patients with advanced germ cell tumors and SCLC achieved results similar to those reported here. The authors have initiated a number of combination chemotherapy programs using the chronic oral form of etoposide. These include patients with SCLC, non-small cell lung cancer, and elderly patients with high-grade and intermediate forms of NHL. In addition, chronic intravenous oral etoposide is being used in salvage approaches for patients with acute myelocytic leukemia and recurrent resistant intermediate-grade and high-grade NHL. Preliminary pharmacokinetic data suggest that a 50-mg/m2 oral dose is highly bioavailable (91% to 96%). Therefore, during a prolonged oral course at 50 mg/m2, many patients maintain a minimum plasma concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Further studies of multiple dose or continuous infusion etoposide to maintain a potentially critical plasma level are in progress. Etoposide administered in this way could represent a "new" drug because many of its features are different, and its activity spectrum may be broader.
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PMID:Chronic oral etoposide. 198 32

Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor consisting of immature cells of the granulocytic series known to occur in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or acute myelogenous leukemia. This tumor may involve nodes, cervix, bone and periosteum, and infrequently the small intestine. Granulocytic sarcoma rarely occurs in the colon and has not been previously described endoscopically. We encountered a 73-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome who presented with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Colonoscopic evaluation (focal ulceration, friability, and nodularity) was compatible with Crohn's disease, although histology showed a dense myeloid cell infiltrate characteristic of granulocytic sarcoma. In patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia presenting with diarrhea, abdominal pain, and/or fever, colonoscopy and biopsy are indicated to determine if the colon is affected by granulocytic sarcoma.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma of the colon. 198 52


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