Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

101 patients with acute leukemia in relapse were treated with 5-azacytidine according to three schedules: Regimen A--300 mg/m2(day divided intravenously at 8 hour intervals for 5 days; Regimen B--750 mg/m2 as a single iv pulse dose administered at 2 to 3 weeks intervals; and Regimen C--300 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion daily for 5 days. Twelve patients achieved a complete remission (CR) and six achieved a partial remission (PR) for an overall 18% response rate. Of 78 patients receiving an adequate trial the response rate was 23%. An average of 1.5 courses and a median of 5 weeks were necessary to achieve a response. The median duration of CR patients was 21 weeks and for PR patients it was 5 weeks. Response rates were 24% for Regimen A, 0 for Regimen B, and 1 of 8 for Regimen C. The CR rate for AML and AMML was 13%. Two of eight AMoL patients achieved a CR. Only 2 of 23 ALL patients responded, one of whom achieved a CR. Toxicity included moderate to severe nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, skin rash, and prolonged myelosuppression. 5-azacytidine has significant activity in the acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias.
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PMID:5-azacytidine in acute leukemia. 8 72

One hundred and thirty-three patients, 94 with acute luekemia and 39 with solid tumors, received rubidazone, alone or in combination, at M. D. Anderson Hospital. The initial study, a phase I--II study carried out in 39 patients with acute leukemia, revealed substantial antileukemic activity with optimal results at a dose level of 450 mg/m2. Toxic manifestations included an acute reaction suggestive of histamine release with dose-limiting mucositis at a dose of 600 mg/m2. Forty-seven patients with acute leukemia were treated at phase II dose levels. Thirteen of 32 patients (42%) with acute myelogenous leukemia and seven of ten patients (70%) with acute lymphocytic leukemia achieved complete remission. Twenty-seven previously untreated patients with acute leukemia who were greater than 50 years old were treated with rubidazone in combination with cytosine arabinoside, vincristine, and prednisone. Fifteen patients (50%) achieved complete remission including 12 of 15 patients (73%) who were treated at a dose of 200 mg/m2 of rubidazone on Day 1 and a dose of 70 mg/m2/day X 7 days of cytosine arabinoside (continuous infusion). For patients with solid tumors, the dose-limiting toxic effect was myelosuppression at a dose of 200 mg/m2. Other toxicity at that dose level was minimal. The best responses were seen in patients with carcinoma of the period with two of four evaluable patients showing objective tumor regression. Of six previously untreated patients with thyroid carcinoma none responded, and in a phase II study of patients with breast cancer there were no partial remissions among 13 patients. Cardiac toxicity, manifested by congestive heart failure, occurred in seven patients at cumulative doses of 1050--2600 mg/m2 of rubidazone; all patients had had prior anthracycline therapy at low doses. Rubidazone has been shown to be an active antileukemic agent, but appears to be less active than Adriamycin in our studies of patients with solid tumors.
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PMID:Clinical studies with rubidazone. 28 57

Seven of 17 children (41%) under 5 years of age with acute granulocytic leukemia (AGL) treated with either cytosine arabinoside-cytoxan (CA-CYT) or Mini-COAP (CA-CYT with vincristine sulfate [VCR] and prednisone) have been in continuous complete remission 4 years or more. CA and CYT were each given in the dosage of 120 mg/m2 intravenously, daily in 3 divided doses, for 4 days. Induction consisted of two courses given at intervals of 2 weeks; during maintenance the courses were repeated at intervals of 4 weeks. In the Mini-COAP regimen, standard 28-day VCR-prednisone therapy was superimposed on CA-CYT induction and 4-day VCR-prednisone pulses were superimposed on CA-CYT maintenance. Transient moderate to severe myelosuppression was frequent; other manifestations of toxicity were mild. Administration of drugs at home was feasible in many instances. Mini-COAP was proved to be an effective therapeutic regimen for young children with AGL and should be considered as initial therapy.
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PMID:Improved survival in young children with acute granulocytic leukemia treated with combination therapy using cyclophosphamide, oncovin, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisone. 28 34

Isophosphamide was administered to 27 patients with acute leukemia and to 15 patients with malignant lymphoma refractory to primary therapy. The starting dose of isophosphamide was 1200 mg/m2 administered as a daily continuous infusion x 5 days; the courses of treatment were repeated every 2-3 weeks. Of the 27 patients with acute leukemia, four achieved complete remission, two achieved partial remission, and two achieved hematologic improvement. However, no responses occurred in ten patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Thus, the response rate was 47% (eight responses among among 17 patients, in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute undifferentiated leukemia. Seven of the 15 patients with malignant lymphoma responded. Most responses (five of six patients) occurred in patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Twenty-one of the 42 patients had received prior therapy with cyclophosphamide and 12 of these patients (two with leukemia and ten with lymphoma) responded, thus suggesting that as in the treatment of L1210 leukemia, isophosphamide is effective for tumors resistant to prior cyclophosphamide therapy. No significant genitourinary toxicity occurred; however, myelosuppression became the dose-limiting toxicity. Isophosphamide is active in malignant lymphomas and acute leukemias (except AML) and may have a role in combination regimens for such diseases.
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PMID:Isophosphamide therapy for hematologic malignancies in patients refractory to prior treatment. 35 Mar 86

Twenty-eight patients with advanced acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, 16 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and two with acute undifferentiated leukemia were treated with ICRF-159. No patient achieved a complete remission and only three patients (6%) achieved a partial bone marrow remission. The only significant toxic effect was myelosuppression which probably contributed to the death of six patients. Five patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received a combination of ICRF-159 and low-dose cytosine arabinoside. There were no remissions in this group and the toxic effects were more marked than with ICRF-159 alone. This study confirms the limited activity of ICRF-159 as a single agent in acute leukemia demonstrated in smaller series, and shows that, when used in combination with low-dose cytosine arabinoside, it was ineffective and resulted in increased toxicity. ICRF-159 alone or in combination with cytosine arabinoside has very limited activity in advanced adult acute leukemia.
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PMID:Limited activity of ICRF-159 in advanced acute leukemia. 36 84

Piperazinedione was administered to 79 patients with solid tumors on an intermittent schedule with single doses of 1.5-36 mg/m2. Courses were usually repeated at 4-week intervals. Twenty-five patients with leukemia were treated at doses of 18-36 mg/m2 (occasionally for 2 successive days) every 1-4 weeks. Of 48 evaluable patients with malignant melanoma, three (6%) achieved partial remission and nine (20%) had stable disease. Eight of 17 (47%) patients with adenocarcinomas and one of two (50%) patients with lymphomas also had stable disease. Six of 14 (43%) patients with acute myelogenous leukemia showed hematologic improvement, as did one of 11 (9%) patients with blast cell crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The principal toxic effect was myelosuppression, which occurred in 69% of the patients with solid tumors. Profound bone marrow aplasia occurred in 19% of the patients, resulting in six deaths (8%). Risk factors for marrow aplasia included extensive prior therapy, prior nitrosoureas, cumulative toxicity from piperazinedione, and abnormal liver function tests. The recommended doses for further studies are 9 mg/m2 for patients with risk factors for marrow aplasia, 12 mg/m2 for patients with prior therapy, 15 mg/m2 for previously untreated patients, and 24-36 mg/m2 for patients with acute leukemia.
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PMID:Phase I-II study of piperazinedione in adults with solid tumors and acute leukemia. 38 Aug 2

16 courses of an 8-drug regimen including daunomycin, vincristine, cytosinearabinoside, thioguanine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and hydroxyurea, and 12 courses of a 7-drug regimen including the same drugs minus hydroxyurea were administered in 16 otherwise therapy-resistant cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. In spite of a significant and rapid reduction of the leukaemic cell-mass in all the cases treated, only two brief minimal remissions were obtained. The main toxic effect was myelosuppression. However, the treatment was associated with a high frequency of mucosal ulcerations of the oesophagus and stomach, and it cannot be excluded that the latter complication may be drug-related.
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PMID:Treatment of therapy-resistant acute myeloid leukaemia with 7 and 8 cytostatics. 105 84

Sixty-six children with acute leukemia, in advanced stages of their disease and resistant to conventional chemotherapy, received adriamycin for remssion induction. Seventeen of 46 (37%) evaluable children with acute lymphocytic leukemia achieved a complete remission, and 5 (11%) achieved a partial remission. Two of 12 evaluable children with acute myelogenous leukemia achieved a complete remission, while an additional 3 achieved a partial remission. Two children with erythroleukemia also achieved a complete remission. Previous therapy with daunorubicin did not affect the response rate. The main toxicities observed with adriamycin were myelosuppression, fever, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, and cardiac toxicity (ST segment changes and arrhythmias).
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PMID:Adriamycin in the treatment of childhood acute leukemia. A Southwest Oncology Group study. 105 45

Thirty-seven adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were treated with a combination of daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, and prednisolone (DCMP) for remission induction. Twenty-three of 37 patients (62.2%) achieved complete remission, three, partial remission and 11, failure. Patients with prior therapy responded as well as patients without it. The median survival time of the patients who received DCMP for their initial remission induction therapy was 10.3 months and that of the patients who obtained complete remission was 17 months. Complete remission occurred in 21 out of 28 patients (75%) less than 40 years old but in only two out of nine patients (22.2%) more than 40 years old. The most common toxic effects were severe myelosuppression and liver function abnormalities. DCMP therapy is an effective remission induction chemotherapy for adults with AML.
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PMID:Daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, and prednisolone (DCMP) combination chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia in adults. 106 May 3

The combination of arabinosyl cytosine and 6-thioguanine has been effective for the treatment of acute leukemia. Three schedules of this combination were studied to determine which was most effective, especially in patients who had prior exposure to either or both of these drugs. Sequential and simultaneous 5-day courses of the combination were ineffective. A regimen consisting of a 5-day course of arabinosyl cytosine followed by a 5-day course of 6-thioguanine and another 5-day course of arabinosyl cytosine produced responses in 36% of 25 patients. Seven of the nine patients who responded were refractory to prior therapy with arabinosyl cytosine and 5 were refractory tp prior therapy with 6-mercaptopurine. However, the median duration of response was only six weeks. Four patients developed central nervous system complications and three of these patients died while in complete remission. Major toxicity from all three regiments was myelosuppression. This regimen was about as effective as most other regimens used as secondary therapy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, but its toxicity was too great for routine usage.
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PMID:Combinations of arabinosyl cytosine and 6-thioguanine for treatment of adults with acute leukemia. 106 20


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