Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 2254 persons receiving HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first remission, or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in first chronic phase to determine whether graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reactions are important in preventing leukemia recurrence after bone marrow transplantation. Four groups were investigated; recipients of non-T-cell depleted allografts without graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), recipients of non-T-cell depleted allografts with GvHD, recipients of T-cell depleted allografts, and recipients of genetically identical twin transplants compared with recipients of non-T-cell depleted allografts without GvHD, Decreased relapse was observed in recipients of non-T-cell depleted allografts with acute (relative risk 0.68, P = 0.03), chronic (relative risk, 0.43, P = 0.01), and both acute and chronic GvHD (relative risk 0.33, P = 0.0001). These data support an anti-leukemia effect of GvHD. AML patients receiving identical twin transplants had an increased probability of relapse (relative risk 2.58, P = 0.008) compared to allograft recipients without GvHD supporting an anti-leukemia effect of allografts independent of GvHD. CML patients receiving T-cell depleted transplants without GvHD had a higher probability of relapse (relative risk 6.91, P = 0.0001) than recipients of non-T-cell depleted allografts without GvHD. These data support an antileukemia effect independent of GvHD altered by T-cell depletion. These results indicate that much of the anti-leukemia effect of bone marrow transplants is related to immune factors rather than high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation.
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PMID:Graft-versus-leukemia in bone marrow transplantation. The Advisory Committee of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. 239 Jun 46

Monoclonal antibodies have previously been raised against two separate antigenic determinants on the human LC molecule. One, F10.89.4, recognizes a 'framework' epitope on all LC molecules; these are found on the majority of leucocytes. The other, F8.11.13, recognizes only a 'restricted' epitope present on a subset of these molecules; this subset is found on B lymphocytes and a subpopulation of T lymphocytes. LC molecules on myeloid cells do not carry the 'restricted' antigenic determinant. We have investigated the differential expression of these LC epitopes on human leukaemias, using immunofluorescence on fresh leukaemic blasts and established cell lines. Our study shows that, as on normal haemopoietic cells, LC molecules on B leukaemias bear both 'framework' and 'restricted' epitopes, while the majority of T leukaemias bear only the 'framework' determinant. The small proportion of T cells that are F8.11.13+ ('restricted' epitope) are relatively mature, being of either OKT4+ or OKT8+ phenotype, and may be in an activated state (HLA-DR+). However, in contrast to normal haemopoietic cells, some myeloid leukaemias carry both 'framework' and 'restricted' epitopes (30% AML and AMML samples are F10.89.4+, F8.11.13+), and it is within this group that all TdT+ AML and AMML cases lie. Thus, these monoclonal antibodies should be useful for studying haemopoiesis in man and for analyzing human haemopoietic malignancies.
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PMID:The human leucocyte-common (LC) molecule: dissection of leukaemias using monoclonal antibodies directed against framework and restricted antigenic determinants. 241 79

The immunological phenotypes of leukemia cell samples from 60 patients, of whom 54 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), were assessed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) with specificity for the following epitopes: Epitopes associated with myeloid leukemia cells, Epitopes expressed only on immature myeloid cells (or subsets) and on monocytes, Epitopes only expressed on granulocytes or on granulocytes and mature myeloid cells (promyelocytes, myelocytes and monocytes), Epitopes on HLA-class II (DR) and HLA-class I molecules and on insulin receptors. This panel of Mabs proved useful to identify leukemia cells in blood and to assess their myeloid origin. The panel of Mabs was found also to be useful for immunophenotyping of leukemia cells. Furthermore, the analysis revealed considerable variations in the immunological phenotype of AML cells, reflecting antigenic heterogeneity within the individual leukemia cell population as well as abnormal or no expression of histocompatibility antigens and insulin receptors in some samples. Some of the Mabs bound preferentially to subgroups in the French-American-British (FAB) classification.
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PMID:Specificity and diagnostic implications of the reactivity pattern of a panel of monoclonal antibodies against myeloid leukemia cells. 243 58

Studies to find engraftment following fetal liver infusion (FLI) in aplastic anaemia (AA) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were carried out in 24 patients (17 AA and 7 AML patients) out of the 56 who received FLI. HLA studies done in 13 patients (3 AA and 5 AML), repeatedly after FLI, showed no significant change in HLA antigen pattern before and after FLI. Red cell antigen studies were done in five (1 AA and 4 AML) patients, 3 weeks to 7 months after FLI. One patient with AML who was Rh negative prior to reinduction chemotherapy became Rh positive two months after FLI; six months later he was Rh negative again. In the remaining patients there was no change in red cell antigen pattern after FLI. Radio-immuno-assay to detect alpha-fetoprotein levels, carried out in 10 (8 AA and 2 AML) patients repeatedly after FLI, demonstrated no increase. In 13 patients (8 AA and 5 AML) in whom there was a sex difference between donor and recipient, bone marrow cultures for sex chromosomes revealed mixture of XX and XY cells in 3 male patients with aplastic anaemia. One male patient with AML demonstrated complete engraftment after induction chemotherapy and FLI: all the mitoses studied were of XX pattern. Engraftment was however temporary as repeated studies revealed reversion to XY pattern. The present work suggests that infusion of fetal liver cells may sometimes induce temporary chimerism or engraftment in an adult host; in the majority of cases, however, engraftment could not be established.
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PMID:Studies on engraftment following fetal liver infusion. 244 26

HLA-A, -B, -C characteristics were determined in 85 AML patients and in 47 ALL patients as well as in 95 pairs of parents of leukemic patients. The detected antigen frequencies of patients were compared with those of 2,947 donors from Leipzig. A significant increase of frequency was found for Cw4 and in the group of ALL patients (p = 0.05), an increase of frequency could be observed for B22 and in the group of PR/NR patients for pcor = 0.05. A correlation between A9 and longer survival time in leukemic patients could not be found. Parents of leukemic patients (but not the patients themselves) showed a limited genetic heterogeneity with respect to the HLA system.
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PMID:[HLA and leukemia]. 247 15

A 12-year old boy was admitted to Saitama Children's Medical Center because of fever and epistaxis. He had leukocytosis (WBC 40,800/microliters, blast 75%), anemia, thrombocytopenia and high levels of serum LDH, lysozyme, Vitamin B12, and plasma histamine. Bone marrow aspiration revealed hypercellular marrow with 31.2% blasts, 15.2% eosinophils, and 14.2% basophils. Blasts had Auer rods and were positive for peroxidase and negative for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and PAS stainings. Ia, CD13 (My7), and CD19 (B4) antigens were expressed on his leukemic cells. Chromosomal study showed 46, XY, t(7;8) (q35;q22), del(9) (q13q22). Southern blot analysis using immunoglobulin constant region (C) probes revealed germline patterns of C mu, C kappa, C lambda, and breakpoint cluster region. A diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL, M4) was made. He attained a complete remission with daunorubicin and cytarabine, and 6 months later he received bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sister. This case had the common breakpoint 8q22 with ANLL with t(8;21) (q22;q22), and was unique AMMoL with proliferation of eosinophils and basophils in bone marrow.
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PMID:[Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) with CD19 antigen expression, eosinophilia and basophilia in bone marrow]. 247 65

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent and clinically important infection following bone marrow transplantation. Candidates for this study were patients admitted for transplantation: 22 patients received bone marrow from a HLA-identical, MCR-nonreactive sibling, in 9 patients an autologous BMT was performed. The anti-CMV IgG (Cytotect) was administered at a dosage of 1 ml/kg on days -7, 13, 33, 53, 73 and 93 after BMT. 5 patients in the very beginning of our BMT program did not receive Cytotect. Patients were given random blood products from the bloodbank not tested for CMV positivity. Active CMV infection or seroconversion in our patients was defined as a rise in IgG titer against the late antigen of fourfold or more or an IgM increase. In the allogeneic BMT group the pretransplant serological status was in 6 cases negative in recipients and donor, in 7 patients positive in recipients and negative in donors, and in 4 patients positive in recipients and donors. Of the 6 patients seronegative in recipients and donors, 3 developed active infection and of the 7 patients pretransplant positive with seronegative donors 3 developed active infection and 4 latent infections during the period from 2 to 100 days following grafting. 1 patient out of the group transplanted in third partial remission of AML developed interstitial pneumonia and died on day +30.4 of the 4 cases with seropositivity of recipients and donors developed active CMV infection. Of 9 patients with autologous transplantation 6 patients were pretransplant seropositive. 3 of these 6 developed active infection and 2 latent infection 30 to 180 days after grafting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:CMV infections in bone marrow transplanted patients--evaluation of prophylaxis with Cytotect (CMV hyperimmuneglobulin). 248 Mar 8

A human T-cell line, designated as MKB-1, was established by cloning procedures in a suspension culture from a peripheral blood of a 17-year-old female patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia. The immunological marker profile of MKB-1 indicated that unlike a myeloid phenotype of the original leukemic cells, the cells were positive for CD3 (both cell surface and cytoplasm), T cell receptor (TcR) alpha/beta heterodimer, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD57 (Leu7), SN-1 and the cytoplasmic TcR beta chain. These findings indicate the T cell nature of the established cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was also detected in 60%. We did not detect markers of human myeloid and B cell associated antigens, HLA-class II or immunoglobulin chains. Cytogenetic study revealed that the MKB-1 cells had a female hypo-tetraploid karyotype with chromosomal abnormalities including a translocation between chromosomes 10 and 14. The breakpoint of chromosome 14 of this translocation, 14q11.2, is known to be the location of TcR alpha and delta genes; t(10; 14) (q26; q11.2) is a variant type of a T cell neoplasm-associated translocation, t (10; 14) (q24; q11.2). The MKB-1 cell line is unusual in that its T cell characteristics are phenotypically and cytogenetically distinct from the original myeloid leukemia cells.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a clonal human T-cell line, MKB-1 derived from a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia. 248 67

A 26-year-old man, who presented with bilateral fundal haemorrhages, was found to have chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The Ph chromosome was not present but a clone with t(1;9) (p32;q34) was detected. On referral for bone marrow transplant (BMT) he was found to be in accelerated phase with clonal evolution in three cell lines inv(3)(q21q26); inv(3)(q),i(17q); inv(3q)+8. Molecular investigation revealed a breakpoint on chromosome 22 within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) similar to that found in Ph+ cases. After BMT, from an HLA-identical sister, successful engraftment (46,XX) was accompanied by evidence of a residual host cell population with further evolution (del(7)(q22)) and persistence of the bcr+ clone. Acute myeloid leukaemia, detected 5 months later, was associated with predominance of the clone 46XY,t(1;9),inv(3q),del(7)(q22) which failed to respond to treatment and the patient died 6.5 months after BMT. This case indicates that BMT, after the acquisition of additional chromosomal change in accelerated phase, may fail owing to persistence of the leukaemic clone. In addition the BMT conditioning regimen may produce further abnormalities which confer drug resistance on the persisting clone, which can emerge as an intractable myeloid blast crisis.
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PMID:Clonal evolution in Ph-negative, bcr-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia before and after bone marrow transplantation. 251 23

Two patients of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) with post-transfusional hepatitis (non-A, non-B) were treated with alpha-IFN and high-dose SNMC before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow transplantation from HLA identical and MLR negative sibling donor was carried out when their hepatic functions were almost normalized. In the early phase after bone marrow transplantation, the hepatic function in both two cases has been stable, thus indicating that this treatment should be tried for reducing hepatic dysfunction and for safety bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after the treatment of alpha-IFN and high-dose SNMC in two cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia with post-transfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis]. 251 1


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