Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spleen is a common site of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Extramedullary hematopoiesis seen in non-neoplastic conditions can occasionally be extensive and raise concerns for a myeloid neoplasm. We compared the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of splenic hematopoietic proliferations seen in neoplastic myeloid disorders (eg chronic myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorders and acute myeloid leukemias) to extramedullary hematopoiesis seen in a variety of reactive conditions. In all, 80 spleen specimens were reviewed. The presence of each marrow-derived lineage, dysplasia and immunohistochemical results were evaluated (CD34, CD117, myeloperoxidase, CD68, p53, TdT, CD42b and hemoglobin). Neoplastic hematopoietic proliferations in chronic myeloproliferative disorders are characterized by trilineage hematopoiesis with significant dysplasia in all cell lineages. Acute myeloid leukemia showed an increase in immature forms, which were highlighted by immunohistochemistry. Reactive extramedullary hematopoiesis showed variability in histologic features. Post-bone marrow transplant and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic-uremic syndrome spleens showed extramedullary hematopoiesis with some morphologic features of immaturity, which could simulate chronic myeloproliferative disorder. However, they lacked characteristic immunohistochemical features of neoplastic myeloid disorders such as positivity for CD34 or CD117.
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PMID:Morphologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of splenic hematopoietic proliferations in neoplastic and benign disorders. 1611 26

We examined the expression of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase in 195 Thai adult patients with acute leukemia and determined its specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CD117 was used to detect c-kit expression on CD45 and side-scatter-gated blast cells by flow cytometry. Of 163 AML cases, 67% expressed CD117. None of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) had CD117 expression, except one case of T-ALL. The majority of AML patients carrying t(8;21), inv(16), and t(15;17) had high CD117 expression. High proportion of AML cases without c-kit expressed monocytic markers. Significant associations between CD117 and CD34 (P<0.001), CD13 (P=0.006), CD7 (P=0.034), and CD19 (P<0.001) were found in AML cases. The calculated specificity of CD117 for the diagnosis of AML was 0.97, which was higher than CD13 (0.78) and CD33 (0.75) but comparable to MPO (0.97). The positive predictive value (PPV) of CD117 for AML was 0.99, with the negative predictive value of 0.35. In conclusion, the majority of Thai adult AML cases expressed c-kit. C-kit is infrequently expressed in ALL and appeared to be specific for AML with high PPV. Future targeting therapy using c-kit as a therapeutic target should benefit the majority of Thai AML patients who had high c-kit expression.
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PMID:C-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (CD117) expression and its positive predictive value for the diagnosis of Thai adult acute myeloid leukemia. 1632 53

Recent data suggest that myeloid neoplasms are organized hierarchically in terms of self-renewal and maturation of early progenitor cells, similar to normal myelopoiesis. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the NOD/SCID mouse-repopulating leukemic stem cells usually co-express CD123 with CD34, but lack CD38. So far, however, little is known about expression of other markers and targets on these progenitors. In the present study, expression of target antigens on CD34+/CD38- cells was analysed by multi-color flow cytometry in patients with AML (n = 18), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n = 6), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n = 8) and systemic mastocytosis (SM, n = 9). The IL-3Ralpha chain (CD123) was found to be expressed on CD34+/CD38- cells in a majority of the patients in all disease categories. Independent of the type of disease, the vast majority of these stem cells co-expressed aminopeptidase-N (CD13) and CD44 in all patients. By contrast, the CD34+/CD38- progenitor cells expressed variable amounts of the target receptor CD33, c-kit (CD117) and AC133 (CD133). In conclusion, neoplastic stem cells in various myeloid neoplasms appear to express a similar phenotype including target antigens such as CD13, CD33 and CD44. Since many of these targets are not expressed on all stem cells in all patients, the elimination of the entire clone may require combinations of targeted antibodies or use of additional drugs.
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PMID:Detection of molecular targets on the surface of CD34+/CD38-- stem cells in various myeloid malignancies. 1632 50

To investigate the interrelationship among morphology, immunology and clinical features in adult acute myeloid leukemia cases with 11q23 chromosome abnormalities, 210 newly diagnosed AML patients were retrospectively analyzed by cell morphology, immunophenotyping, G-banding or R-bamding analysis and clinical features. The results showed that 13 cases were found with 11q23 rearrangements or deletion (the incidence rate was 6.19%.), totally 84.6% showed the involvement with the monocytic lineage. Immunophenotyping tests indicated that AML cases with 11q23 abnormalities usually expressed the marker molecules of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells, monocytic lineage cells, such as CD34, CD117, CD14, CD15 and CD11b. The complete remission rate of the cases with 11q23 abnormalities was comparable to that of the cases with normal karyotype (P = 0.075), but the median disease-free survival in the former was significantly lower than that in the latter (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the category AML with 11q23 abnormalities accounts for 6.19% of all the newly diagnosed AML cases, that seems to be closely associated with monocytic differentiation blocking with a dismal prognosis.
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PMID:Cytobiological and clinicobiological features of AML with 11q23 chromosome abnormalities. 1640 53

We established a leukemia cell line derived from therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with the t(11;19) by xenotransplantation into the NOD/SCID mouse with IL-2Rgamma(c)-/- (NOG mouse). The cell line, TRL-01, could be serially transplanted from mouse to mouse and also grown in an adherence-dependent manner on a murine bone marrow stroma cell line, HESS-5. TRL-01 had the same immunophenotype as the original leukemia cells: positive for CD13, CD33, CD11a, CD18, CD29, CD49d, CD49e, CD54, CD62L, and CD117, and negative for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD34, CD41a, CD41b, CD135, and myeloperoxidase. Translocation (11;19)(q23;p13) in both the original sample and TRL-01 generated MLL-ENL chimeric transcripts joining exon 6 and exon 4, respectively, which has a novel isoform. In cultures of TRL-01, addition of GM-CSF, SCF, and G-CSF and adhesion to fibronectin-coated plates promoted transient proliferation and survival, although they did not support long-term culture. Subcutaneous injection caused a tumor to form only when HESS-5 was coinjected at the same site. These results suggest that TRL-01 is a useful cell line for studying not only the leukemia-related biology of MLL-ENL but also the intercellular association between leukemia and stroma.
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PMID:Establishment of a myeloid leukemia cell line, TRL-01, with MLL-ENL fusion gene. 1687 30

In order to analyze the clinical characteristics and biological features of acute leukemia in elderly, 104 acute leukemia patients in elderly were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 71 acute leukemia patients below 60 years old. The results showed that: (1) the proportion of AML in the aged group (73%) was higher than that in the young group (54.9%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but AML (M3) was absent in the aged group; (2) the median of bone marrow blast cell in the aged group was significantly lower than that in the young group (P < 0.05); (3) in AML, the frequently of CD14 expression was higher in the aged group (18.8%) than that in the young group (2.6%), while the expression frequencies of CD15 (37.5%), CD117 (62.5%), and CD38 (59.4%) were respectively lower in the aged group than that in the young group which were (69.2%) for CD15, (89.7%) for CD17, and (84.6%) for CD38 respectively, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). (4) CD19 was most frequently expressed in ALL of the aged group and the positive rate was 100%; (5) there was no significant difference in expression of special lineage antigens and overlapping lineage antigens between the aged group and the young group (P > 0.05); (6) the expression frequency of unfavorable karyotypes in the aged group was higher than that in the young group, and the difference was statistically very significant (P < 0.01); (7) the complete remission rate (CR rate) in the aged group was 42.9%, 2-year survival rate in the aged group was 5.4%, and treatment-related mortality rate in the aged group was 26.8%, while the CR rate in the young group was 76.6%, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the expression frequency of CD14 associated with unfavorable prognosis is higher in the aged group than that in the young group, while the expression frequency of CD15 associated with favorable prognosis is lower in the aged group than that in the young group. The expression frequency of unfavorable karyotypes in the aged group is higher than that in the young group. The CR rate of acute leukemia in elderly is low, thus the patients in elderly often have unfavorable prognosis.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics and immunophenotype of aged patients with acute leukemia]. 1720 98

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with recurrent genetic abnormalities often carries a favorable prognosis. AML with inv(16)(p13q22) occurs predominantly in younger patients and usually shows granulocytic and monocytic differentiation with abnormal eosinophils. It is referred to as acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils (AMML Eo). We report a case in a 27-year-old man with leukocytosis (10.6 x 10(3)/microL with 34% blasts), thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Marrow aspiration showed 47% blasts and 33% eosinophils, of which 19% were morphologically abnormal with both eosinophilic and basophilic cytoplasmic granules. Cytochemically, the blasts were positive for myeloperoxidase while the granules of abnormal eosinophils were positive for naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase. With flow cytometric immunophenotyping the blasts expressed CD13, CD33, CD117, myeloperoxidase and CD34. Marrow trephine showed 90% cellularity with 40% blasts expressing CD34, CD117, and myeloperoxidase on immunohistochemistry. Chromosomal analysis reveled a karyotype of 46, XY, inv(16)(p13q22). This case illustrates a typical AMML Eo confirmed by a multi-modality diagnostic approach including morphology, cytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and conventional cytogenetic study.
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PMID:Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils: a case report with multi-modality diagnostic work-up. 1721

The aim of study was to investigate the expression of CD36 in leukemia cells and to explore its significance in diagnosis and differential diagnosis for leukemia in patients. Blood samples from 133 cases of leukemias were analyzed by CD45/SSC double parameters and multi-color flow cytometry in order to determine the CD36 and other leukocyte differentiation antigens. The results show that the CD36 positive rate was 21.8% (29/133) in 133 cases of leukemia, 41.9% (26/62) in 62 cases of AML (acute myeloid leukemia), and none of the 54 cases of lymphocytic leukemia was positive for this antigen. The positive rate of CD36 in M(4) (8/10), M(5) (12/12) and M(6) (3/3) was significantly higher than that in M(1) (0/9), M(2) (3/12), M(3) (0/16) (all P < 0.001). The percent of positive cells of CD36 in M(5a) was significantly higher than in M(5b) (P = 0.001). A significantly negative regression was found between CD36 and CD117 in AML (r = -0.751, P = 0.005). And a significantly positive regression was found between CD36 and CD14 in M(4) and M(5b) (r = 0.870, P = 0.011). In monocyte lineage involved leukemia (MLIL), the positive rate of CD36 (92.6%, 25/27) was significantly higher than that of CD14 (48.1%, 13/27)(P = 0.001). None of the 7 cases with M(5a) was positive for CD14, but 4 of 5 cases of M(5b) were positive. The positive rate of CD117 in M(5a) was significantly higher than that of in M(5b)(P = 0.01). The positive rate of CD34 in M(5) was low (33.3%, 4/12). It is concluded that the combination of CD36 with lymphoid and myeloid antigens is helpful to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphoid, myeloid and MLIL. The positive rate of CD36 is higher than that of CD14 in MLIL.
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PMID:[CD36 expression in leukemia cells checked with multi-parameter flow cytometry and its significance]. 1749 May 15

The objective of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics and the therapeutic effect in patients with acute erythroleukemia (AML-M(6)). Morphology, immunophenotype and cytogenetics were retrospectively analyzed in 29 patients with AML-M(6) and were compared with 30 AML-M(2) patients. The results showed that there were immature cells (2% - 10%) and erythroblast, and puncture of bone marrow revealed myelodysplastic features involving multiple hemopoietic lineages in bone marrow of 19 patients. Flow cytometry indicated that the expression frequency of Gly-A in M(6) significantly increased (66.67 +/- 23.86)% and higher than that in M(1), M(2), M(3), M(4) and M(5) (P < 0.01). The expression frequencies of HLA-DR (60.00 +/- 24.79%), CD34 (40.00 +/- 24.79%), CD38 (33.33 +/- 23.86%) in M(6) were high, and the frequencies of myeloid immunophenotypes CD13 (66.67 +/- 23.86%), MPO (33.33 +/- 23.86%), CD33 (46.67 +/- 25.25%), CD15 (33.33 +/- 23.86%), CD117 (46.67 +/- 25.25%) were common as well in M(6). Lymphocytic immunophenotypes CD3, CD4, CD19 were detected in part of patients with M(6), and the expression frequencies of CD4 was 26.67%. The expression frequences of CD38, CD33, CD15, MPO in M(6) were less common than that in M(2) (P < 0.01). In 4 out of 9 M(6) patients the chromosomal abnormatility (44.44%) was seen, in one of which complex chromosome abnormality was found. The complete remmision rate of M(6) patients was 29.41%, and lower than that of M(2) patients (68.18%, P < 0.01). It is concluded that Gly-A is a specific immunophenotype in M(6), which can help to distinguish M(6) from other types of acute myeloid leukemia. Poor clinical therapeutic response may correlated with its biological characteristics.
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PMID:[Biological characteristics and therapeutic effect of acute erytho-leukemia]. 1760 46

The study was aimed to investigate the immunological characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M(1) and to find the main points in immunology to differentiate AML M(1) from M(2), and M(1) from ALL (proB, preB, T). Immunophenotyping was performed in 41 AML M(1) patients by three-color flow cytometry analysis using CD45/SSC gating, meanwhile the cytogenetic analysis was performed in 17 patients. 51 newly diagnosed AML M(2) patients and 58 newly diagnosed ALL patients were used as control at the same time. The results showed that the positive rate of CD33 in M(1) was 100%, which was high in sensitivity, but low in specificity; the positive rate of CD11b, CD15, MPO, CD117 in M(1) were significantly lower than that in M(2) (p < 0.05); the positive rate of T-lineage antigen in Ly + AML M(1) was higher than that in M(2) (p < 0.05); compared with ALL ProB, M(1) had high expression of HLA-DR, simultaneously myeloid antigen CD13, CD15, CD33, CD117, MPO and T-lineage antigen CD4, CD7 were all highly expressed (p < 0.05); compared with ALL PreB, M(1) had high expression of HLA-DR, CD34, meanwhile myeloid antigen CD13, CD15, CD33, CD117, MPO and T-lineage antigen CD4, CD5 were all highly expressed (p < 0.05); as compared with T-ALL, the early-phase antigen HLA-DR, CD34, myeloid antigen CD13, CD15, CD33, CD117, MPO of M(1) were all significantly highly expressed (p < 0.05). In M(1), the complete remission (CR) rate in patients with CD7 positive had no statistical difference from that in patients with CD7 negative (p > 0.05); the CR rate of patients with CD34 positive had no statistical difference from that of patients with CD34 negative (p > 0.05); CR rate in M(1) was lower than that in M(2) (p < 0.05), time to reach CR was longer, the incidence of hyperleukocytic acute leukemia was higher (p < 0.05), CR rate in hyperleukocytic acute leukemia was lower (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the myeloid antigen CD33, CD13 in M(1) are highly expressed, early-phase antigen HLA-DR in M(1) is also highly expressed, but the myeloid antigen CD11b, CD15, MPO, CD117 in M(1) are lowly expressed, T-lineage antigen CD4, CD7 in M(1) are highly expressed in the meantime. There is no definite characteristic marker in immunology to differentiate M(1) from M(2), but as the positive rate of CD11b, CD15, MPO, CD117 in M(1) are significantly lower than that of M(2), CD11b, CD15, MPO, CD117 can be used as reference indicators to differentiate M(1) from M(2). AML M(1), ALL ProB, ALL PreB and T-ALL, which are difficult to differentiate in morphology can be well seperated through the analysis of immunological phenotype. CD117 is mainly expressed in AML, which is useful for the differentiation diagnosis between AML and ALL. The prognosis of M(1) is worse than that of M(2).
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PMID:[Immunologic characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia M1]. 1770 83


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