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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1981 and 1986 cytogenetic studies of bone marrow and/or blood cells in 139 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were performed. The overall incidence of chromosomal aberrations was 53%, and this was not significantly influenced by sex, age nor the FAB classification. The aberrations most often found were: complex anomalies (n = 13), t(8; 21) (n = 10), trisomy 8 (n = 9), monosomy 7 (n = 6), monosomy 5, 5q-, trisomy 11, 12p- (n = 4) and trisomy 6, 11q-, inv (n = 3). The prognostic significance of chromosomal findings was evaluated in 112 patients treated by combination chemotherapy. The chromosomal status NN, AN, AA did neither significantly influence complete remission rate (NN: 68%, AN: 71%, AA: 60%) nor mean survival (NN: 24, AN: 26.6, AA: 35.6 months). On the other hand, certain types of chromosomal anomalies were of prognostic value. CR was obtained in all 10 patients with t(8; 21) but only in 2 out of 9 patients with complex aberrations. Median duration of CR in patients with t(8; 21) was significantly longer than in patients with a normal karyotype (30 vs 7 months).
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PMID:Prognostic significance of chromosome analysis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 342 67

Information was retrieved from a computer-based data bank about additional chromosome aberrations in patients with acute lymphatic or nonlymphatic leukemia (ALL or ANLL) and one of the following primary rearrangements: In ALL t(9;22), t(11;14), t(1;19), t(4;11), t(8;14), and del(6q); in ANLL t(9;22), t(6;9), t(8;21), t(15;17), t(9;11), inv(16), and del(20q). The distribution of secondary changes was nonrandom. Chromosomes #1, #7, #8, and #9 were frequently involved in both disease groups, albeit with some pointed differences regarding the types of rearrangements making up the majority of aberrations. Chromosome #6 was clearly more affected in ALL, whereas, loss of a sex chromosome was largely restricted to ANLL patients. Differences between specific subtypes were detectable in both ALL and ANLL. Sex chromosome loss occurred almost exclusively in patients with t(8;21), who also tended to have del(9q) and/or trisomy 8. On the other hand, patients with t(15;17) often had del(7q) or monosomy 7, trisomy 8, and del (9q) as part of their karyotypes. None of the patients with inv(16) had del(9q). Instead, structural aberrations of chromosomes #7, #16, and #19 were fairly numerous in this subgroup, as was trisomy 8. Structural changes of #1, particularly translocations and duplications, were especially frequent in ALL patients with primary rearrangements t(8;14) or del(6q). In both ALL and ANLL, patients with t(9;22) had similar additional changes, often +8, -7, and/or +Ph. The findings indicate that the initial cytogenetic change is an important factor in determining the nature of subsequent chromosomal abnormalities developing in the malignant clone.
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PMID:Secondary chromosome aberrations in the acute leukemias. 346 Jun 87

Inv(16)(p13q22) and t(16;16)(p13;q22) are recurring chromosomal rearrangements which juxtapose the metallothionein gene cluster at 16q22 with other DNA sequences from 16p13. We have studied 20 men and 13 women who had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia; 27 patients had an inv(16) and six patients had a t(16;16). Eight patients also had trisomy 22, and four had trisomy 8. All but two patients had the unique morphologic features of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils (M4Eo). In one patient with M4 leukemia, abnormal eosinophils were not observed in the marrow. A second patient had acute monocytic leukemia, plus abnormal eosinophils. Eosinophils constituted 1% to 46% (median, 6%) of the bone marrow cells, and in all but a single patient, the eosinophils exhibited distinctly abnormal morphology. Twenty-five patients have had a complete remission (78% of treated patients). Nine patients have remained in remission longer than 24 months. No patient had symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) disease at diagnosis, and none had CNS leukemic mass lesions at any time. Treatment with high-dose cytarabine may have provided prophylactic CNS therapy. Four additional patients with chromosomal rearrangements involving a breakpoint at 16q22 but not at 16p13 have had different morphological features and different clinical courses. Thus, the juxtaposition of genes at 16p13 and 16q22, which occurs both in the inv(16) and the t(16;16), results in a specific subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia that has a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils and inv(16) or t(16;16) has a favorable prognosis. 346 76

Forty-nine patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were subclassified according to French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group criteria. Eight patients had acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA), ten had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL), 14 had refractory anemia (RA), nine had refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), and five had refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T); three patients could not be subclassified. The actuarial median survival for patients with AISA or with RA had not been reached at 60 months of follow-up. The median survival times for patients with CMMoL, RAEB, and RAEB-T were 25, 21, and 16 months, respectively. The percentages of patients with each subtype who developed ANLL were none in AISA, 20% in CMMoL, 7% in RA, 56% in RAEB, and 40% in RAEB-T. Patients with CMMoL had a poor prognosis independent of transformation to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), whereas patients with RAEB and RAEB-T had a high incidence of transformation and short survival times. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were present in bone marrow cells from 19 patients at the time of diagnosis, and two others developed an abnormal karyotype at the time of leukemic transformation. The most frequent abnormalities, including initial and evolutionary changes, were trisomy 8 (9 patients), deletion of 5q (4 patients), and deletion of 20q (4 patients). The median survival times were 32 months for patients with an abnormal karyotype, and 48 months for those with a normal karyotype (P = 0.2). Specific chromosomal abnormalities were not associated with particular histologic subtypes; however, a high percentage of patients with RAEB and RAEB-T had an abnormal clone (89% and 80%, respectively). The percentages of patients with clonal abnormalities were 13% for AISA, 20% for CMMoL, and 29% for RA. The MDS transformed to ANLL in 42% of patients with an abnormal karyotype, compared to 10% of those with an initially normal karyotype (P less than .01). Among patients with RA, RAEB, and RAEB-T, the risk of leukemic transformation was confined to those with an abnormal karyotype (P less than .01). Thus, in the present study, morphology and karyotype combined were the best indicators of outcome in patients with MDS.
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PMID:Prognostic implications of morphology and karyotype in primary myelodysplastic syndromes. 370 60

Karyotypes were determined in 109 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The proportions of patients with nonclonal chromosomal abnormalities, with numeric changes only, and with severe chromosomal aberrations were all found to increase to a statistically significant degree with patient age. Most patients in whom less than half of all cells were abnormal were elderly males. These results indicate that the cell karyotype was less stable in elderly patients than in younger patients. A higher frequency of nonclonal chromosomal changes was found in patients with clonal abnormalities compared with those without such abnormalities. Male patients tended to gain chromosomes and had more hyperdiploid abnormalities than female patients, who tended to lose chromosomes and had more hypodiploid abnormalities. This trend of chromosomal gain in males and loss in females mainly involved chromosomes similar in size to the sex chromosomes. Three female patients with trisomy 8 and one with 7q+ and t(8;21) showed an X chromosome twisted into a spiral shape. The results indicate that the initial karyotype effects the formation of some numeric changes. These findings are discussed in relation to possible secondary chromosomal changes and karyotypic instability.
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PMID:Correlation of karyotype with patient sex and age in acute myeloid leukemia. 385 78

Cytogenetic analyses of bone marrow cells were performed in 195 children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) at diagnosis, as part of Childrens Cancer Study Group Study No. 251. Ninety-six patients (49%) exhibited clonal abnormalities, including trisomy 8 in 18 patients, t(8;21) in 11, t(15;17) in seven, loss of a sex chromosome in seven, monosomy 7 in seven, and the Philadelphia chromosome in four. Clonal abnormalities were found significantly more often in younger patients. Furthermore, recurring cytogenetic abnormalities tended to correlate with specific ages. For example, t(8;21) was associated significantly with children over four years of age, while -7 associated with overall loss of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q) and 11q- were associated significantly with younger children. Recurring chromosome abnormalities also correlated with specific ANLL histologic subtypes, such as t(8;21) with acute myelogenous leukemia and t(15;17) with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Presence or absence of cytogenetic abnormalities was compared with the ability of patients to achieve remission. Individuals exhibiting clonal abnormalities in bone marrow cells had an equally likely chance of achieving remission (74%) as those individuals with normal karyotypes (75%). Nonrandom chromosome abnormalities associated with a high induction success rate included +8 with a 94% induction success rate (P = .13) and t(8;21) with a 91% success rate (P = .46). Patients exhibiting the -7 abnormality associated with overall loss of 7q had a significantly less successful induction outcome, with only 28% achieving remission (P = .02); three of seven patients with t(15;17) died during induction therapy.
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PMID:Correlation of chromosome abnormalities with patient characteristics, histologic subtype, and induction success in children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 396 32

Using high-resolution chromosomes of bone-marrow specimens from 105 consecutive adult patients with de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, we found an unusually high degree of complexity in this disorder, which may explain previous difficulties in identifying useful prognostic indicators. Specimens from 99 of the 105 patients were successfully analyzed, and 92 (93 per cent) had a chromosomal defect. Seventeen categories were identified, 12 representing a specific recurrent defect. Three of them have been found to have independent prognostic importance. Patients with an inversion 16 (9 per cent), diagnosed as having M2, M4, or M5b disease according to the morphologic classification of the French-American-British Acute Leukemia Cooperative Study Group, had a uniform and sustained complete remission and a median survival of 25 months. In contrast, 14 patients (14 per cent) with complex chromosomal abnormalities and a diagnosis of M1, M2, M4, M5a, or M6 disease had a very poor prognosis. In 12 of the 14 patients efforts to achieve induction of remission failed, and the group had a median survival of 2.5 months. A third group with a trisomy 8 as the single defect (11 per cent) had an intermediate prognosis and a median survival of 10 months. With the different types of treatment for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia that are now available, we suggest that high-resolution chromosome analysis will become an important tool in selecting specific types of therapy for groups of patients with differing prognoses.
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PMID:High-resolution chromosomes as an independent prognostic indicator in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 647 83

Bone marrow clones with abnormal chromosomes were observed in 56% of 66 patients with forms of acute myeloid leukemia [French-American-British (FAB) M1-M6]. Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML, M1 and M2) was the most common form, and 65% of these patients showed chromosomal abnormalities compared with 41% of patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL, M4). The recognized nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities found were trisomy 8, monosomy 5 or 7, trisomy 1q, t(6;9), t(8;21), t(15;17), and abnormalities in 17q. There was also a strong involvement of chromosome No. 11: Abnormalities were found in eight patients when their leukemia was diagnosed and in a further three patients during the course of karyotypic evolution. Six of these patients had AMMoL or AMoL. Complex or multiple clones were found in 37% of AML patients at diagnosis. Our AML patients had a reduced frequency of abnormalities in chromosome No. 5 or 7 and an increased frequency of abnormalities in chromosome No. 8 compared with studies reported in other countries (p = 0.01). This difference suggests that in New Zealand AML might be caused by factors different from those operating in more industrialized centers.
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PMID:Nonrandom cytogenetic changes in New Zealand patients with acute myeloid leukemia. 657 48

Chromosomal karyotypes were determined with standard G-banding in 103 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Abnormal clones were present in 52 (50.5%). Higher frequencies of abnormalities were observed in male than in female patients and in erythroleukaemia (EL) than in other subtypes of AML. Abnormalities were more frequent in myeloblastic (AMyL) than in myelomonocytic leukaemias (AMML) and mixtures of both normal and abnormal karyotypes were more common among elderly patients; these differences, though of marginal statistical significance, are consistent with previous reports. 9 of 10 cases with 5 or more aberrant chromosomes and 6 of 8 cases with unidentified marker chromosomes were either AMML or EL. Remission rates, median survivals and relative death rates were collated in 82 patients, in relation to the karyotype patterns NN (all normal), AN (mixed normal and abnormal) and AA (all abnormal). The differences between the groups did not reach statistical significance. Serial cytogenetic studies were performed in 10 patients. New karyotype changes emerged in only 1 of 6 relapses. 4 examples of t(8;21) and 2 of t(15;17) were found. 1 case of AMML showed trisomy 8 and double minute chromosomes. 1 case of EL showed 2 marker chromosomes with homogeneously staining regions.
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PMID:Correlation between chromosomal pattern, cytological subtypes, response to therapy, and survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. 657 88

A case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with abnormal marrow eosinophils is presented. Thorough morphological, cytochemical, and cytogenetic studies confirm the existence of a recently defined new cytogenetic-morphological entity: acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal bone marrow eosinophils (FAB M4), chloracetate esterase- and periodic acid-Schiff-positivity of eosinophilic granules, and pericentric inversion of chromosome 16, in this case combined with trisomy 8. So far 18 such cases have been reported from a single institution. The implications of this new association on the diagnosis of acute leukemia with abnormal eosinophils are discussed.
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PMID:Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with involvement of eosinophils and inversion of chromosome 16. 658 12


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