Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was determined in 38 patients with lung cancers (n = 15), malignant lymphoma (n = 11) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 12). The patients with malignant lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia showed a significant decrease in both enzyme activities (P less than 0.01) while the patients with lung cancer (9 squamous cell carcinomas and 6 small cell carcinomas) showed normal values of SOD and catalase activities. Furthermore, the patients with malignant lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia, in remission, but not treated with anticancer drugs, also showed a significant decrease in SOD and catalase activity. These observations therefore indicate that a deficiency of erythrocyte SOD and catalase activities is caused by cancer and varies with the type of the cancer.
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PMID:Deficiency of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in patients with malignant lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia. 609 9

The mortality experience of a cohort of 3,827 white men licensed to apply pesticides in Florida was evaluated to investigate health effects associated with chronic exposure to pesticides. Although the overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for these structural pest control workers was not significantly elevated (SMR = 103), excess deaths were observed for leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (3 observed vs. 0.9 expected), and cancers of the brain (SMR = 200) and lung (SMR = 135). The risk of lung cancer rose with the number of years licensed with SMR of 101, 155, and 289 among those licensed for less than 10 years, for 10-19 years, and for 20 years or more, respectively. Ratios of directly adjusted rates showed similar patterns with observed-to-expected ratios of 100, 175, and 186 for the length of licensure categories. Mortality from lung cancer was greater among persons first licensed before age 40 (SMR = 234) than among those first licensed after age 40 (SMR = 115). Although information on tobacco use was not available, the increasing risk of lung cancer with number of years licensed and the capacity of certain pesticides to produce neoplasms in laboratory animals suggested that some pesticides may be carcinogenic in humans.
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PMID:Lung cancer and other causes of death among licensed pesticide applicators. 657 7

Secondary tumors were noted in 8 out of 675 patients with Hodgkin's disease during remission following treatment. The following diseases were diagnosed:acute myeloblastic leukemia (1), lung cancer (2), gastric cancer (3), cervical cancer (1), and basalioma (2). The incidence of secondary tumors among patients with Hodgkin's disease turned out to be much higher than in general population. Complications were more frequently observed in men after combined therapy (radio- and drug therapy).
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PMID:[Secondary malignant tumors following treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. 659 Sep 41

This study was made to know the significance of fibrinopeptide A(FPA) as an indicator for coagulative analysis in thrombotic diseases. In normal control subjects (n=21), values of FPA by the radioimmunoassay were 0.5 +/- 1.4 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). In animal models, using Lyoplastin (tissue thromboplastin, n=5) or Ancrod (n=5) to piglets, plasma FPA levels elevated rapidly as a reflection of fibrin formation, and these changes of FPA were found to be most rapid and sensitive among the indicators for coagulation and fibrinolysis. In patients with thrombosis (n=32), elevated FPA levels (14.7 +/- 13.8 ng/ml) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG)(86.1 +/- 65.6 ng/ml) were found. FPA levels in these patients positively correlated to beta-TG (r=0.5539, P less than 0.05) and inversely to fibrinogen (fbg) (r= -0.3622, P less than 0.05). In patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML, n=112), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, n=18) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, n=15), mean FPA levels in patients with active signs and symptoms were significantly higher (AML: 13.5 ng/ml, APL: 20.8 ng/ml, ALL: 12.4 ng/ml) than those examined during remission states (AML: 7.7 ng/ml, P less than 0.02, APL: 3.9 ng/ml, P less than 0.01, ALL: 2.7 ng/ml, P less than 0.01). FPA levels in patients with APL inversely correlated to fbg (r= -0.6399, P less than 0.01). In patients with lung cancer (n=75), mean FPA level in advanced stage (17.7 ng/ml, n=67) were significantly higher than those examined in early stage 6.5 ng/ml, n=8, P less than 0.001). In patients with acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (n=12), prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, severely reduced fbg and platelets, and remarkably elevated fibrin degradation product were found. Elevated FPA and beta-TG levels were also found (FPA: 23.5 +/- 15.0 ng/ml, beta-TG: 100.0 +/- 63.0 ng/ml). In five patients with thrombotic diseases who were treated successfully with 12500 IU of heparin per 12 hours (subcutaneous injection), plasma FPA levels were reduced to near normal levels quicker than changes of other indicators. These clinical and experimental data suggested that FPA was an useful indicator for active coagulation process.
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PMID:[Significance of fibrinopeptide A as an indicator for coagulative analysis in thrombotic diseases]. 695 68

Expression of the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (PGP) was determined by flow cytometry in human lung cancer cell lines and in leukaemic blasts derived from 60 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Cells from the PGP-negative parent cell line H69/P and the multidrug resistant (MDR)-variant H69/LX4 could be clearly distinguished by immunostaining with the anti-PGP monoclonal antibody MRK16. In leukaemic blasts, the differences in fluorescence intensities between samples incubated with the idiotypic nonspecific (control sample) and specific antibody (test sample) were small, resulting in nondisjunct distributions. Only in a few leukaemia specimens were PGP-expressing cells detectable by simple subtraction of histograms using a threshold. Therefore, an improved histogram subtraction analysis, based on curve fitting and a statistical test, was applied to distinguish antigen-positive from antigen-negative cells. Moreover, a multiparametric staining procedure employing propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33342 was used to reduce staining artefacts. By this approach, leukaemic cells with low expression of PGP were detected in 39 out of 60 cases. Subpopulations with strong PGP expression, resulting in disjunct fluorescence distributions, were not observed. Only in 5 out of 60 specimens were PGP expressing cells detected by a conventional subtraction of histograms using a threshold. Comparison of data obtained with or without the multiparametric gating procedure indicated that the increase in sensitivity was mainly due to the application of the data analysis. However, exclusion of cell debris using PI and Hoechst staining properties reduced the deviation of data from mean values. No relation between PGP expression and cell cycle position was observed in either cell lines or in leukaemic blasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Improved flow-cytometric detection of low P-glycoprotein expression in leukaemic blasts by histogram subtraction analysis. 751 93

Construction, one of the larger industries in the United States, employs 7.6 million workers, many in skilled trades occupations. Previously published data about potential worksite exposures and mortality of construction site workers are limited. We analyzed occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 19 U.S. states to evaluate mortality risks among men and women usually employed in construction occupations. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for cancer and several other chronic diseases were significantly elevated among 61,682 white male construction workers who died between 1984 and 1986. Men younger than age 65, who were probably still employed immediately prior to death, had significantly elevated PMRs for cancer, asbestos-related diseases, mental disorders, alcohol-related disease, digestive diseases, falls, poisonings, traumatic fatalities that are usually work-related, and homicides. Elevated PMRs for many of the same causes were observed to a lesser degree for black men and white women whose usual industry was construction. In addition, women experienced excess cancer of the connective tissue and suicide mortality. Various skilled construction trades had elevated PMRs for specific sites, such as bone cancer and melanoma in brickmasons, stomach cancer in roofers and brickmasons, kidney and bone cancer in concrete/terrazzo finishers, nasal cancer in plumbers, pulmonary tuberculosis in laborers, scrotal cancer and aplastic anemia in electricians, acute myeloid leukemia in boilermakers, rectal cancer and multiple sclerosis in electrical power installers, and lung cancer in structural metal workers. Using a standard population of blue collar workers did not result in fewer elevated PMRs for construction workers. Despite lifestyle differences and other limitations of the study, the large numbers of excess deaths observed in this study indicate the need for preventive action for construction workers.
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PMID:Assessment of mortality in the construction industry in the United States, 1984-1986. 757 75

Etoposide has been used in the treatment of a wide variety of neoplasms, including small-cell lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, testicular cancer, acute leukemia, and lymphoma. Its current therapeutic use is limited by myelosuppression, particularly neutropenia. Pharmacodynamic studies of etoposide show that this toxicity can be modeled using a modified Hill equation and that the dose intensity of etoposide can be successfully increased by adaptive control using this model. Significant influences on the degree of myelosuppression include the pretreatment leukocyte count, the performance status, the extent of prior erythrocyte transfusions, and the serum albumin level. In the past 7 years, interest has developed in a distinct subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia that is associated with prior exposure to etoposide. This syndrome has been described in several studies and is characterized by the lack of a preleukemic phase, M4 or M5 morphology, and distinct translocations involving the chromosome 11q23 region. In addition, secondary acute lymphocytic leukemias (involving 11q23) have also been associated with prior epipodophyllotoxin exposure.
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PMID:Pharmacodynamics and long-term toxicity of etoposide. 807 30

A case of therapy-related acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (t-ANLL) in a 70-year-old female patient is reported. An operation for lung cancer was performed in February 1991, and she was treated with etoposide (VP-16), a topoisomerase II inhibitor. Nineteen months after the start of chemotherapy, she complained of palpitations, and anemia and thrombocytopenia developed. The myelogram revealed 41.2% leukemic cells, and a diagnosis of t-ANLL induced by VP-16 was made. The karyotype of bone marrow cells showed 46, XX, t(7;11) (p13;p15), 16p+. She obtained complete remission (CR) by treatment with low dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and cytarabine ocfosfate (SPAC). Karyotype with t-ANLL induced by alkylate agents frequently shows unbalanced abnormalities. The difference of cytogenetic findings suggest the difference of mechanisms. Detailed chromosomal analysis make clear the oncogenesis of t-ANLL. It is reported that the prognosis of patients with t-ANLL treated by conventional chemotherapy is poor. Considering that elderly cases of acute leukemia have a lower probability of achieving CR than non-elderly cases, because of complications and side effects of chemotherapy such as bone marrow suppression, treatment with low dose Ara-C and SPAC is thought to be indicated in elderly patients with t-ANLL.
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PMID:[Therapy-related acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (M2) with 7;11 chromosome translocation induced into complete remission by low dose cytosine arabinoside and cytarabine ocfosfate therapy]. 807 12

Exposure to radon in uranium and other mines is a well recognised risk factor for lung cancer. There is also increasing evidence of a risk of lung cancer from indoor radon. An excess of stomach cancer has been observed in some mining populations but the role of radon is unclear. A few correlation studies and a case-control study have indicated that exposure to indoor radon could be of some importance as a cause of other tumours, especially acute myeloid leukaemia, melanoma and kidney cancer. Also prostate cancer and some other cancer types have correlated with estimated radon exposure but the relatively few studies are not quite consistent with each other. Nevertheless, the various observations of extra-pulmonary tumours associated with radon exposure may warrant further studies, especially with regard to childhood exposure and cancers.
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PMID:Radon as a risk factor for extra-pulmonary tumours. 816 53

Despite the special working environment and exposures of airline pilots, data on risk of death and cancer incidence in this occupational group are limited. The authors investigated a cohort of 2,740 Air Canada pilots who contributed 62,449 person-years of observation. All male pilots employed for at least 1 year on and since January 1, 1950, were studied. The cutoff date for outcome information was December 31, 1992. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) were used to compare mortality rates and cancer incidence rates of the cohort with the respective Canadian population rates. Ninety percent confidence intervals of the SMR and SIR were calculated. Statistically significant decreased mortality was observed for all causes (SMR = 0.63, 90% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.70), for all cancers (SMR = 0.61, 90% CI 0.48-0.76), and for all noncancer diseases (SMR = 0.53, 90% CI 0.45-0.62). Mortality from aircraft accidents was significantly raised (SMR = 26.57, 90% CI 19.3-35.9). Significantly decreased cancer incidence was observed for all cancers (SIR = 0.71, 90% CI 0.61-0.82), rectal cancer (SIR = 0.42, 90% CI 0.14-0.96), lung cancer (SIR = 0.28, 90% CI 0.16-0.46), and bladder cancer (SIR = 0.36, 90% CI 0.12-0.82). Prostate cancer (SIR = 1.87, 90% CI 1.38-2.49) and acute myeloid leukemia (SIR = 4.72, 90% CI 2.05-9.31) were significantly increased. The preferred relative risk model for radiation-induced nonchronic lymphoid leukemia (Beir V report) was applied to the cohort by using published estimates of in-flight radiation exposures. The estimated relative risk ranged from 1.001 to 1.06 and did not differ significantly from the observed SIR (SIR = 1.88, 90% CI 0.80-3.53). However, the incidence rate of acute myeloid leukemia was significantly increased. Monitoring of in-flight radiation exposure and long-term follow-up of civil aviation crew members is needed to further assess cancer incidence and leukemia risk in this special occupational group.
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PMID:Cohort study of Air Canada pilots: mortality, cancer incidence, and leukemia risk. 854 14


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