Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-eight patients with various malignancy was examined for their natural killer (NK) cell activity against 14 target cell lines. The group consisted of 10 patients with gastric cancer, 10 patients with lung cancer, 8 patients with hepatoma, 11 patients with cancer of female genital organs, 14 patients with malignant lymphoma and 15 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The target cells from a variety of lineage were selected to examine the disease-related specificity in NK cell activity. The peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with gastric cancer did not show a decrease in NK activity against 14 targets including gastric cancer cell lines. Other patients except for AML demonstrated low NK activity against one or two target cells out of 14 targets. Whereas, NK activity in patients with AML was remarkably depressed against 10 target cells out of 14. At single cell assay, killing ability rather than binding activity to target was markedly impaired in AML. Comprehensively, the data demonstrated the marked difference in the NK level between the patients with solid tumor and the patients with hematopoietic malignancy. There existed neither disease-related specificity in NK cytolysis, nor correlation in NK levels and clinical severity in the patients with malignancy. These results suggested that it was very difficult to evaluate the anti-cancer capacity in patients with malignancy by NK activity alone.
 ...
PMID:Natural killer (NK) cell activity in patients with various malignancy against a variety of target cell lines: re-evaluation of clinical significance of natural killer cell activity. 281 Sep 19

Combination chemotherapy is frequently used in the therapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but late complications are rarely recognized because of the short survival of most patients. Of 119 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with cisplatin and other drugs, four patients developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). All four patients received etoposide and cisplatin with or without vindesine. Leukemia was diagnosed at 13, 19, 28, and 35 months after start of treatment. Three patients had morphologic and/or cytogenetic features of acute leukemia with significant monoblastic involvement; the fourth patient had trilineage dysplasia and cytogenetic abnormalities more commonly associated with therapy-related leukemia. Detailed analysis of the subgroup who survived longer than 1 year (24 patients) suggests that high cumulative doses of etoposide are leukemogenic; the median etoposide dose was 6,795 mg/m2 (first year only) in the four leukemic patients compared with 3,025 mg/m2 in the 20 nonleukemic patients (P less than .01). The rate of ANLL was 0.30 per person-year after the first year (95% confidence limits 0.11 to 0.90), with a cumulative risk of 15% +/- 11% at 2 years, and 44% +/- 24% at 2.5 years. We conclude that high doses of etoposide are potentially leukemogenic, and can induce a syndrome with features of acute monoblastic leukemia de novo that is distinct from other secondary leukemias.
 ...
PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following etoposide and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung. 282 73

While the carcinogenicity of asbestos has been established in malignant mesotheliomas and lung cancers, and has recently been suspected in several other types of cancer, asbestos has not been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute leukemias. This article includes two cases of acute myelocytic leukemia in individuals with a long history of exposure to asbestos. Significant numbers of asbestos bodies were detected in specimens of their lungs and bone marrow. In addition, the kind of asbestos in both organs was crocidolite, which is implicated in carcinogenesis. No asbestos bodies were detected in the bone marrow specimens from a control group consisting of ten patients with lung cancer with similar occupational histories. The role of asbestos exposure in the development of leukemia requires further study.
 ...
PMID:Acute myelocytic leukemia after exposure to asbestos. 284 Jan 93

Cytogenetic studies were done on the leukemia cells of two patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who developed erythroleukemia (acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, French-American-British M6) after combined modality chemotherapy and radiotherapy for their lung cancer. Surprisingly, both erythroleukemias exhibited the del(3)(p14p23) predominantly found in SCLC. In four other patients who had secondary erythroleukemias associated with other cancers, no deletions of 3p were found. These findings could be accounted for by one of three possible mechanisms: (a) an inherited recessive gene (anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene) in this region of 3p was uncovered by the combined modality therapy, (b) an inherited predisposition to damage of both chromosomes at 3p14 leads to SCLC and erythroleukemia after exposure to carcinogens and/or chemotherapy-radiotherapy, or (c) the finding of lineage specificity for the 3p deletion with the presence of the 3p deletion in SCLC and erythroleukemia suggests a common bone marrow precursor.
 ...
PMID:Deletion of 3(p14p23) in secondary erythroleukemia arising in long-term survivors of small cell lung cancer. 284 53

In summary, carcinoma is the most frequent cancer that metastasizes to the skin; lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Clinically distinctive patterns of cutaneous metastasis of epithelial origin include alopecia neoplastica, pulsatile nodules, Sister Mary Joseph's nodules, morpheaform, and cellulitis-like lesions. Biopsying these lesions reveals adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or anaplastic carcinoma. The type of histologic pattern seen can be a clue to the organ of origin giving rise to the cutaneous metastasis. Skin that is damaged allows for circulating malignant cells, often of epithelial or leukemic origin, to lodge and proliferate locally (inflammatory oncotaxis). The commonest form of leukemia to affect the skin of elderly males is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, when leukemia involves the mucous membranes, acute myeloid leukemia (acute monocytic and acute myelomonocytic leukemia) is the most likely diagnosis. When papules, nodules, or plaques develop on the head, neck, or torso in a middle-aged male accompanied by lymphadenopathy, there must be a high index of suspicion that these lesions are metastatic lymphomatous deposits. Definitive histologic diagnosis on a skin biopsy specimen is difficult. In this situation, it is best to rely on histologic patterns seen in lymphoid tissue along with cellular marker studies. An elderly patient having bone pain, anemia, elevated blood calcium level, and renal failure along with purplish or skin-colored nodules and plaques on the trunk has a good chance of having multiple myeloma. Biopsying these lesions is most certain to reveal atypical plasma cells, and blood immunoelectrophoresis will demonstrate characteristic monoclonal gammopathy. There are two malignancies seen in children under 3 years of age that often times affect the skin in a characteristic fashion. Letterer-Siwe disease, which is distinguished from other histocytic disorders by its cell of origin, the Langerhans cell, clinically shows maculopapular and erosive lesions distributed in a seborrheic pattern. Neuroblastoma derived from cells of the neural crest demonstrates clinically widespread bluish papulonodules. Kaposi's sarcoma, a multifocal vascular malignancy, has a wide spectrum of clinical expression. Those patients who are immunocompromised secondary to concomitant disease or immunosuppressive therapy are more susceptible to a disseminated fulminant course accompanied by opportunistic infection. In conclusion, although specific signs of internal malignancy are less common than nonspecific ones, they are just as important; if the clinician managing the cancer patient is familiar with these clues to internal disease, proper patient management will ensue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Specific cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy. 307 47

Immune reconstitution after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) was studied in peripheral blood by phytohemagglutinin stimulated T-cell colony formation (CFU-TL) and by surface phenotype analysis of T-lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies. Twenty-six patients (15 small-cell lung cancer, 5 lymphoma, 3 acute myeloid leukemia [AML], 2 germ cell cancer, and 1 melanoma) were conditioned with high-dose multiple drug combinations (plus total body irradiation in AML patients). No maintenance chemotherapy was given following treatment. Despite a rapid return to normal values of peripheral T3+, T11+ lymphocytes, the T4/T8 ratio remained below 1.0 up to 24 months after transplant, regardless of infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV). A high percentage (26% +/- 3%) of lymphocyte cells with immature phenotype (T8+, Ia+) was found during the first 6 months after transplant. Out of 84 cultures, performed in 26 patients, no growth was observed in 47 instances (22 patients) up to 28 months after grafting. Growth occurred in 37 cultures (11 patients, from 1 to 51 months after transplant) although it never reached the colony numbers of normal controls. Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) added to lymphocyte culture induced proliferation in 8 (4 CMV-positive and 4 CMV-negative patients) out of 12 instances of no growth. In cases of depressed CFU-TL (20 cultures), rIL-2 induced a 48% and 92% increase in six CMV-positive patients and nine CMV-negative patients, respectively. These observations show that after ABMT and regardless of CMV status, defects in CFU-TL can be partially corrected by rIL-2.
 ...
PMID:Recombinant human interleukin-2 restores in vitro T-cell colony formation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after autologous bone marrow transplantation. 331 85

Several studies have raised the possibility that exposure to electrical and/or magnetic fields may be injurious to health in particular by the promotion or initiation of cancer. To investigate whether the electricity transmission system presents a long term hazard to public health, the mortality of nearly 8,000 persons, identified as living in the vicinity of electrical transmission facilities at the time of the 1971 Population Census, has been followed to the end of 1983. All identified transmission installations within pre-defined areas were included in the study with the result that the greater part of the study group were believed to be resident near relatively low voltage sub-stations. Overall mortality was lower than expected and no evidence of major health hazards emerged. The only statistically significant excess mortality was for lung cancer (in women overall, and in persons living closest to the installations); this result is difficult to interpret in the absence of smoking data, and is not supported by other evidence but does not appear to be due to the social class distribution of the study group. The study did not support previously reported associations of exposure to electro-magnetic fields with acute myeloid leukaemia, other lymphatic cancers and suicide.
 ...
PMID:Mortality of persons resident in the vicinity of electricity transmission facilities. 345 88

The activity, content and true specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined for human erythrocytes of 105 normal healthy subjects. At the same time the activities of erythrocyte SOD are also determined in patients with lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia and thyroidal dysfunctions. The mean SOD activity of healthy subjects assayed by the method of inhibition of xanthine autoxidation was 11.0 X 10(3) units/g of hemoglobin (Hb). The mean SOD content of healthy subjects assayed by an immunodiffusion method was 456 micrograms/g of Hb. Both the activity and the content of SOD showed normal distributions, while no significant variations in regard to sex and age were detected. A high positive correlation between the activity and the content of SOD was observed in normal healthy subjects (r = 0.77, p less than 0.001). True specific activity was calculated from the levels of activity and content of SOD. The mean true specific activity of SOD in human erythrocytes was 23.7 units/micrograms of SOD. There was no significant difference in true specific activity among age groups. The activity of erythrocyte SOD was determined in 38 patients with lung cancer (n = 15), malignant lymphoma (n = 11) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 12). Patients with malignant lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia showed a significant decrease in enzyme activity (p less than 0.01) while the patients with lung cancer (9 squamous cell carcinomas and 6 small cell carcinomas) showed a normal value of SOD activity. Furthermore, patients with malignant lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia who were in remission and were not being treated with anticancer drugs also showed a significant decrease in SOD activity. These observations therefore indicate that a low level of erythrocyte SOD activity is related to cancer and that degree of the activities varies with the type of cancer. A total of 18 determinations of erythrocyte SOD activity were made on 16 patients with thyroidal dysfunction. Patients with hyperthyroidism showed a significant increase in SOD activity (p less than 0.01), while patients with hypothyroidism showed the same SOD activity as those of healthy subjects. A significantly high positive correlation was found between erythrocyte SOD activity and the level of thyroxine in serum (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01). The author suggests therefore that erythrocyte SOD activity has a close relationship to the state of the thyroid hormones.
 ...
PMID:Superoxide dismutase level in human erythrocytes and its clinical application to the patients with cancers and thyroidal dysfunctions. 361 27

Use of SM-4300, which is a newly developed human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration, has clinically been evaluated in the patients with severe or intractable bacterial infections. Of total 13 cases of the admitted patients at the 1st department of internal medicine, faculty of medicine, Kyushu university, 10-pneumonia case were associated with blood diseases like acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM), and in addition, with other underlying diseases like lung cancer and bronchiectasis, 1 was prosthetic valve endocarditis, 1 cholecystitis associated with pericarditis and 1 fever of undetermined origin (FUO). SM-4300 of 5 g single bolus or 3 daily doses of 2.5 g per day were infused with chemotherapy drugs preceedingly administered for more than 3 days and the results were evaluated; good in 4, fair 4, poor 2 and unknown 3, and the efficacy rate was 40%. Bacteriologically, the results were decreased in 1, persisted 1 and the majority was unknown. Observed were no side reactions nor the changes in clinical examination variables incurred by this drug. It is therefore considered that SM-4300 is of use for the treatment of intractable bacterial infections when used with antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies on SM-4300]. 407 19

Serum ferritin has been suggested as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of certain malignancies and for following the activity or dissemination of the malignant process. Since neoplastic tissues generally contain more acidic isoferritins than their normal tissue counterparts, it has also been suggested that the specific assay of such isoferritins in serum may be of particular value in the diagnosis of malignancy. In this work, we have evaluated ferritin concentration in the serum of normal subjects and patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer and lung cancer by simultaneously using three different immunoassays: an immunoradiometric assay based on polyclonal antibodies against human liver (basic, L-subunit rich) ferritin, a radioimmunoassay based on polyclonad antibodies against HeLa cell (acidic, H-subunit rich) ferritin, and an immunoradiometric assay based on the monoclonal antibody 2A4 raised against human heart (acidic, H-subunit rich) ferritin. Most of the patients studied had increased values for liver-type ferritin in the absence of increased iron stores. Binding of serum ferritin to concanavalin A did not prove to be useful in distinguishing a tumor-specific basic isoferritin. The HeLa ferritin assay was found to be less specific than the heart ferritin assay in the detection of acidic isoferritins, and did not provide any advantage over the liver assay in detecting the increased levels of serum ferritin associated with malignant disease. Heart-type ferritin was found in one-fifth of normal sera and 64% of sera from patients with malignancy. Values were very low compared with those for basic ferritin, ranging from less than 0.1 to 17% of total serum ferritin (geometric mean value 1.3%) in patients with malignancy. These findings indicate that at present there is little application for serum ferritin immunoassays based on antibodies to HeLa cell or heart ferritin in the diagnosis or monitoring of malignant disease. This seems to be due to the presence in human serum of biding factors which are responsible for the rapid clearance of acidic isoferritins from the circulation. The serum concentration of basic ferritin, however, can be useful in the diagnosis and management of some malignancies, and it is possible that studies on cell isoferritins can be important in biologic monitoring of neoplastic disorders. It should also be noted that the increased levels of serum ferritin found in patients with malignancy can exert adverse effects on the host immune response and perhaps an inhibitory effect on hematopoiesis.
 ...
PMID:Immunological reactivity of serum ferritin in patients with malignancy. 408 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>