Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hypothesis that the true incidence of c-ALL is relatively uniform throughout the world is not supported by experience in tropical Africa, where ALL is uncommon under five years of age. A high rate of spontaneous somatic mutation in pre-B cells may initiate the development of c-ALL, but its progress could be determined by (i) a leukaemogenic agent causing a second genetic event, (ii) the effects of intense antigenic barrage, either stimulating or suppressing pre-B-cell mitosis, or (iii) genetic determinants. Epidemiological patterns in populations of low, intermediate and high socio-economic status may be classified I-III with increasing incidence of diagnosed T-ALL in children over five years and c-ALL in younger children, and subclassified A and B with decreasing incidence of BL. There may be two forms of AML, one similar to that seen in industrialized countries, the other occurring at high prevalence in African children of low socio-economic status, often presenting with chloroma, and perhaps associated with immune suppression secondary to malnutrition, malaria and other intercurrent infections. Uncontrolled exposure to petroleum and other chemicals, and the use of alkylating agents in treatment of neoplasms in young patients could emerge as important causes of ANLL in Africa. There are two varieties of CLL also, one similar to that seen in the western world, the other prevalent in adults below 45 years of age, especially women: transmission of a leukaemogenic agent is postulated, to which women are more susceptible due to immunosuppression during normal pregnancy. The human population and some subhuman primates of subSaharan Africa are the largest reservoir of HTLV-1, which shows association with B-CLL over 50 years of age and ATL.
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PMID:Possible aetiological factors in leukaemias in Africa. 289 24

A chloroma is described in the left quadrant of the maxilla in a 4-year-old girl. This patient had previously completed a course of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia, but had been off all drug therapy and in remission for 1 year prior to presentation. Chloroma is a well recognised, if uncommon, mode of presentation of acute myeloblastic leukaemia and a previous case of chloroma occurring in the mandibular gingival tissues has been reported (Reichart et al., 1984). An unusual feature in the present case is the appearance of the chloroma as a form of leukaemic relapse and as a solitary deposit which is itself uncommon in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. It is suggested that this chloroma was a leukaemic deposit which had spread from within the maxillary antrum or the tissues adjacent to the meninges.
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PMID:Maxillary chloroma: a myeloid leukaemic deposit. 316 92

A relapse of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in a child presented as subacute mononeuropathy involving the sciatic nerve. Surgical exploration showed a chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma) of the distal sciatic nerve, but resection and irradiation did not lead to recovery of nerve function or complete resolution of the patient's symptomatic neuropathic pain. This case represents a rare neurologic complication of what is currently an uncommon presentation for leukemic relapse, and may be the only reported case of chloromatous involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) without coexisting epidural or leptomeningeal leukemia.
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PMID:Leukemic relapse presenting as sciatic nerve involvement by chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma). 316 17

Myelosarcoma ("Granulocytic sarcoma", "Chloroma") is an extramedullary tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells and related to myelogenous leukemia. If the tumor precedes acute leukemia diagnosis is difficult and requires special diagnostic techniques. This is documented by the presented 7.5 years old girl with primary myelosarcoma. In spite of early and intensive chemotherapy and radiation the sarcoma soon was followed by acute myelogenous leukemia with skin infiltrations. Cytogenetic classifications may in future lead to the development of a differentiated therapy of myelosarcoma.
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PMID:[Myelosarcoma as the primary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia]. 345 34

Spontaneous regression of end-stage acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) complicated with chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma) was observed in a child after the patient had been sent home for terminal care. The patient was initially found to have the 8;21 translocation and has survived without any evidence of disease 101 months after the initial diagnosis and 80 months after the discontinuation of all therapy. Spontaneous regression of a wide variety of tumors has been reported, but this observed case has no features in common with those cases. Special implications of this case are discussed.
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PMID:Spontaneous cure of end-stage acute nonlymphocytic leukemia complicated with chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma). 346 Jun 84

We report a patient with large intracerebral chloromas while in systemic remission from acute myelogenous leukemia. A favourable outcome resulted from surgical debulking and radiotherapy. Review of other reported cases in the literature showed a uniform female occurrence. We believe that intracerebral chloromas represent reactivation of sanctuary deposits in the central nervous system. The treatment of intracerebral chloroma is discussed.
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PMID:Intracerebral chloromas. Report of a case and review of the literature. 346 44

A case of granulocytic sarcoma, or chloroma, of the palatal mucosa, which developed 15 months before the onset of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), is reported. The diagnosis was suspected on the basis of the light microscopic findings and confirmed by histochemical studies. Granulocytic sarcomas are rare, may be observed in a variety of body locations, and are considered specific lesions of AML or of the onset of blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Primary granulocytic sarcomas of the oral cavity without systemic manifestations of AML are extremely rare. Clinical diagnosis of these lesions in patients with normal peripheral blood and bone marrow may be very difficult.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the oral cavity: a case with aleukemic presentation. 347 96

A series of 7 patients with granulocytic sarcoma is presented to illustrate its varied clinical picture. In particular, this condition may present with features which suggest a non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The diagnosis will only be made if a high index of suspicion is maintained and special histopathological methods are used. Granulocytic sarcoma should be treated like an acute myeloid leukaemia.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma: a diagnosis to be considered in unusual lymphoma syndromes. 348 Oct 72

Granulocytic sarcoma of the clavicle occurred in a 17-year-old boy. The patient had a densely sclerotic bony lesion with periosteal reaction and no peripheral blood manifestations of leukemia. Supraclavicular adenopathy developed after a preliminary diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was made, and a second biopsy was performed. Electron microscopy of the tissue showed Auer bodies and Charcot-Leyden granules characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination chemotherapy, local irradiation, and clavicular resection have left the patient with no evidence of disease 50 months after diagnosis. Leukemia may appear as a solitary bone tumor before hematologic changes develop. Granulocytic sarcomas can have the radiographic and histologic appearance of primary bone tumors. Bone marrow examination and electron microscopy of biopsy tissue are diagnostic of leukemia and are important in all hospital investigations of round-cell tumors of bone.
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PMID:Solid leukemic tumor. An uncommon presentation of a common disease. 385 98

Granulocytic sarcoma is an unusual form of tumefaction caused by acute granulocytic leukemia. On rare occasions, the lesion precedes the leukemic phase and presents as a mass with a normal peripheral white cell count. This report describes the initial manifestation of granulocytic sarcoma by vaginal cytology in a 39-year-old female with Down's syndrome. Six days after admission, the patient died of acute peritonitis following spontaneous perforation of the bowel. Autopsy revealed involvement of cervix, vagina, bowel wall and one pelvic lymph node by granulocytic sarcoma. Bone marrow examination confirmed the preleukemic stage of the disease. Cytologically, the malignant cells occurred singly. No nucleoli were seen. The differential diagnosis between malignant lymphoma and granulocytic sarcoma rests upon a positive naphtol AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain in granulocytic sarcoma. This stain may be performed on paraffin-embedded sections or on smears.
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PMID:Preleukemic granulocytic sarcoma of cervix and vagina: initial manifestation by cytology. 646 Nov 54


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