Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complete or partial monosomy 7 is a recurring cytogenetic abnormality in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative syndromes (MPS) and is particularly common in patients with Fanconi's anemia and in secondary AML. A familial form of monosomy 7 has been recognized in which two or more siblings develop MPS or AML before age 20. We tested the hypothesis that a recessive cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 7 was important in the pathogenesis of leukemia in familial monosomy 7 by determining the parental origins of the chromosome 7 retained in the bone marrows of three pairs of affected siblings. We found no overlapping region where all three pairs retained DNA derived from the same paternal or maternal chromosome. These data suggest that inactivation of a single allele of a putative tumor-suppressor gene may be sufficient to contribute to leukemic transformation in familial monosomy 7.
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PMID:Evidence implicating heterozygous deletion of chromosome 7 in the pathogenesis of familial leukemia associated with monosomy 7. 135 90

Autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) is the treatment of choice for selected patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and poor prognosis breast cancer. A possible limitation of this approach is that clonogenic tumor cells could be collected and infused back into the patient along with the normal bone marrow. The major emphasis in our laboratory has been the development of marrow purging regimens for breast cancer patients. This paper describes two investigative approaches hematopoietic progenitor cell protection and selection. We describe how the use of G-CSF in the patients who receive positively selected marrow shortens the rate of engraftment.
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PMID:Purging of autologous bone marrow for transplantation: the protection and selection of the hematopoietic progenitor cell. 136 17

Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were purified using a new technology in which monoclonal antibodies are covalently immobilized on polystyrene surfaces. The CD34+ cell isolation scheme involved three sequential processes: (1) purification of bone marrow mononuclear cells; (2) enrichment of CD34+ cells using covalently immobilized soybean agglutinin; and (3) positive selection of CD34+ cells using polystyrene surfaces coated with the anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody ICH3. CD34+ cells purified by this process have both low-to-medium forward light scatter and low 90 degrees light-scatter properties. Moreover, the purified CD34+ cells are greater than 85% viable, express appropriate characteristic surface antigens, and are 10-50-fold enriched in short- and long-term hematopoietic activity. CD34+ cells collected in this manner from bone marrow samples contaminated with radiolabeled breast carcinoma, neuroblastoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, or small cell lung carcinoma cells were 99.9% depleted of the tumor cells. The CD34+ cell selection devices are sterile and are easily scaled-up to process clinical scale bone marrow samples.
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PMID:Rapid isolation of human CD34 hematopoietic stem cells--purging of human tumor cells. 137 43

To help understanding host-tumor relationships in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and better define indications for interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy in this disease, we studied the relationship between the susceptibility of leukemic cells of 44 AML patients to lysis by autologous (26 cases) and/or allogeneic (41 cases) lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and characteristics of the leukemia. Lymphocytes were activated in the presence of 1000 u/ml recombinant IL-2 for 5 days. Lysis of AML cells was studied by 51Cr release. Average lysis of AML cells by autologous LAK cells was 9 +/- 13% and by allogeneic LAK cells 10 +/- 9% with a significant correlation between lyses by both effectors (p = 0.01). Autologous (p = 0.005) and allogeneic (p = 0.004) lyses were higher in patients with initial infection. Allogeneic lysis was correlated with initial WBC count (p = 0.009), serum lactic-dehydrogenase level (p = 0.05), and expression of CD13 (p = 0.01). Autologous lysis was inversely correlated with expression of CD34 (p = 0.003). Expression of adhesion molecules CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD58 (LFA-3) by the leukemic cells did not correlate with their lysis by LAK cells. Susceptibility of leukemic cells to lysis by LAK cells did not correlate with prognosis of the leukemia.
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PMID:Susceptibility of acute myelogenous leukemia blasts to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and its clinical relevance. 137 19

Thymoma is associated with a wide variety of syndromes. However, an association with peroxidase-negative acute myeloid leukemia and pinealoma, although feasible due to the marked influence of this tumor on the lymphoid system, has not been described previously. A patient with thymic carcinoma and pinealoma who developed peroxidase-negative acute myeloid leukemia as a late event is presented in this report.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoma associated with pinealoma and terminating with peroxidase-negative acute myeloid leukemia. 139 88

Based on the recent observations that, in a majority of patients with acute leukemia, the 5' end of the calcitonin gene was hypermethylated and abnormal DNA fragments were observed following HpaII restriction digestion, we have developed a PCR-based method to sensitively detect this abnormal methylation of the calcitonin gene in AML. Applying the concept of competitive PCR, a semi-quantitative correlation was obtained between the amount of hypermethylation and the amount of leukemic cells present. These results suggest that this method will be useful to monitor the amount of tumor cells in bone marrow from patients with AML.
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PMID:Use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect hypermethylation in the calcitonin gene. A new, sensitive approach to monitor tumor cells in acute myelogenous leukemia. 140 5

Multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are closely related B-cell cancers. Parallel and divergent features of these diseases are reviewed. In MM, expression of multiple hemopoietic lineage-associated antigens on the malignant cells and the substantial likelihood of progression to acute myelogenous leukemia suggest transformation of a pluripotent stem cell. In CLL, transformation more likely involves a committed B-cell progenitor. Another difference is that clonal evolution with associated cytogenetic progression is common in MM but not CLL. Other data, including studies of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, suggest that MM results both from increased proliferation and accumulation of tumor cells, whereas tumor cell accumulation is the predominant feature of CLL. These differences may be reflected in the seemingly greater role of cytokine abnormalities in MM progression. For example, osteoclast-activating properties of some cytokines account for bone involvement in MM but not in CLL. MM and CLL share common features such as stage-dependent anemia and immune deficiency. Both diseases respond to alkylating agents but vary markedly in their sensitivity to fludarabine (CLL greater than MM) and glucocorticoids (MM greater than CLL). Differences between these diseases in progression-free interval and survival may reflect different definitions of premalignant and malignant phases rather than biologic differences. Detailed comparisons between MM and CLL may provide additional insights into these and related B-cell cancers.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: parallels and contrasts. 141 9

Urinary excretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 25 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), in 68 patients with other hematologic disorders and in 13 asymptomatic individuals seropositive for human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). The mean levels of urinary PTH-rP in ATL patients with hypercalcemia (11.01 micrograms/g.Cr) were higher than in ATL patients with normocalcemia (5.16 micrograms/g.Cr). The mean levels in patients with acute type (8.84 micrograms/g.Cr), lymphoma type (4.18 micrograms/g.Cr) and crisis ATL (18.20 micrograms/g.Cr) were significantly higher than in urine of healthy controls. However, all asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-I and patients with chronic and smoldering ATL had normal urinary PTH-rP levels. In 7 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, 1 patient with blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and 3 patients with malignant lymphoma, the urinary levels of PTH-rP were above the normal range. Urinary levels of PTH-rP of the ATL patients with hypercalcemia correlated with the serum calcium levels. Urinary levels of PTH-rP of the all ATL correlated with serum lactic dehydrogenase level. These findings suggest that the measurement of urinary levels of PTH-rP is useful for evaluation of ATL and that some tumor cells of other hematologic diseases may produce PTH-rP.
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PMID:[Urinary excretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein in patients with adult T-cell leukemia and other hematologic disorders]. 143 36

A case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) with spastic paralysis of the lower extremities caused by a tumor of the spinal cord as the first symptoms of the disease is presented. The tumor consisted of leukaemic cells. A diagnosis of AML type M2, according to FAB classification, was established. A complete remission was achieved after 2 courses of chemotherapy. Patient started to walk after intensive rehabilitation. After 14 months of complete remission, recurrence was observed despite an intensified therapy.
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PMID:[Spastic paralysis of the lower extremities as the first symptom of acute myeloblastic leukemia]. 143 55

Murine radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (RI-AML) may be considered as the experimental counterpart of human secondary leukemia. Three new myelomonocytic cell lines derived from RI-AML and carrying a partially deleted chromosome 2 are described. The RI-AML cells responded with increased proliferation after being incubated with the hemopoietic growth factors rG-CSF, rGM-CSF and IL-3. Increased proliferation of the same extent without any effect in differentiation, was also demonstrated in the RI-AML cells after incubation with IL-6 and with mouse lung conditioned medium (CM) and Krebs ascites tumor cells CM which induce differentiation in normal and most leukemic myeloid cells. Down-regulation of the c-myc gene and induction of (2'-5') oligo-adenylate synthetase (reflecting autocrine interferon secretion), two essential mechanisms operating during arrest of growth and concomitant differentiation, were demonstrated to be absent in RI-AML cells. In contrast, the M1 cells responded to the above differentiating factors with growth arrest and differentiation and with appropriate c-myc down-regulation and synthetase induction. The genetic basis for the distinct RI-AML cells' behavior may be connected with the loss or structural and/or functional abnormalities of DNA sequences located in the deleted part of chromosome 2 or in the respective allele. The presently described new RI-AML cell lines may be used for studies concerning myeloid leukemogenesis in general and secondary leukemia in particular.
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PMID:Absence of negative growth regulation in three new murine radiation-induced myeloid leukemia cell lines with deletion of chromosome 2. 145 74


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