Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023467 (acute myeloid leukemia)
 35,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) is an oncogenic virus for a variety of nonhuman primates. HVS does not produce overt disease upon inoculation in the natural host (squirrel monkey) but consistently induces neoplasms including lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias in 4 other species of monkeys. Various drugs inhibit replication of HVS in vitro including cytosine arabinoside and adenine arabinoside. In addition, the lymphoma and leukemia induced in owl monkeys responds to vincristine and prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, and human interferon. Of the various chemical carcinogens studied, the antitumor agent procarbazine induces neoplasms in a variety of species including monkeys. Thus far this compound has induced acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), lymphoma, and hemangiosarcomas in macaques. We have induced primary liver tumors in macaques with several nitrosamines and aflatoxin B1 and these tumors produce alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) which can be assayed for both diagnosis and therapy. Thus far, therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma has been most successful with surgical resection; and the tumor mass and serum AFP have been less responsive to single agent chemotherapy. These nonhuman primate models are useful for an understanding of the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the human disease.
 ...
PMID:Nonhuman primate models for lymphoma, leukemia, and other neoplasms. 16 36

B.M. cells of RLV-infected BALB/c mice can proliferate in methylcellulose in the absence of E.P., while normal B.M. cells cannot (12). Not only the more primitive BFU-E shows hormone-independency (18). This phenomenon is in favour of the view that the Rauscher virus induced erythroblastosis is a true neoplasia although transplantation experiments failed so far. The experiments in which transformation in vitro of B.M. cells by RLV is established (19) show that the CFU-E can serve as a target for the virus. Treatment of normal mice with CFA leads to a rapid increase in CFU-E in the bone marrow (18). Splenomegaly of RLV-infected mice is enhanced by CFA-treatment probably due to an increase in targets. Transfection with proviral DNA also can transform the CFU-E of BALB-c mice. This approach allows in vitro studies on the resistence of mouse strains to RLV in vitro. The studies are of interest for the human disease in two aspects. In vitro transformation assays are needed to study the oncogenic potential of putative human leukemia viruses. Furthermore the studies have yielded some new insight in the pathogenesis of virally induced erythroblastosis. This might serve as a model for e.g. acute myeloid leukemia in man.
 ...
PMID:Hormone independent in vitro erythroid colony formation by mouse bone marrow cells. 18 23

RNA purified from two related RNA tumor viruses, one isolated from a baboon, Papio anubis, and the second from cultured blood leukocytes of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia, was labeled with 125I and hybridized to DNA from different primates. RNA from both viruses showed maximum sequence homology with genes in baboons and little homology with genes of humans. The results confirm earlier suggestions that both viruses originated by transcription of baboon virogenes, and that one was transmitted to humans in nature. Hybridization of the viral RNA to cell DNA followed complicated kinetic patterns, indicating the presence of both repeated and infrequent virogene elements. This conclusion was verified in experiments using varied DNA:RNA ratios. It is proposed that virogenes, though composed of genes repeated 10 times or more, consist of some sequences more preferentially conserved than others. The non-uniformity of virogene sequence conservation limits the use of viral probes in studies concerning certain aspects of virogene evolution.
 ...
PMID:Divergence of baboon endogenous type C virogenes in primates: genomic viral RNA in molecular hybridization experiments. 19 53

The etiology of cancer resembles that of many other diseases in that multiple factors may be required. Because of this, the role or viruses in the etiology of human cancers is especially difficult to assess. When animal tumor systems were used as models, the roles of various predisposing characteristics in virus oncogenesis were elucidated. Extrapolation of these findings to the human diseases suggests the importance of genetics, age, hormones, immune competence, and stress in determining susceptibility to tumor development in individuals infected with an oncogenic virus. The importance of cofactors in induction of those human tumors most strongly associated with virus infection, including Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cerviccal carcinoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and breast cancer, is reviewed. Understanding of the role of these cofactors in virus carcinogenesis may lead to disease prevention through elimination of one or more of the cofactors.
 ...
PMID:The viral etiology of cancer: a realistic approach. 19 10

Dog thymus cells chronically infected with HL-23V, a C-type virus isolated from human acute myelogenous leukemia cells, produced both transforming and nontransforming virus indistinguishable from simian sarcoma virus type 1 (SSV-1/SSAV-1) and induced fibromas in newborn marmosets. All inoculated marmosets developed anti-HL-23V antibodies. A cell line established from a tumor biopsy produced transforming virus identical to SSV-1 and HL-23V at early passages. However, at later passages the cell line and a cell line established from residual tumor tissue removed at autopsy, produced virus which was neutralized only at low dilutions of anti-SSV-1 serum (1:32) relative to SSV-1 (1:1,024). This virus (BFV) was also distinguished from SSV-1 and HL-23V by XC tests, and by membrane immunofluorescence and serum cytotoxicity tests.
 ...
PMID:Oncogenicity of the C-type virus HL-23V in marmosets and characterization of virus isolated from an HL-23V-induced marmoset tumor: comparison with simian sarcoma virus type 1. 20 50

Plasma and 24-h urinary adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 normal subjects, 33 patients with six types of non-neoplastic disease (cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, regional ileitis, and cirrhosis), and 34 patients with five types of disseminated neoplastic disease (acute myelocytic leukemia; Hodgkin's disease; and metastatic cancer of the lung, colon, and breast). In patients with non-neoplastic disease, cyclic nucleotide values in plasma and urine did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those in normal subjects. In patients with disseminated cancer, cyclic AMP values in plasma and urine likewise did not differ significantly from those in normal subjects. Plasma cyclic GMP, in contrast, was significantly elevated in all five types of cancer patients, and urinary cyclic GMP was significantly elevated (five times the normal mean) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
 ...
PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in disseminated cancer. 22 52

A 23-year-old man is reported who had a connective tissue disorder with features of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Because of the development of severe myocarditis and acute cerebral dysfunction treatment with azathioprine and prednisone was instituted, with dramatic clinical improvement. Ten months later, when a total of some 52 g of azathioprine had been administered, acute myelomonocytic leukemia developed. Although acute myelogenous leukemia has been noted in several individuals receiving immunosuppressive drugs for treatment of lymphoreticular neoplasms, this complication has heretofore been rare in patients given azathioprine for non-neoplastic disease. The present case is documented because of the increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs in treatment of various rheumatic disorders and the need to establish the relationship, if any, between the use of such agents and malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Acute leukemia after azathioprine treatment of connective tissue disease. 26 41

A patient with a 17-year course of metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast is described who developed large numbers of circulating carcinoma cells which were easily detectable in several routine peripheral blood smears shortly before death. This rare complication of carcinoma has been called "carcinocythemia." Carcinocythemia is probably due to widespread infiltration of many bone marrow sites and may also be related to splenectomy, which may impair reticuloendothelial clearance of circulating tumor cells. The differential diagnosis of carcinocythemia from superimposed acute myelogenous leukemia, which can complicate radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the primary tumor, is discussed. Cytomorphology, histochemistry, and electron microscopy of abnormal circulating cells should aid in the distinction of these two processes.
 ...
PMID:Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia) due to metastatic carcinoma of the breast: report of a case. 27 Oct 40

We have measured the plasma level of a fucosyltransferase in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at various stages of the disease and in normal controls. This enzyme transfers the sugar fucose from a guanosine diphosphate-L-fucose donor to high-molecular-weight acceptors with a terminal N-acetyl-glucosamine residue. The enzyme levels of fucosyltransferase in individuals free from disease and in patients with untreated leukemia or lymphoma were comparable. A substantial increase in plasma enzyme level was measured during drug-induced remissions, three weeks after drug therapy. The enzyme level fell to the normal range during unmaintained remissions inpatients with lymphomas; comparable information for the leukemia is not available since all remissions were drug maintained. These data, together with microscopic examination of marrow samples, indicate that the level of this fucosyltransferase is correlated with regeneration of a normal marrow population after chemotherapy. The enzyme assay may prove useful in defining normal bone marrow recovery and in timing cyclic combination chemotherapy in patients with neoplastic disease.
 ...
PMID:Guanosine diphosphate-L-fucose plasma: N-acetylglucosaminide fucosyltransferase as in index of bone marrow hyperplasia after chemotherapy. 27 Oct 43

Acute myelogenous leukemia was induced in outbred Long-Evans rats by iv injections of leukemia cells from a subcutaneous tumor of Shay myelogenous leukemia. In rats with this leukemia the peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts varied from 2.4 to 700 X 10(9)/liter. No differences were found in the bone marrow of the rats with the high WBC counts and that of rats with low WBC counts. This observation could explain the large variations in the number of circulating leukemia cells caused by differences in cell proliferation or delivery of cells into the circulation. Massive phagocytosis of leukemia cells occurred in animals with low WBC counts (less than 12 X 10(9)/liter) but not in animals with high WBC counts (greater than 150 X 10(9)/liter). This phagocytosis was directed against circulating leukemia cells. The main phagocytes were Kupffer's cells of the liver and macrophages of the spleen parenchyma. In addition, phagocytosis occurred in the spleens and bone marrow by intravascular macrophages, which were derived from extravascular sites. The endothelium of the postcapillary venules of the lymph nodes participated in the phagocytosis of circulating leukemia cells while continuing to be the locus of lymphocytic return from circulation to lymphatic parenchyma. The factors underlying the differences in macrophage activity between the rats with high and low WBC counts were unknown.
 ...
PMID:Destruction of circulating leukemia cells by phagocytosis in rats with myelogenous leukemia. 27 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>